2014 California wildfires

Last updated

2014 California wildfires
May 2014 California Wildfires close-up.jpg
Satellite image of the wildfires in Southern California and Baja California, on May 15, 2014.
Statistics [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Total fires7,865
Total area625,540 acres (2,531 km2) [6]
Impacts
Deaths4 confirmed
Non-fatal injuriesAt least 146
Structures destroyed650 [7]
DamageAt least $204.05 million (2014 USD)
Map
2014 California wildfires map.png
A map of wildfires in California in 2014, using Cal Fire data
Season
  2013
2015  

2014 saw several notable wildfires igniting in California, especially during the month of May, when multiple fires were ablaze concurrently in Southern California, and during September, when several massive wildfires were burning in Northern California. In the context of the 2012–13 North American drought (especially the 2011–17 California drought), as well as powerful Santa Ana winds, weather conditions were ideal for wildfires. A total of 7,865 wildfires ignited throughout the year, which burned at least 625,540 acres (2,531.5 km2) of land. [4] [6] The wildfires caused a total of 146 injuries and 2 fatalities, in addition to causing at least $204.05 million (2014 USD) in damage.

Contents

The season began unusually early when a wildfire ignited on January 1, followed by 6 more fires igniting later within the same month. During a heat wave and dry Santa Ana conditions in May 2014, multiple wildfires broke out simultaneously in San Diego County, along with several other wildfires elsewhere in California. By mid-May, fire officials said they had already dealt with 1,400 wildfires in California in 2014 - twice the normal amount for that time of year - and a spokesman for CAL FIRE described the conditions as "unprecedented." [8] The May 2014 San Diego County wildfires were estimated to have caused at least $60 million (2014 USD) in damage. [3] In late June to early August, another group of wildfires ignited across the state, some of which reached over twenty thousand acres in size. In mid-September, the largest group of wildfires erupted, with some wildfires becoming larger than 50,000 acres in size. In early September 2014, the Happy Complex Fire became the largest wildfire of the season, eventually topping out at 135,369 acres (54,782 ha) in size on September 27. On October 8, an aerial tanker crashed during a firefighting effort at the Dog Rock Fire, which killed the pilot and sparked a small wildfire. [2] From late September to late October, the latest flare-up of major wildfires were extinguished by cooler weather and precipitation.

From December 10–13, a powerful winter storm extinguished the remaining wildfires that were present. In mid-December through late December, several more small wildfires sparked, but they were all extinguished by December 31.

In 2014, a study examined the human role in growing California wildfire risks. [9] The paper is titled "Extreme fire season in California: A glimpse into the future?" It was published as the second chapter of "Explaining Extreme Events of 2014", by the American Meteorological Society. [10] The authors also projected into the future, and the predicted results showed increases in the drought index, the area under extreme threat of fires, and the days of fire danger, stating that, "The increase in extreme fire risk is expected within the coming decade to exceed that of natural variability and this serves as an indication that anthropogenic climate warming will likely play a significant role in influence California’s fire season." [10]

Fires

Below is a list of all fires that exceeded 1,000 acres (400 ha) during the 2014 California wildfire season, as well as the fires that caused significant damage. [11] The list is taken from CAL FIRE's list of large fires.

