2022 California wildfires

Last updated

2022 California wildfires
2022-07-23 Oak Fire satellite view.jpg
The smoke plume from the Oak Fire in California as seen by NASA's Aqua satellite on July 23, 2022
Date(s)
January 21 – October 23
Statistics [1]
Total fires7,667
Total area363,939 acres (147,281 ha)
Impacts
Deaths9
Structures destroyed
  • 772 destroyed
  • 104 damaged
Map
2022 California wildfires map.png
A map of every wildfire ≥1,000 acres in area in California in 2022
Season
←  2021
2023  →

The 2022 California wildfire season was a series of wildfires throughout the U.S. state of California. By the end of the year, a total of 7,667 fires had been recorded, totaling approximately 363,939 acres (147,281 hectares) across the state. Wildfires killed nine people in California in 2022, destroyed 772 structures, and damaged another 104. The 2022 season followed the 2020 and 2021 California wildfire seasons, which had the highest and second-highest (respectively) numbers of acres burned in the historical record, with a sharp drop in acreage burned.

Contents

Drastic climatic and ecological conditions, including climate change and long-term drought, had led to the anticipation of another potentially above-average wildfire season on the heels of two previous such seasons in 2020 and 2021. [2] However, while the number of fires to date in 2022 was only slightly below the 5-year average (7,641 fires versus 8,049 fires), the total acreage burned was well below the 5-year average; 363,939 acres burned in 2022 thus far versus the 5-year average of 2,324,096 acres (though that average includes several of California's most significant fire seasons). [3]

Peak fire season in California typically occurs in late summer and/or fall, and effectively ends when significant precipitation occurs across the state. [4] Governor of California Gavin Newsom officially marked "the end of peak wildfire season” in most of the state in mid-November. [5] The quieter fire year was received gratefully by state officials and was highlighted by multiple news outlets, which attributed the downturn in severity largely to fortunate weather patterns, such as well-timed precipitation and favorable wind conditions. [6] [5] Officials were also quick to suggest that a contributing factor might have been several billion dollars invested in wildfire resilience projects, such as prescribed burning and community outreach. [5]

Despite the 'quiet' year as measured in acreage, a number of significant wildfires burned in California in 2022; these include the Oak Fire in Mariposa County, which burned over 180 structures, the McKinney Fire in Siskiyou County, which caused 4 fatalities, and the Mosquito Fire in Placer and El Dorado counties, which was California's largest wildfire of the year.

Early outlook

Seasonal fire risk

After a wet October and December in the beginning of the 2022 water year, California experienced the driest January–February period on record in the state, with similar conditions continuing in March. [7] [8] [9] This dry stretch follows a period of severe drought in the state that began in 2020, in part due to climate change in California, [10] and which contributed to severe wildfire seasons in both 2020 and 2021.

In its April monthly seasonal outlook, the National Interagency Fire Center forecast above normal significant fire potential for the Bay Area, Mid Coast-Mendocino, and Sacramento Valley/Foothill areas beginning in May, due to the lack of seasonal precipitation, early start to the growing season, and long-term drought. [11] It also noted that "A further expansion of above normal significant fire potential is forecast across most elevations during June and July." The Northern California Geographic Coordination Center (commonly called 'North Ops') forecast stated that "Confidence is moderate to high for an early start to the significant large fire season." [12]

In Northern California, peak fire season begins in the early summer (June–July) and runs until late fall, varying year to year. In Southern California, the peak fire season begins in late spring (May–June) and runs until fall. [4] The precise timing varies according to annual and seasonal precipitation, as well as the occurrence of offshore wind events, such as the Santa Anas, Diablo winds, or sundowner winds. [4] However, fires are possible at any time of year in the state, particularly in drier Southern California.

