2014 California wildfires | |
---|---|
Statistics [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] | |
Total fires | 7,865 |
Total area | 625,540 acres (2,531 km2) [6] |
Impacts | |
Deaths | 4 confirmed |
Non-fatal injuries | At least 146 |
Structures destroyed | 650 [7] |
Damage | At least $204.05 million (2014 USD) |
Map | |
A map of wildfires in California in 2014, using Cal Fire data | |
Season | |
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2014 saw several notable wildfires igniting in California, especially during the month of May, when multiple fires were ablaze concurrently in Southern California, and during September, when several massive wildfires were burning in Northern California. In the context of the 2012–13 North American drought (especially the 2011–17 California drought), as well as powerful Santa Ana winds, weather conditions were ideal for wildfires. A total of 7,865 wildfires ignited throughout the year, which burned at least 625,540 acres (2,531.5 km2) of land. [4] [6] The wildfires caused a total of 146 injuries and 2 fatalities, in addition to causing at least $204.05 million (2014 USD) in damage.
The season began unusually early when a wildfire ignited on January 1, followed by 6 more fires igniting later within the same month. During a heat wave and dry Santa Ana conditions in May 2014, multiple wildfires broke out simultaneously in San Diego County, along with several other wildfires elsewhere in California. By mid-May, fire officials said they had already dealt with 1,400 wildfires in California in 2014 - twice the normal amount for that time of year - and a spokesman for CAL FIRE described the conditions as "unprecedented." [8] The May 2014 San Diego County wildfires were estimated to have caused at least $60 million (2014 USD) in damage. [3] In late June to early August, another group of wildfires ignited across the state, some of which reached over twenty thousand acres in size. In mid-September, the largest group of wildfires erupted, with some wildfires becoming larger than 50,000 acres in size. In early September 2014, the Happy Complex Fire became the largest wildfire of the season, eventually topping out at 135,369 acres (54,782 ha) in size on September 27. On October 8, an aerial tanker crashed during a firefighting effort at the Dog Rock Fire, which killed the pilot and sparked a small wildfire. [2] From late September to late October, the latest flare-up of major wildfires were extinguished by cooler weather and precipitation.
From December 10–13, a powerful winter storm extinguished the remaining wildfires that were present. In mid-December through late December, several more small wildfires sparked, but they were all extinguished by December 31.
In 2014, a study examined the human role in growing California wildfire risks. [9] The paper is titled "Extreme fire season in California: A glimpse into the future?" It was published as the second chapter of "Explaining Extreme Events of 2014", by the American Meteorological Society. [10] The authors also projected into the future, and the predicted results showed increases in the drought index, the area under extreme threat of fires, and the days of fire danger, stating that, "The increase in extreme fire risk is expected within the coming decade to exceed that of natural variability and this serves as an indication that anthropogenic climate warming will likely play a significant role in influence California’s fire season." [10]
Below is a list of all fires that exceeded 1,000 acres (400 ha) during the 2014 California wildfire season, as well as the fires that caused significant damage. [11] The list is taken from CAL FIRE's list of large fires.