NameCountyAcresKm2Start DateContainment DateNotesRef
Soda Tulare 1,6126.5January 14, 2014February 15, 2014 [11]
Colby Los Angeles 1,9527.9January 16, 2014January 21, 201415 structures destroyed [12]
Etiwanda San Bernardino 2,2008.9April 30, 2014May 9, 2014 [13]
Bernardo San Diego 1,5486.3May 13, 2014May 17, 2014 [14]
Tomahawk San Diego 5,36721.7May 14, 2014May 19, 2014 [15]
Poinsettia San Diego 6002.4May 14, 2014May 17, 201428 structures destroyed [16]
Cocos San Diego 1,9958.1May 14, 2014May 22, 201440 structures destroyed [17]
Pulgas San Diego 14,41658.3May 15, 2014May 21, 2014 [18]
San Mateo San Diego 1,4575.9May 16, 2014May 20, 2014 [19]
Shirley Kern 2,54510.3June 13, 2014June 22, 20142 structures destroyed [20]
Stony Monterey 4,84019.6June 19, 2014June 22, 2014 [11]
Butts Napa 4,30017.4July 1, 2014July 9, 20149 structures destroyed, 2 civilian fatalities [21]
Modoc July Complex Modoc 2,56610.4July 1, 2014July 7, 2014 [11]
Monticello Yolo 6,48826.3July 4, 2014July 12, 2014 [22]
Bully Shasta 12,66151.2July 11, 2014July 28, 201420 structures destroyed
1 civilian fatality
[23]
Nicolls Kern 1,6806.8July 11, 2014July 19, 2014 [24]
Dark Hole Mariposa 1,0774.4July 16, 2014August 20, 2014 [25]
Sand El Dorado 4,24017.2July 25, 2014September 2, 201467 structures destroyed [26]
Kelley Merced 1,0004.0July 26, 2014July 29, 2014 [11]
El Portal Mariposa 4,68919.0July 26, 2014August 4, 20142 structures destroyed [27]
French Madera 13,83856.0July 28, 2014August 18, 2014 [28]
Day Modoc 13,15353.2July 30, 2014August 13, 201410 structures destroyed [29]
Lodge Complex Mendocino 12,53550.7July 30, 2014August 9, 2014 [30]
Bald Shasta 39,736160.8July 30, 2014August 16, 2014 [31]
Coffee Complex Trinity 6,17825.0July 30, 2014August 16, 2014 [32]
Beaver Siskiyou 32,496131.5July 30, 2014August 30, 20146 structures destroyed [33]
Little Deer Siskiyou 5,50322.3July 31, 2014August 11, 20141 structure destroyed [34]
Eiler Shasta 32,416131.2July 31, 2014August 24, 201421 structures destroyed [35]
July Complex Siskiyou 50,042202.5August 3, 2014September 25, 20142 structures destroyed [36]
Happy Camp Complex Siskiyou 134,056542.5August 14, 2014October 31, 20146 structures destroyed [37]
Meadow Mariposa 4,77219.3August 15, 2014September 29, 2014 [38]
Way Kern 4,04516.4August 18, 2014August 28, 201412 structures destroyed [39]
Gulch Shasta 1,3755.6September 10, 2014September 16, 20144 structures destroyed [40]
King El Dorado 97,717395.4September 13, 2014October 9, 201480 structures destroyed [41]
Courtney Madera 3201.3September 14, 2014September 21, 201449 structures destroyed [42]
Boles Siskiyou 5162.1September 15, 2014October 11, 2014157 structures destroyed [43]
Dog Rock Mariposa 3111.3October 7, 2014October 12, 20141 firefighter killed [44]

May San Diego County wildfires

The Cocos Fire burning above CSU San Marcos, on May 14, 2014 Cocos fire - part of May 2014 San Diego County wildfires.jpg
The Cocos Fire burning above CSU San Marcos, on May 14, 2014

In May 2014, a series of at least 20 wildfires broke out in San Diego County during severe Santa Ana Wind conditions, historic drought conditions, and a heat wave. The main event during mid-May was preceded by a precursor fire that ignited on May 5. The severe weather conditions contributed to the spread of at least 19 more individual wildfires, with ten of them receiving names. The Cocos Fire, which was the most destructive with 40 structured being destroyed, was determined to have been caused by arson. [45] The causes of the other fires are still under investigation by multiple agencies, and a joint task force was formed to coordinate the investigations and facilitate communications. [46] Six injuries and one fire-related fatality were reported.