Preparation

In anticipation of the 2022 California wildfire season, the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) increased its planned wildfire mitigation plan spending for 2022 to $5.96 billion, from $4.8 billion in 2021 and $4.46 billion in 2020. [13] The mitigation plan includes the 'undergrounding' of at least 175 miles of power lines in high-fire risk areas, the installation of 98 additional wildfire detection/monitoring cameras and 100 additional weather stations, the expansion of safety settings that cut off power when objects (such as trees or branches) contact power lines, and the continued implementation of public safety power shutoffs (PSPS) as a last resort during extreme fire weather conditions. [14] [15] These moves came after the company declared bankruptcy in 2019 over its liability for wildfire damage costs from the 2018 Camp Fire and 2017 Tubbs Fire, among others. PG&E pleaded guilty to 84 counts of involuntary manslaughter in the Camp Fire, shortly before the company exited bankruptcy in June 2020. In January 2022, Cal Fire determined that the Dixie Fire, the largest fire of the 2021 California wildfire season and largest non-complex fire in recorded California history, was caused by a tree contacting PG&E electrical distribution lines.

Firefighter shortages

The lead-in to the 2022 Western United States fire season was also marked by concerns about firefighting staffing. On March 15, 2022, Politico reported that United States Forest Service (USFS) officials had warned California employees that there had been "50 percent fewer applications submitted for GS3 through GS9 firefighting positions" compared to 2021, in part because of low pay, housing issues, and high cost of living. [16] The San Francisco Chronicle similarly reported that between 2019 and 2021, the number of U.S. Forest Service firefighters stationed in California dropped by more than 20%, or over 1,000 firefighters. [17] Testifying for the Senate Appropriations Committee on May 4, USFS Chief Randy Moore noted that in some areas, the USFS had only reached 50% of the staffing goal for wildland firefighters so far. Chief Moore cited competition in the labor market, including with private, county, and state organizations, such as Cal Fire, as a major reason for the hiring challenges. [18] During the peak of fire season, representatives of California's private timber industry called for firefighting reserves to be augmented by the U.S. military and the National Guard, but were resisted by federal and state officials who noted the cost of such efforts and the lack of extreme resource needs during the season so far. The state has been forced to seek military assistance in the past during severe fire seasons. [19]

Causes

Climate change

Anthropogenic climate change is partially responsible for driving increased wildfire severity in California. [20] [21] For instance, background warming has led to weather and vegetation conditions more favorable for wildfire activity even at night, which has typically been a period of reduced activity that allows crews to intensify efforts to suppress fires. [22]

Drought

The state of California is experiencing drought conditions on a number of timescales. The state saw very little precipitation in the January to March time period, with much of the state experiencing its driest such period. As of March 22, 2022, the National Drought Mitigation Center's U.S. Drought Monitor saw the entire state in moderate to extreme drought conditions. [23] In February, their Drought Severity and Coverage (DSCI) index, which measures cumulative dryness, was at 275, or nearly twice the 20-year average of approximately 146, according to the San Francisco Chronicle. [24] This dry period is part of an ongoing 22-year spell of drought in the North American West that marks the driest such period in at least 1,200 years, according to scientific research based on analysis of soil moisture deficits and tree rings. [25] [26]

The drought has impacted wildfire risk and severity in a number of ways. Increased dryness of fuels, driven by increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD), a measure of the aridity of the atmosphere, is behind an eightfold increase in the area burned by wildfires in the summer in California since 1972, according to scientific research. [27] Drought and overcrowding have also made forests more vulnerable not just to wildfires but bark beetle infestation, which has further weakened and killed forests. Total tree mortality since 2010 exceeds 172 million, providing plentiful fuel for wildfires. [28]

Forest management and fire suppression

Scientists believe that prior to European colonization, far more area—between 4.4 and 11.8 million acres—was burned on an annual basis in California than in modern history, as a combination of wildfires and indigenous controlled burning. [29] Beginning with the advent of the U.S. Forest Service's '10 AM policy', in which it sought to extinguish all fires by 10 AM the morning after their report, the primary method of wildfire management in California has been suppression. [30] The success of this approach has led to a surfeit of fuel, resulting in larger and more extreme fires.

Wildland-urban interface development

California, as with other areas of the United States and the world, has experienced a growing amount of human development into the wildland-urban interface, or WUI. This area consists of developed areas either adjacent to, or intermingled with, wildland vegetation and fuels. Such areas are more prone to wildfire ignitions and structure losses, increasing the risk and severity of fire seasons in California. [31] The 2018 Camp Fire and 2017 Tubbs Fire are two examples of recent California wildfires that resulted devastating losses in WUI communities.