Name | County | Acres | Km2 | Start Date | Containment Date | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soda | Tulare | 1,612 | 6.5 | January 14, 2014 | February 15, 2014 | [11] | |
Colby | Los Angeles | 1,952 | 7.9 | January 16, 2014 | January 21, 2014 | 15 structures destroyed | [12] |
Etiwanda | San Bernardino | 2,200 | 8.9 | April 30, 2014 | May 9, 2014 | [13] | |
Bernardo | San Diego | 1,548 | 6.3 | May 13, 2014 | May 17, 2014 | [14] | |
Tomahawk | San Diego | 5,367 | 21.7 | May 14, 2014 | May 19, 2014 | [15] | |
Poinsettia | San Diego | 600 | 2.4 | May 14, 2014 | May 17, 2014 | 28 structures destroyed | [16] |
Cocos | San Diego | 1,995 | 8.1 | May 14, 2014 | May 22, 2014 | 40 structures destroyed | [17] |
Pulgas | San Diego | 14,416 | 58.3 | May 15, 2014 | May 21, 2014 | [18] | |
San Mateo | San Diego | 1,457 | 5.9 | May 16, 2014 | May 20, 2014 | [19] | |
Shirley | Kern | 2,545 | 10.3 | June 13, 2014 | June 22, 2014 | 2 structures destroyed | [20] |
Stony | Monterey | 4,840 | 19.6 | June 19, 2014 | June 22, 2014 | [11] | |
Butts | Napa | 4,300 | 17.4 | July 1, 2014 | July 9, 2014 | 9 structures destroyed, 2 civilian fatalities | [21] |
Modoc July Complex | Modoc | 2,566 | 10.4 | July 1, 2014 | July 7, 2014 | [11] | |
Monticello | Yolo | 6,488 | 26.3 | July 4, 2014 | July 12, 2014 | [22] | |
Bully | Shasta | 12,661 | 51.2 | July 11, 2014 | July 28, 2014 | 20 structures destroyed 1 civilian fatality | [23] |
Nicolls | Kern | 1,680 | 6.8 | July 11, 2014 | July 19, 2014 | [24] | |
Dark Hole | Mariposa | 1,077 | 4.4 | July 16, 2014 | August 20, 2014 | [25] | |
Sand | El Dorado | 4,240 | 17.2 | July 25, 2014 | September 2, 2014 | 67 structures destroyed | [26] |
Kelley | Merced | 1,000 | 4.0 | July 26, 2014 | July 29, 2014 | [11] | |
El Portal | Mariposa | 4,689 | 19.0 | July 26, 2014 | August 4, 2014 | 2 structures destroyed | [27] |
French | Madera | 13,838 | 56.0 | July 28, 2014 | August 18, 2014 | [28] | |
Day | Modoc | 13,153 | 53.2 | July 30, 2014 | August 13, 2014 | 10 structures destroyed | [29] |
Lodge Complex | Mendocino | 12,535 | 50.7 | July 30, 2014 | August 9, 2014 | [30] | |
Bald | Shasta | 39,736 | 160.8 | July 30, 2014 | August 16, 2014 | [31] | |
Coffee Complex | Trinity | 6,178 | 25.0 | July 30, 2014 | August 16, 2014 | [32] | |
Beaver | Siskiyou | 32,496 | 131.5 | July 30, 2014 | August 30, 2014 | 6 structures destroyed | [33] |
Little Deer | Siskiyou | 5,503 | 22.3 | July 31, 2014 | August 11, 2014 | 1 structure destroyed | [34] |
Eiler | Shasta | 32,416 | 131.2 | July 31, 2014 | August 24, 2014 | 21 structures destroyed | [35] |
July Complex | Siskiyou | 50,042 | 202.5 | August 3, 2014 | September 25, 2014 | 2 structures destroyed | [36] |
Happy Camp Complex | Siskiyou | 134,056 | 542.5 | August 14, 2014 | October 31, 2014 | 6 structures destroyed | [37] |
Meadow | Mariposa | 4,772 | 19.3 | August 15, 2014 | September 29, 2014 | [38] | |
Way | Kern | 4,045 | 16.4 | August 18, 2014 | August 28, 2014 | 12 structures destroyed | [39] |
Gulch | Shasta | 1,375 | 5.6 | September 10, 2014 | September 16, 2014 | 4 structures destroyed | [40] |
King | El Dorado | 97,717 | 395.4 | September 13, 2014 | October 9, 2014 | 80 structures destroyed | [41] |
Courtney | Madera | 320 | 1.3 | September 14, 2014 | September 21, 2014 | 49 structures destroyed | [42] |
Boles | Siskiyou | 516 | 2.1 | September 15, 2014 | October 11, 2014 | 157 structures destroyed | [43] |
Dog Rock | Mariposa | 311 | 1.3 | October 7, 2014 | October 12, 2014 | 1 firefighter killed | [44] |
In May 2014, a series of at least 20 wildfires broke out in San Diego County during severe Santa Ana Wind conditions, historic drought conditions, and a heat wave. The main event during mid-May was preceded by a precursor fire that ignited on May 5. The severe weather conditions contributed to the spread of at least 19 more individual wildfires, with ten of them receiving names. The Cocos Fire, which was the most destructive with 40 structured being destroyed, was determined to have been caused by arson. [45] The causes of the other fires are still under investigation by multiple agencies, and a joint task force was formed to coordinate the investigations and facilitate communications. [46] Six injuries and one fire-related fatality were reported.