Miguelito Fire

At 2:00 PM PDT on May 13, the Miguelito Fire broke out off Santa Miguelito Canyon Road in Lompoc, Santa Barbara County. Over the course of the next week and a half, the fire gradually expanded northward to 632 acres (256 ha) towards the direction of Lompoc, before firefighters managed to stop its expansion on May 16. The fire threatened 1,200 buildings in Lompoc, prompting evacuation orders for the affected areas. On May 16, evacuation orders were lifted, after the fire was reported to be 95% contained. At 9:20 AM PDT on May 19, the Miguelito Fire was reported to be 100% contained. No structural damage or injuries were reported. [47]

Hunters Fire

On May 27, at 3:00 PM PDT, the Hunters Fire broke out at Hunters Valley Access Road Bear Valley Area, in Mariposa County. The fire spread toward populated areas and evacuations were ordered for the Hunters Valley Area. [48]

Stony Fire

On June 19, at 3:14 PM PDT, the Stony Fire was reported at Stony Valley Range on Fort Hunter Liggett, in Monterey County. The wildfire quickly spread to 5,000 acres (2,000 ha), but it was 100% contained by June 20. [49] Moderate amounts of smoke still lingered within the area, and cleanup work was expected to continue for the next few days. The Nacimiento-Ferguson Road was also closed due to downed trees, but was expected to reopen a couple of days later. No evacuations were ordered for this fire, and no injuries or fatalities were reported. The cause of the wildfire is currently under investigation.

Butts Fire

On July 1, at 12:08 PM PDT, the Butts Fire broke out near Butts Canyon Road in Pope Valley, California, northwest of Lake Berryessa, in Yolo County. [50] [51]

The Banner Fire erupted around 10:30 AM PDT on July 3, 2014 in the Banner, California area, near Route 78 in San Diego County. It quickly spread westward and expanded to 150 acres (61 ha), threatening the town of Julian. Portions of Route 78 were closed, and mandatory evacuation was ordered for 200 homes; however, the evacuation order was lifted later that evening, as the containment of the wildfire's perimeter increased. Two homes were destroyed, but the heavy use of firefighting planes and helicopters prevented additional losses. [52]

Monticello Fire

The fire was reported around 9:30 p.m. on Friday, July 4, and quickly grew in size, due to dry and erratic windy conditions. [53] By 11 PM that night, the fire was 100 acres in size, and by 4 AM the next morning, it was already 1,000 acres, according to Winters City Manager John Donlevy, who added that, "...the hills are literally tinder-dry." [54] Highway 128 west of Winters was shut down due to the fire while thirty-four structures at Golden Bear Estates were immediately threatened, resulting in the mandatory evacuation of residents in that area. [54] A separate voluntary evacuation order for the Canyon Creek Resort campground was also put into effect but lifted later that day. [54] As the fire burned north into rugged, steep terrain, access to the area became difficult, limiting firefighting operations. [53] An American Red Cross Shelter was immediately set up at Winters Community Center at 4 a.m. that Saturday morning for over 40 evacuees. [54]

By Saturday afternoon, on July 5, the fire had reportedly tripped in size to over 5,000 acres (2,000 ha), while containment hovered at a mere 15 percent. [55]

On Sunday, July 6, containment of the Monticello fire grew to 30 percent, while at least 1,275 firefighters were reported battling the blaze. [56] Fire conditions remained volatile as wind directors switched several times throughout the day, reached gusts of up to 20 mph. [56]

All evacuation orders were lifted on Monday, July 7, as containment of the fire grew to 45 percent, with over 1,750 fire personnel on hand. [57] Within the following days, containment lines grew and by July 11, the incident was 95 percent contained with investigators still trying to determine the cause of the fire. [58] The fire was finally contained on July 12, after destroying 6,488 acres (26.26 km2), however no structures were damaged. [59] The cause of the fire was later determined to be firework-related. [60]

Sand Fire

The Sand Fire was ignited in El Dorado County, five miles north of the Amador County town of Plymouth, on July 25, at 4:34 PM PDT, by a vehicle driving over dry vegetation. [61] A total of 4,240 acres (1,720 ha) were burned, claiming 20 residences and 47 outbuildings. Twelve hundred residences were evacuated before full containment of the wildfire was achieved on August 2. [62]