List of wildfires

The following is a list of fires that burned more than 1,000 acres (400 ha), produced significant structural damage or casualties, or were otherwise notable. Acreage and containment figures may not be up to date.

NameCountyAcresStart dateContainment dateNotesRef
Airport Fire Inyo 4,136February 16, 2022February 26, 2022Unknown cause [32]
Coastal Fire Orange 200May 11, 2022May 17, 2022Unknown cause; burned into a neighborhood and destroyed 20 homes [33] [34]
Lost Lake Fire Riverside 5,856May 26, 2022June 8, 2022Unknown cause [35]
Thunder Fire Kern 2,500June 22, 2022June 27, 2022Likely caused by lightning strike [36] [37]
Roblar Fire Sonoma 63June 27, 2022June 27, 2022Unknown cause; 1 fatality from person trapped in a vehicle [38]
Electra Fire Amador, Calaveras 4,478July 4, 2022July 28, 2022Unknown cause, possibly fireworks from Fourth of July celebrations [39] [40]
Washburn Fire Mariposa, Madera 4,886July 7, 2022July 30, 2022Human caused, forced evacuations in Wawona and trail closures in Yosemite National Park; threatened Mariposa Grove [41] [42]
Oak Fire Mariposa 19,244July 22, 2022September 2, 2022Unknown cause, forced evacuations in Mariposa County. Destroyed 182 structures and damaged 10 structures [43]
McKinney Fire Siskiyou 60,138July 29, 2022September 7, 2022Possibly caused by power lines; destroyed 185 structures and caused 4 fatalities [44] [45] [46]
Yeti Fire Siskiyou 7,886July 29, 2022September 1, 2022Probable lightning caused, forced evacuations in Siskiyou County, originally named the China 2 fire [47]
Summit Fire Tulare 1,394August 3, 2022October 31, 2022Caused by lightning, was suppressed using indirect methods, burning in southern Sequoia National Park [48]
Red Fire Mariposa, Madera 8,364August 4, 2022September 28, 2022Lightning caused, burned in Yosemite National Park, not fully suppressed due to natural barriers [49]
Six Rivers Lightning Complex Humboldt, Trinity 41,596August 5, 2022November 3, 2022Caused mandatory evacuations in Trinity and Humboldt counties, composed of multiple lightning fires that eventually merged into the Campbell Fire and Ammon Fire [50] [51]
Rodgers Fire Tuolumne 2,790August 8, 2022September 26, 2022Lightning caused, burned in Yosemite National Park, not fully suppressed due to natural barriers [52]
Route Fire Los Angeles 5,208August 31, 2022September 7, 2022Burned near Interstate 5 and Castaic Lake, 1 structure destroyed and 7 firefighters injured [53] [54]
Border 32 Fire San Diego 4,456August 31, 2022September 5, 2022Burned near U.S./Mexico border, 10 structures destroyed [55]
Mill Fire Siskiyou 3,935September 2, 2022September 13, 2022Burned in/near communities of Weed and Lake Shastina, destroyed 118 structures, caused 2 fatalities [56]
Mountain Fire Siskiyou 13,440September 2, 2022September 21, 2022Burned 7 miles SW of Gazelle, 4 structures destroyed [57]
Radford Fire San Bernardino 1,079September 2, 2022September 30, 2022Burned near Big Bear Lake, has caused evacuations in the region [58]
Fairview Fire Riverside 28,307September 5, 2022October 5, 2022Burned near Hemet, caused 2 fatalities and destroyed 36 structures [59]
Mosquito Fire Placer, El Dorado 76,788September 6, 2022October 23, 2022Burned near Foresthill and caused evacuations in Placer and El Dorado County; destroyed 78 structures [60] [61] [62]
Barnes Fire Modoc 5,843September 7, 2022October 13, 2022Caused by lightning, burned near Fort Bidwell in the Warner Mountains [63]
Fork Fire Madera 819September 7, 2022September 13, 2022Caused by a vehicle, destroyed 43 structures near North Fork [64]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zaca Fire</span> 2007 wildfire in Southern California