At 2:00 PM PDT on May 13, the Miguelito Fire broke out off Santa Miguelito Canyon Road in Lompoc, Santa Barbara County. Over the course of the next week and a half, the fire gradually expanded northward to 632 acres (256 ha) towards the direction of Lompoc, before firefighters managed to stop its expansion on May 16. The fire threatened 1,200 buildings in Lompoc, prompting evacuation orders for the affected areas. On May 16, evacuation orders were lifted, after the fire was reported to be 95% contained. At 9:20 AM PDT on May 19, the Miguelito Fire was reported to be 100% contained. No structural damage or injuries were reported. [47]
On May 27, at 3:00 PM PDT, the Hunters Fire broke out at Hunters Valley Access Road Bear Valley Area, in Mariposa County. The fire spread toward populated areas and evacuations were ordered for the Hunters Valley Area. [48]
On June 19, at 3:14 PM PDT, the Stony Fire was reported at Stony Valley Range on Fort Hunter Liggett, in Monterey County. The wildfire quickly spread to 5,000 acres (2,000 ha), but it was 100% contained by June 20. [49] Moderate amounts of smoke still lingered within the area, and cleanup work was expected to continue for the next few days. The Nacimiento-Ferguson Road was also closed due to downed trees, but was expected to reopen a couple of days later. No evacuations were ordered for this fire, and no injuries or fatalities were reported. The cause of the wildfire is currently under investigation.
On July 1, at 12:08 PM PDT, the Butts Fire broke out near Butts Canyon Road in Pope Valley, California, northwest of Lake Berryessa, in Yolo County. [50] [51]
The Banner Fire erupted around 10:30 AM PDT on July 3, 2014 in the Banner, California area, near Route 78 in San Diego County. It quickly spread westward and expanded to 150 acres (61 ha), threatening the town of Julian. Portions of Route 78 were closed, and mandatory evacuation was ordered for 200 homes; however, the evacuation order was lifted later that evening, as the containment of the wildfire's perimeter increased. Two homes were destroyed, but the heavy use of firefighting planes and helicopters prevented additional losses. [52]
The fire was reported around 9:30 p.m. on Friday, July 4, and quickly grew in size, due to dry and erratic windy conditions. [53] By 11 PM that night, the fire was 100 acres in size, and by 4 AM the next morning, it was already 1,000 acres, according to Winters City Manager John Donlevy, who added that, "...the hills are literally tinder-dry." [54] Highway 128 west of Winters was shut down due to the fire while thirty-four structures at Golden Bear Estates were immediately threatened, resulting in the mandatory evacuation of residents in that area. [54] A separate voluntary evacuation order for the Canyon Creek Resort campground was also put into effect but lifted later that day. [54] As the fire burned north into rugged, steep terrain, access to the area became difficult, limiting firefighting operations. [53] An American Red Cross Shelter was immediately set up at Winters Community Center at 4 a.m. that Saturday morning for over 40 evacuees. [54]
By Saturday afternoon, on July 5, the fire had reportedly tripped in size to over 5,000 acres (2,000 ha), while containment hovered at a mere 15 percent. [55]
On Sunday, July 6, containment of the Monticello fire grew to 30 percent, while at least 1,275 firefighters were reported battling the blaze. [56] Fire conditions remained volatile as wind directors switched several times throughout the day, reached gusts of up to 20 mph. [56]
All evacuation orders were lifted on Monday, July 7, as containment of the fire grew to 45 percent, with over 1,750 fire personnel on hand. [57] Within the following days, containment lines grew and by July 11, the incident was 95 percent contained with investigators still trying to determine the cause of the fire. [58] The fire was finally contained on July 12, after destroying 6,488 acres (26.26 km2), however no structures were damaged. [59] The cause of the fire was later determined to be firework-related. [60]