Gulch Fire

On September 10, a car fire started a fire in the Bella Vista area. [63] On September 16, the Gulch Fire was fully contained after burning 1,375 acres (556 ha). [64] The wildfire has also injured a total of 4 people. [64] The damage caused by the Gulch Fire is currently unknown.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boles Fire</span> 2014 wildfire in Northern California

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carr Fire</span> 2018 wildfire in Northern California

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mendocino Complex Fire</span> 2018 wildfire in Northern California

The Mendocino Complex Fire was a large complex of wildfires that burned in northern California for more than three months in 2018. It consisted of two wildfires, the River Fire and Ranch Fire, which burned in Mendocino, Lake, Colusa, and Glenn Counties in the U.S. State of California, with the Ranch Fire being California's single-largest recorded wildfire at the time until the August Complex fire in 2020. The Ranch Fire burned eight miles northeast of Ukiah, and the River Fire burned six miles north of Hopland, to the south of the larger Ranch Fire. First reported on July 27, 2018, both fires burned a combined total of 459,123 acres (1,858 km2), before they were collectively 100% contained on September 18, though hotspots persisted until the complex was fully brought under control on January 4, 2019. The Ranch Fire alone burned 410,203 acres (1,660 km2), making it the largest wildfire in modern California history at the time until the August Complex fire that occurred in 2020. The Ranch Fire also surpassed the size of the 315,577-acre Rush Fire, which burned across California and Nevada, as well as the Santiago Canyon Fire of 1889, which was previously believed to have been California's all-time largest wildfire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Natchez Fire</span> 2018 wildfire in Northern California

The Natchez Fire was a wildfire that burned near the California and Oregon border in Siskiyou County, California, in the United States. The Natchez Fire began on July 15, 2018, due to lightning, and the fire burned a total of 38,134 acres before it was fully contained on October 30, 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delta Fire</span> 2018 wildfire in Northern California

The Delta Fire was a 2018 wildfire that burned near Lakehead, California, in the Shasta National Forest. The fire burned 63,311 acres (256 km2) and destroyed 20 structures, before it was 100% contained on October 7, 2018. The fire burned into the western flank of the nearby Hirz Fire on September 10, and also burned only a couple of miles away from the enormous Carr Fire, the seventh-most destructive fire in Californian history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LNU Lightning Complex fires</span> 2020 wildfire in Northern California

The LNU Lightning Complex fires were a large complex of wildfires that burned during the 2020 California wildfire season across much of the Wine Country area of Northern California – Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Solano, and Yolo Counties, from August 17 to October 2, 2020. The complex was composed of numerous lightning-sparked fires, most of which were small. While they ignited separately from each other, the Hennessey Fire eventually grew to merge with the Gamble, Green, Markley, Spanish, and Morgan fires, scorching 192,000 acres (777 km2) by itself, for a total burn area of 363,220 acres (1,470 km2) in the complex. The fire, which burned in the hills surrounding several large cities, such as Fairfield, Napa, and Vacaville, destroyed 1,491 structures and damaged a further 232. In all, six people were killed and another five injured. The LNU Lightning Complex is the seventh-largest wildfire in the recorded history of California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electra Fire (2022)</span> 2022 wildfire in Northern California

The Electra Fire was a wildfire that burned northeast of Mokelumne Hill in Amador and Calaveras Counties, California that started on July 4, 2022. The wildfire burned a total of 4,478 acres (1,812 ha) and was fully contained on July 28, 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fairview Fire</span> 2022 wildfire in Southern California

The Fairview Fire is a deadly and destructive wildfire that burned during the 2022 California wildfire season southwest of Valle Vista and east of Hemet in Riverside County, California in the United States. The fire ignited on September 5, 2022, during a severe heatwave that had plagued much of the southwest throughout early September and, due to the extreme weather conditions, grew to a deadly and destructive conflagration in the chaparral-filled foothills within just several hours of igniting.

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