The Zaca Fire was a very large wildfire in the San Rafael Mountains, northeast of the Santa Ynez Valley in Santa Barbara County, California. It was the single largest wildfire of the 2007 California wildfire season. The fire started on July 4, 2007, and by August 31, it had burned over 240,207 acres (972.083 km2), making it California's second largest fire in recorded history at that time after the Cedar Fire of 2003. As of 2024, it is California's 13th-largest recorded fire in modern history. The fire was contained on September 4, 2007, with the fire being brought under control on October 29, 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 California wildfires</span>

The 2009 California wildfires were a series of 9,159 wildfires that were active in the US state of California, during the year 2009. The fires burned more than 422,147 acres of land from early February through late November, due to Red Flag conditions, destroying hundreds of structures, injuring 134 people, and killing four. The wildfires also caused at least US$134.48 million in damage. Although the fires burned many different regions of California in August, the month was especially notable for several very large fires which burned in Southern California, despite being outside of the normal fire season for that region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 California wildfires</span>

The 2015 California wildfire season was a series of wildfires that burned across the state of California. By the end of 2015 a total of 8,745 fires were recorded, burning 893,362 acres (3,615 km2) across the state. Approximately 3,159 structures were damaged or destroyed by wildfires, and at least 7 fatalities were recorded.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rough Fire</span> 2015 wildfire in Central California

The Rough Fire was a major wildfire in Fresno County, California, and the largest of the 2015 California wildfire season. The fire was ignited by a lightning strike on July 31 and burned 151,623 acres (61,360 ha), largely in the Sierra National Forest and the Sequoia National Forest, before it was declared contained on November 6, 2015. At the time it occurred, the fire was the thirteenth largest in recorded California history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 California wildfires</span>

In 2016, a total of 7,349 fires had burned an area 669,534 acres (2,709.51 km2) in California, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 California wildfires</span>

In terms of property damage, 2017 was the most destructive wildfire season on record in California at the time, surpassed by only the 2018 season and the 2020 season, with a total of 9,560 fires burning 1,548,429 acres (6,266.27 km2) of land, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, including five of the 20 most destructive wildland-urban interface fires in the state's history. Throughout 2017, the fires destroyed or damaged more than 10,000 structures in the state, a higher tally than the previous nine years combined. State data showed that the large wildfires killed 47 people – 45 civilians and 2 firefighters – almost higher than the previous 10 years combined. The total property damage and total amount of burned land were both surpassed by the 2018 California wildfires.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mendocino Complex Fire</span> 2018 wildfire in Northern California

The Mendocino Complex Fire was a large complex of wildfires that burned in northern California for more than three months in 2018. It consisted of two wildfires, the River Fire and Ranch Fire, which burned in Mendocino, Lake, Colusa, and Glenn Counties in California, with the Ranch Fire being California's single-largest recorded wildfire at the time until the August Complex fire in 2020. The Ranch Fire burned eight miles northeast of Ukiah, and the River Fire burned six miles north of Hopland, to the south of the larger Ranch Fire. First reported on July 27, 2018, both fires burned a combined total of 459,123 acres (1,858 km2), before they were collectively 100% contained on September 18, though hotspots persisted until the complex was fully brought under control on January 4, 2019. The Ranch Fire alone burned 410,203 acres (1,660 km2), making it the largest wildfire in modern California history at the time until the August Complex fire that occurred in 2020. The Ranch Fire also surpassed the size of the 315,577-acre Rush Fire, which burned across California and Nevada, as well as the Santiago Canyon Fire of 1889, which was previously believed to have been California's all-time largest wildfire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 California wildfires</span>

The 2019 California wildfire season was a series of wildfires that burned across the U.S. state of California as part of the 2019 wildfire season. By the end of the year, according to Cal Fire and the US Forest Service, 7,860 fires were recorded, totaling an estimated of 259,823 acres of burned land. These fires caused 22 injuries, 3 fatalities, and damaged or destroyed 732 structures. The 2019 California fire season was less active than that of the two previous years, which set records for acreage, destructiveness, and deaths.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 California wildfires</span>