The Sand Fire was ignited in El Dorado County, five miles north of the Amador County town of Plymouth, on July 25, at 4:34 PM PDT, by a vehicle driving over dry vegetation. [61] A total of 4,240 acres (1,720 ha) were burned, claiming 20 residences and 47 outbuildings. Twelve hundred residences were evacuated before full containment of the wildfire was achieved on August 2. [62]
On September 10, a car fire started a fire in the Bella Vista area. [63] On September 16, the Gulch Fire was fully contained after burning 1,375 acres (556 ha). [64] The wildfire has also injured a total of 4 people. [64] The damage caused by the Gulch Fire is currently unknown.
The Witch Creek Fire, also known as the Witch Fire, was the second-largest wildfire of the 2007 California wildfire season, burning 197,990 acres (801 km2) of land in San Diego County. Fanned by powerful Santa Ana winds, the Witch Creek Fire rapidly spread westward and consumed large portions of San Diego County. During its duration, flames reached 80 to 100 feet high, and the Witch Fire exhibited the characteristics of a firestorm at its height.
The 2008 California wildfire season was one of the most devastating in the state of the 21st century. While 6,255 fires occurred, about two-thirds as many as in 2007, the total area burned— 1,593,690 acres —far exceeded that of previous years.
The Freeway Complex Fire was a 2008 wildfire in the Santa Ana Canyon area of Orange County, California. The fire started as two separate fires on November 15, 2008. The Freeway Fire started first shortly after 9 am with the Landfill Fire igniting approximately 2 hours later. These two separate fires merged a day later and ultimately destroyed 314 residences in Anaheim Hills and Yorba Linda.
The Poinsettia Fire was the second most destructive of the May 2014 San Diego County wildfires. It caused property damage estimated at $22.5 million, as well as the only reported fatality in the San Diego County series of wildfires. As of July 10, 2014, the cause of the fire is listed as "undetermined", which allows for further investigation if more information comes to light.
The May 2014 San Diego County wildfires were a swarm of 20 wildfires that erupted during May 2014, in San Diego County, California, during severe Santa Ana Wind conditions, historic drought conditions, and a heat wave. The main event during mid-May was preceded by a precursor fire that ignited on May 5. The Bernardo Fire has been declared accidental, and officials believe the Cocos Fire was intentionally set. The causes of the other fires are still under investigation by multiple agencies, and a joint task force was formed to coordinate the investigations and facilitate communications. Six injuries and one fire-related fatality were reported.
Cocos Fire, originally known as the Twin Oaks Fire, was a wildfire that ignited on May 14, 2014 in San Marcos, California, in the hills south of California State University, San Marcos. The Cocos Fire quickly spread into western Escondido. The fire destroyed more than 40 buildings, including a dozen single-family homes. The Harmony Grove Spiritualist Association, a 13-acre spiritualist retreat founded in 1896, was particularly hard hit; most of the buildings and residences on the property were destroyed, and the association's president said, "We're pretty much wiped out." Property damage from the fire is estimated at more than $5.7 million. Three minor injuries have been reported. The Cocos Fire was the last of the May 2014 wildfires in San Diego County to be extinguished, with full containment on May 22, 2014.
