In 2017, the New Democratic Party held a leadership election to choose a successor to Tom Mulcair. The election was triggered by Mulcair having lost a leadership review at the party's federal convention held in Edmonton, Alberta, on April 10, 2016, which resulted in a majority of delegates voting in favor of holding a new leadership election.[2] Mulcair declined to partake in the subsequent leadership election and stated that he would remain leader until the party chose a replacement.[3]
Four candidates were on the leadership ballot: Charlie Angus, Niki Ashton, Guy Caron, and Jagmeet Singh. The voting process occurred on Sunday, October 1, 2017. Every party member was entitled to cast a secret vote in the leadership election using either a ranked ballot and Instant-runoff voting, or potentially repeated rounds of voting under exhaustive voting, with each member being able to choose one format or the other for their vote.[4] Had no candidate received a majority of votes in the first round of voting, the least-popular candidate would have been dropped and an additional vote count held once a week until October 15, 2017 or until a candidate received a majority of votes.[5][6][7]
Singh, the only non-MP in the race, formally announced his candidacy for the leadership on May 15, 2017. Singh received the support of 11 MPs, the most of any candidate, including former leadership candidates Nathan Cullen[8] and Peter Julian,[9] in addition to the support of major labour unions such as the United Food and Commercial Workers. Media attention surrounding his campaign noted the fact that, if elected, Singh would be the first visible minority person to lead a major federal party, as well as the first of the Sikh faith.[10][11]
Singh was elected in the first round, with 53.8% of the votes, thus rendering the need for subsequent rounds of voting unnecessary. Following his election as leader, Singh appointed former leadership rival Guy Caron to serve as the New Democratic Party's Parliamentary Leader.[12]
Background
The result at the 2016 convention was the first time a leader of any Canadian federal political party has failed to receive at least 50% in a leadership review vote.[13] In the months since the 2015 federal election, Mulcair's leadership had been a point of conflict within the party because of the election campaign, in which the NDP fell to third place from the Official Opposition status it gained in the 2011 election. The New Democrats had led public opinion polls since May 2015 and appeared to be poised to win their first federal election in history. However, they fell back behind the Liberals and Conservatives in the last month. The election thus resulted in a Liberal majority government.[citation needed]
The party lost more than half of its seats and fell to third place. Mulcair's leadership faced criticism following the election, particularly due to his moderate platform that the party was running on. In contrast, Liberal leader Justin Trudeau had promised to run a budget deficit to fund stimulus programs and higher social spending, a position which was perceived as the Liberals outflanking the NDP on the left.[14][15]
Election rules
Under rules set out in the party's constitution, every member was entitled to cast a secret ballot for the selection of the Leader.[4] The new leader was chosen on October 1, 2017, on the first round of voting through a combination of preferential ballots and X voting. Had a leader not been chosen in the first round, additional vote counts would have taken place once a week until a candidate hit the 50 per cent plus one mark, to be declared leader (with eligible voters that chose to vote with an internet ballot being allowed to change their vote at any time before the closure of the polls, including between each round of balloting).[5][6][7]
Candidates were required to pay an entry fee of $30,000 and spend no more than $1.5 million. 25% of all donations to candidates were paid to the party.[2] To be nominated, candidates required at least 500 signatures from party members, at least half of which must be from female-identified members and at least 100 from "other equity-seeking groups" including indigenous people, LGBT people, persons with disabilities and visible minorities. At least 50 signatures were required from each of five regions: the Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairies and B.C., and the North.[citation needed]
Timeline
2015
October 19 – In the 2015 general election, the NDP under Tom Mulcair wins 44 seats and falls to third place in the House of Commons, down from the 95 seats and Official Opposition status held prior to the election.
2016
April 10 – At the NDP convention in Edmonton, a leadership review resolution passes with the support of 52% of delegates, requiring a new leadership election to be held. Mulcair announces that he will not be a candidate, but will remain as leader until his successor is chosen. Delegates pass an emergency motion extending the deadline for a leadership election to two years from one year.[13]
May 15 – NDP Federal Council meets to discuss a schedule and logistics for the leadership election.[16][17] The federal council decides to hold the election between September 17, 2017, and October 31, 2017, with a precise date to be set later.[citation needed]
June 7 – Cheri DiNovo launches her campaign as an "unofficial candidate", in protest of the party's $30,000 entry fee.
June 13 – Cheri DiNovo announces that her campaign will become official.