The 2020 California wildfire season, part of the 2020 Western United States wildfire season, was a record-setting year for wildfires in California. Over the course of the year, 8,648 fires burned 4,304,379 acres (1,741,920 ha), more than four percent of the state's roughly 100 million acres of land, making 2020 the largest wildfire season recorded in California's modern history. However, it is roughly equivalent to the pre-1800 levels which averaged around 4.4 million acres yearly and up to 12 million in peak years. California's August Complex fire has been described as the first "gigafire", burning over 1 million acres across seven counties, an area larger than the state of Rhode Island. The fires destroyed over 10,000 structures and cost over $12.079 billion in damages, including over $10 billion in property damage and $2.079 billion in fire suppression costs. The intensity of the fire season has been attributed to a combination of more than a century of poor forest management and higher temperatures resulting from climate change.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Western United States wildfire season</span>

The Western United States experienced a series of major wildfires in 2020. Severe August thunderstorms ignited numerous wildfires across California, Oregon, and Washington, followed in early September by additional ignitions across the West Coast. Fanned by strong, gusty winds and fueled by hot, dry terrains, many of the fires exploded and coalesced into record-breaking megafires, burning more than 10.2 million acres of land, mobilizing tens of thousands of firefighters, razing over ten thousand buildings, and killing at least 37 people. The fires caused over $19.884 billion in damages, including $16.5 billion in property damage and $3.384 billion in fire suppression costs. Climate change and poor forest management practices contributed to the severity of the wildfires.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 California wildfires</span>

The 2021 California wildfire season was a series of wildfires that burned across the U.S. state of California. By the end of 2021 a total of 8,835 fires were recorded, burning 2,568,948 acres (1,039,616 ha) across the state. Approximately 3,629 structures were damaged or destroyed by the wildfires, and at least seven firefighters and two civilians were injured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Oregon wildfires</span> 2021 wildfire season in the U.S. state of Oregon

The 2021 Oregon wildfire season began in May 2021. More than 1,000 fires had burned at least 518,303 acres (209,750 ha) across the state as of July 21, 2021. As of August 1, it was expected that the fires might not be contained for months.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Arizona wildfires</span> Wildfires in Arizona during spring and summer 2021

The 2021 Arizona wildfire season was a series of wildfires that burned across the state of Arizona, United States. Wildfires across the state burned 524,428 acres (212,228 ha) of land in at least 1,773 fires throughout the state, fueled in part by a drought, hot temperatures, and thunderstorms producing dry lightning. At one point in late June, over 20 active wildfires were burning across the state.

The 2021 New Mexico wildfire season began in February 7, 2021. As of July 7, there have been at least 363 fires across the state that have burned at least 121,277 acres (49,079 ha).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Colorado wildfires</span> Wildfires in the US

The 2021 Colorado wildfire season was a series of wildfires that burned throughout the U.S. state of Colorado. According to the National Interagency Fire Center, as of July 1, 2021, at least 32,860 acres (13,300 ha) of land had burned in at least 337 wildland fires across the state. Hundreds of homes were burned, and the cities of Louisville and Superior were evacuated, during the Boulder County fires in late December.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caldor Fire</span> 2021 wildfire in Northern California

The Caldor Fire was a large wildfire that burned 221,835 acres in the Eldorado National Forest and other areas of the Sierra Nevada in El Dorado, Amador, and Alpine County, California, in the United States during the 2021 California wildfire season. The fire was first reported on Saturday, August 14, 2021, and was fully contained on Thursday, October 21, 2021. The Caldor Fire destroyed 1,005 structures and damaged 81 more, primarily in the US Highway 50 corridor and in the community of Grizzly Flats, 2/3 of which was destroyed by the fire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 California wildfires</span>

The 2023 California wildfire season was a series of significant wildfires that burned in the U.S. state of California during the calendar year. According to statistics published by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, a total of 7,127 fires burned a total of 324,917 acres. This was below the state's five-year average of 1,722,059 acres (696,893 ha) burned during the same period. The 2023 fire season followed the 2022 season, during which the number of fires and the resulting burned acreage were both below average. Four fatalities were reported during the 2023 fire season.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rocky Fire</span> 2015 wildfire in Northern California

The Rocky Fire was a large wildfire in Lake, Colusa, and Yolo counties in Northern California in 2015. The fire burned 69,438 acres between its ignition on July 29 and its full containment on August 14. Caused by a malfunctioning water heater being used for illegal cannabis cultivation, the fire destroyed 96 structures and was the fifth largest fire of the 2015 fire season in California.