The Boles Fire was a wildfire that burned in Siskiyou County during mid-September 2014. On September 15, at 1:38 p.m. PDT, the Boles Fire ignited near Weed, California. Later on the same day, at 10:30 p.m. PDT, the Boles Fire was reported at 350 acres and 15% containment. Over 100 structures were reported damaged or destroyed on that day. Later that day, the wildfire was reported at nearly 100% containment; however, this report turned out to be erroneous. On September 16, the Boles Fire had burned 375 acres (152 ha) and was only 20% contained. It also destroyed 150 residences and forced the evacuation of 1,500 people in Weed and Siskiyou County.
The Happy Camp Complex Fire was a massive wildfire that broke out on August 12, 2014, at 1:00 AM PDT, as a result of a lightning strikes in the Klamath National Forest in Northern California. The fire, which would eventually consume 134,056 acres (543 km2) of land, was the largest fire of the 2014 California wildfire season and as of 2018, ranks 20th on the list of largest fires in state history.
The October 2007 California wildfires, also known as the Fall 2007 California firestorm, were a series of about thirty wildfires that began igniting across Southern California on October 20. At least 1,500 homes were destroyed and approximately 972,147 acres of land was burned from Santa Barbara County to the U.S.–Mexico border, surpassing the October 2003 California wildfires in scope, which were estimated to have burned 800,000 acres (3,200 km2). The wildfires killed a total of 14 people, with nine of them dying directly from the fires; 160 others were injured, including at least 124 firefighters. At their height, the raging fires were visible from space. These fires included the vast majority of the largest and deadliest wildfires of the 2007 California wildfire season. The only wildfire in 2007 that surpassed any of the individual October 2007 fires in size was the Zaca Fire.
The Bully Fire was a wildfire in Shasta County.
The Tomahawk Fire was the second-largest wildfire of the May 2014 San Diego County wildfires, behind the Pulgas Fire. The fire, which started on May 14 around 9:45 AM, on the Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach Detachment Fallbrook, scorched 5,367 acres (21.72 km2). The Fallbrook Naval Weapons Station is on the eastern side of, and provides an entry point to, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton and is adjacent to the community of Fallbrook. Evacuation orders were issued for several schools and housing areas, as well as the Fallbrook Naval Weapons Station and the closed San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station. By 8 PM PDT on May 14, the Tomahawk Fire had reached a size of 6,000 acres (2,400 ha). On May 16, the fire had burned 6,300 acres (2,500 ha), and it was 23% contained. By May 17, it had burned 6,500 acres (2,600 ha) and was 65% contained. During the evening of May 18, the fire was reported to be 100% contained.
The Lilac Fire was a fire that burned in northern San Diego County, California, United States, and the second-costliest one of multiple wildfires that erupted in Southern California in December 2017. The fire was first reported on December 7, 2017, burned 4,100 acres (1,659 ha), and destroyed 157 structures, before it was fully contained on December 16. The fire cost at least $8.9 million, including $5 million in firefighting expenses and property damage, and an additional $3.9 million in cleanup and erosion control costs. The fire threatened the communities of Bonsall, Oceanside, Vista, Fallbrook, and Camp Pendleton. During the fire, an estimated 10,000 residents were forced to evacuate, while a total of over 100,000 residents were forced to or advised to evacuate. On December 7, the Lilac Fire also cut the power to 20,000 people.
The Klamath Theater Complex Fire, also known as the Bear Wallow Complex Fire, was the largest wildfire of the 2008 California wildfire season. The complex fire originated as 11 separate wildfires, before merging into a single massive complex fire that burned 192,038 acres (777.15 km2) in Northern California, and lasted for over 3 months. The progenitor fires of the fire complex were all caused by lightning. As of 2024, the Klamath Theater Complex Fire was the 19th largest fire in modern California history. The complex fire killed a total of two firefighters.
The Carr Fire was a large wildfire that burned in Shasta and Trinity Counties in California, United States. The fire burned 229,651 acres, before it was 100% contained late on August 30, 2018. The Carr Fire destroyed at least 1,604 structures while damaging 277 others, becoming at the time the sixth-most destructive fire in California history, as well as the fourteenth-largest wildfire recorded in modern California history. The Carr Fire cost over $1.659 billion in damages, including $1.5 billion in insured losses and more than $158.7 million in suppression costs. The fire destroyed multiple towns around Whiskeytown Lake. At its height, the fire engaged as many as 4,766 personnel from multiple agencies. The fire was reported on the afternoon of July 23, 2018, near the intersection of Highway 299 and Carr Powerhouse Road, at mile marker 9, in the Whiskeytown district of the Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area. Coincidental to the name of the incident, the fire was started when a flat tire on a vehicle caused the wheel's rim to scrape against the asphalt, creating sparks that set off the fire.
The Mendocino Complex Fire was a large complex of wildfires that burned in northern California for more than three months in 2018. It consisted of two wildfires, the River Fire and Ranch Fire, which burned in Mendocino, Lake, Colusa, and Glenn Counties in the U.S. State of California, with the Ranch Fire being California's single-largest recorded wildfire at the time until the August Complex fire in 2020. The Ranch Fire burned eight miles northeast of Ukiah, and the River Fire burned six miles north of Hopland, to the south of the larger Ranch Fire. First reported on July 27, 2018, both fires burned a combined total of 459,123 acres (1,858 km2), before they were collectively 100% contained on September 18, though hotspots persisted until the complex was fully brought under control on January 4, 2019. The Ranch Fire alone burned 410,203 acres (1,660 km2), making it the largest wildfire in modern California history at the time until the August Complex fire that occurred in 2020. The Ranch Fire also surpassed the size of the 315,577-acre Rush Fire, which burned across California and Nevada, as well as the Santiago Canyon Fire of 1889, which was previously believed to have been California's all-time largest wildfire.
The Natchez Fire was a wildfire that burned near the California and Oregon border in Siskiyou County, California, in the United States. The Natchez Fire began on July 15, 2018, due to lightning, and the fire burned a total of 38,134 acres before it was fully contained on October 30, 2018.
The Delta Fire was a 2018 wildfire that burned near Lakehead, California, in the Shasta National Forest. The fire burned 63,311 acres (256 km2) and destroyed 20 structures, before it was 100% contained on October 7, 2018. The fire burned into the western flank of the nearby Hirz Fire on September 10, and also burned only a couple of miles away from the enormous Carr Fire, the seventh-most destructive fire in Californian history.
The LNU Lightning Complex fires were a large complex of wildfires that burned during the 2020 California wildfire season across much of the Wine Country area of Northern California – Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Solano, and Yolo Counties, from August 17 to October 2, 2020. The complex was composed of numerous lightning-sparked fires, most of which were small. While they ignited separately from each other, the Hennessey Fire eventually grew to merge with the Gamble, Green, Markley, Spanish, and Morgan fires, scorching 192,000 acres (777 km2) by itself, for a total burn area of 363,220 acres (1,470 km2) in the complex. The fire, which burned in the hills surrounding several large cities, such as Fairfield, Napa, and Vacaville, destroyed 1,491 structures and damaged a further 232. In all, six people were killed and another five injured. The LNU Lightning Complex is the seventh-largest wildfire in the recorded history of California.
The Electra Fire was a wildfire that burned northeast of Mokelumne Hill in Amador and Calaveras Counties, California that started on July 4, 2022. The wildfire burned a total of 4,478 acres (1,812 ha) and was fully contained on July 28, 2022.
The Fairview Fire is a deadly and destructive wildfire that burned during the 2022 California wildfire season southwest of Valle Vista and east of Hemet in Riverside County, California in the United States. The fire ignited on September 5, 2022, during a severe heatwave that had plagued much of the southwest throughout early September and, due to the extreme weather conditions, grew to a deadly and destructive conflagration in the chaparral-filled foothills within just several hours of igniting.