References

  1. ↑ "2022 Fire Season". Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  2. ↑ Smith, Hayley; Wigglesworth, Alex (June 10, 2022). "A treacherous California fire season made more dangerous by drought, water restrictions". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  3. ↑ "Cal Fire Stats and Events: Current Year Statistics". Cal Fire. Archived from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 "Fire Season Climatology | NWCG". www.nwcg.gov. Archived from the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 Smith, Hayley (November 19, 2022). "'We got really lucky': Why California escaped another destructive fire season in 2022". Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on February 2, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  6. ↑ Shao, Elena (December 20, 2022). "Why California's 2022 Wildfire Season Was Unexpectedly Quiet". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 2, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  7. ↑ Sabalow, Ryan (March 22, 2022). "'Historic dry conditions': California warns of water cuts due to drought's third year". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  8. ↑ Becker, Rachel (February 16, 2022). "No end in sight: California drought on course to break another record". CalMatters. Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  9. ↑ Dress, Bradley (March 18, 2022). "California announces reduced supply to water agencies amid third year of drought". TheHill. Archived from the original on March 20, 2022. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  10. ↑ Newburger, Emma (February 14, 2022). "Western drought fueled by climate change is the worst in 1,200 years, scientists say". CNBC. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  11. ↑ Predictive Services, National Interagency Fire Center (April 1, 2022). "National Significant Wildland Fire Potential Outlook" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  12. ↑ "Northern Operations Monthly/Seasonal Outlooks" (PDF). March 1, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 10, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  13. ↑ Kasler, Dale (February 25, 2022). "After California's massive Dixie Fire, PG&E to ramp up spending on wildfire safety in 2022". The Sacramento Bee .
  14. ↑ "Wildfire Mitigation Plan". www.pge.com. Archived from the original on March 20, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  15. ↑ "PG&E Drives Greater Wildfire Safety While Keeping Customer Bill Impacts Essentially Flat Over Previous Proposal". PG&E News Releases. February 25, 2022. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  16. ↑ Bustillo, Ximena (March 15, 2022). "'Pretty brutal': Hiring woes plague Biden effort to contain wildfires". POLITICO. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  17. ↑ Alexander, Kurtis (March 18, 2022). "California fire season is coming. And firefighter ranks have plunged 20%". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  18. ↑ "Forest Service Chief says in some areas only 50% of firefighter positions are filled". Wildfire Today. May 5, 2022. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  19. ↑ Phillips, Anna (August 23, 2022). "California's timber industry is calling on the military to help control fires". The Washington Post . Research by Vanessa Montalbano. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
  20. ↑ Mulkern, Anne C. (August 24, 2020). "Fast-Moving California Wildfires Boosted by Climate Change". Scientific American. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
  21. ↑ Williams, A. Park; Abatzoglou, John T.; Gershunov, Alexander; Guzman-Morales, Janin; Bishop, Daniel A.; Balch, Jennifer K.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P. (2019). "Observed Impacts of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Wildfire in California". Earth's Future. 7 (8): 892–910. Bibcode:2019EaFut...7..892W. doi: 10.1029/2019EF001210 . ISSN   2328-4277.
  22. ↑ McGough, Michael (February 24, 2022). "'Another reason to lose sleep': California fires are growing more intense at night, study shows". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  23. ↑ "| U.S. Drought Monitor". droughtmonitor.unl.edu. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  24. ↑ Jung, Yoohyun (February 25, 2022). "Drought maps show California is even drier than last year in some parts of the state". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 26, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  25. ↑ Williams, A. Park; Cook, Benjamin I.; Smerdon, Jason E. (February 14, 2022). "Rapid intensification of the emerging southwestern North American megadrought in 2020–2021". Nature Climate Change. 12 (3): 232–234. Bibcode:2022NatCC..12..232W. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01290-z. ISSN   1758-6798. S2CID   246815806. Archived from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  26. ↑ Alexander, Kurtis (February 14, 2022). "California slips into its worst mega-drought in 1,200 years — it's partly our fault". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 26, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  27. ↑ Williams, A. Park; Abatzoglou, John T.; Gershunov, Alexander; Guzman-Morales, Janin; Bishop, Daniel A.; Balch, Jennifer K.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P. (July 15, 2019). "Observed Impacts of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Wildfire in California". Earth's Future. 7 (8): 892–910. Bibcode:2019EaFut...7..892W. doi: 10.1029/2019ef001210 . ISSN   2328-4277. S2CID   199105541.
  28. ↑ Alexander, Kurtis (February 27, 2022). "Drought, fires and beetles — California's forests are dying. Is it too late to save them?". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 26, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  29. ↑ Weil, Elizabeth (August 28, 2020). "They Know How to Prevent Megafires. Why Won't Anybody Listen?". ProPublica. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  30. ↑ "U.S. Forest Service Fire Suppression". Forest History Society. Archived from the original on March 26, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  31. ↑ "Most California Fires Occur in Area of Wildland-urban Interface with Less Fuel and More People". www.nrs.fs.fed.us. Archived from the original on March 20, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  32. ↑ "CALFIRE: Airport Fire Incident". Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
  33. ↑ "CALFIRE: Coastal Fire Incident". Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
  34. ↑ "Coastal Fire destroys at least 20 homes in Laguna Niguel". cbsnews.com. May 12, 2022. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
  35. ↑ "Lost Lake Fire Incident Report". www.fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  36. ↑ "Thunder Fire Incident Report". www.fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  37. ↑ Mayer, Steven (June 24, 2022). "Firefighters appear to be gaining foothold on Thunder Fire near the Grapevine". bakersfield.com. The Bakersfield Californian. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  38. ↑ Minkler, Alana; Atagi, Colin (June 27, 2022). "1 person dies in 63-acre Roblar Fire in western Sonoma County". The Press Democrat. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  39. ↑ "Amador County's Electra Fire could have been started by fireworks, sheriff says". KTVU. July 7, 2022. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2022.
  40. ↑ "Electra Fire Incident Report". www.fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  41. ↑ "Washburn Fire Incident Overview". InciWeb Incident Information System. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022.
  42. ↑ "Washburn Fire Incident Report". www.fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on July 9, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022.
  43. ↑ "Oak Fire Incident Report". www.fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on July 23, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2022.
  44. ↑ "McKinney Fire Incident Report". www.fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  45. ↑ Medina, Eduardo (July 31, 2022). "McKinney Fire Becomes California's Largest of 2022, Burning 52,000 Acres". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  46. ↑ Salahieh, Nouran; Dominguez, Claudia (August 1, 2022). "2 dead in the McKinney Fire in Northern California, the state's largest blaze this year". CNN . Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  47. ↑ "Yeti and Alex Fires Information". InciWeb. Archived from the original on August 3, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  48. ↑ "Summit Fire Information". InciWeb - Incident Information System. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  49. ↑ "Red Fire Information". InciWeb. Archived from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  50. ↑ "Six Rivers (SRF) Lightning Complex Incident Report". www.fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  51. ↑ "Six Rivers Lightning Complex Information". InciWeb. Archived from the original on August 10, 2022. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  52. ↑ "Rodgers Information". InciWeb. Archived from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  53. ↑ "Route Fire Incident Report". fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  54. ↑ Elamroussi, Aya (September 1, 2022). "Evacuations ordered as a wildfire rages in northern Los Angeles County". CNN. Archived from the original on September 1, 2022. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  55. ↑ "Border 32 Incident Report". fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  56. ↑ "Mill Fire Incident Report". fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  57. ↑ "Mountain Fire Incident Report". www.fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  58. ↑ "Radford Incident Information". InciWeb - Incident Information System. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  59. ↑ "Fairview Fire Incident Report". www.fire.ca.gov. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  60. ↑ "Mosquito Fire Incident Report". CalFire. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  61. ↑ "Mosquito Fire Information". InciWeb. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  62. ↑ YubaNet (September 7, 2022). "Mosquito, Oxbow Reservoir". YubaNet. Archived from the original on September 11, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  63. ↑ "Barnes Fire Information". InciWeb - Incident Information System. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  64. ↑ "Fork Fire Incident Report". CalFire. Archived from the original on September 11, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.