June 14 – Party executive convenes to propose finalized election details, including the dates of the election and the nomination period closing.[6][7][18]
October 1 – Voting for first ballot ended at 2 p.m. EDT. Results were announced in Toronto, shortly after 3 p.m. EDT, in the Metropolitan Ball Room of the Westin Harbour Castle. Jagmeet Singh won a majority of the votes cast in the first ballot.[31]
Debates
Debates among candidates for the 2017 New Democratic Party of Canada leadership election
No.
Date
Time
Place
Host
Participants
P Participant. I Invitee. N Non-invitee. A Absent invitee. O Out of race (exploring or withdrawn).
Charlie Angus, 62, has been the MP for Timmins-James Bay since 2004 and was elected NDP Caucus Chair in January 2016. He is the author of eight books and worked as a journalist, a roofer, and a dishwasher earlier in life. Before entering politics, Angus was a member of the Toronto punk band L'Étranger with Andrew Cash and Peter Duffin, from 1980 to circa 1984, and subsequently formed the country band Grievous Angels in 1986. From 1985 to 1990, Angus and his wife Brit Griffin lived in Angelus House, a Catholic Worker house they founded, where they invited the homeless to live with them.[32] They also established a separate homeless shelter in 1986. In 1990, they moved to northern Ontario, where Angus owned and ran a magazine and eventually entered politics. Angus stepped down as Caucus Chair and Indigenous Affairs Critic on November 23, 2016, to consider a leadership bid.[33] He formally registered his campaign with Elections Canada on February 20, 2017, and publicly launched it on February 26.[16][34][35][36]
Date candidacy registered: February 20, 2017[34][37]
Has emphasized job security, the high cost of post-secondary education and Indigenous issues.[38]
Angus is not as fluent in French as some of the other candidates but is said to have a good basis in the language.[39]
Niki Ashton
Niki Ashton
Niki Ashton, 43, has been the MP for Churchill—Keewatinook Aski under its current name since 2015 and was previously the MP for Churchill beginning in 2008. She served as NDP Critic for Jobs, Employment & Workforce Development Critic (2015–2017), Shadow Minister for Status of Women (2012–2015) and Aboriginal Affairs (2015). She placed seventh in the 2012 leadership race.[40][41][42][43] She is the daughter of former Manitoba NDP MLA Steve Ashton, who served as a minister in the cabinets of Gary Doer and Greg Selinger.
Planned to create and maintain good-paying jobs for young people and working Canadians, and tackling the threat of climate change.
Committed to providing tuition-free post-secondary education.[46]
Advocates combatting the unequal distribution of wealth, the loss of value-added jobs, the "foreign ownership and trade deals that are selling us out".[47]
Singh's election made him the first visible minority person to lead a major federal party, as well as the first of the Sikh faith.
The four core focuses of Singh's campaign were inequality, climate change, reconciliation with indigenous peoples, and electoral reform.[52]
Singh has stated his preference for ending the War on Drugs by pursuing the Portuguese model of decriminalising personal possession of all narcotics and instead promoting harm reduction for users.[53]
Withdrawn candidates
Cheri DiNovo
Cheri DiNovo
Cheri DiNovo, 65, is the Ontario MPP for Parkdale—High Park (2006–2017) and since 2014 has served as the Ontario NDP critic for Urban Transportation, Greater Toronto Area Issues, and LGBTQ Issues.
Date candidacy announced: June 7, 2016 ("unofficial");[54][55] June 13, 2016 (official).[56]
DiNovo originally was running as an "unofficial candidate" in protest of the party's $30,000 entry fee, but on June 13, 2016, she announced that her candidacy would be moving from unofficial status to official status, stating that her campaign will begin fundraising when the leadership election rules are finalized in July 2016.[56] She was running to support democratic socialist principles and "to fight for principles rather than for a position".[59] Four main policy planks were: An "aggressive and realistic response to the climate crisis" including the banning of nuclear power and opposition to pipelines; "social justice and human rights" including a ban on conversion therapy and a plan to increase unionization rates; "an end to systemic racism" around indigenous issues, support for Black Lives Matter; "truly universal and free" post-secondary education, dental care and pharmacare and "livable" social assistance rates.[55]
DiNovo announced on August 2, 2016, that she would no longer be a candidate for health reasons, having recently suffered two small strokes.[57]
Peter Julian
Peter Julian
Peter Julian, 63, is the MP for New Westminster—Burnaby (2015–present) and was previously the MP for Burnaby—New Westminster (2004–2015). From 2014 to 2016, Julian was the NDP's house leader.[60] He is the NDP's former Shadow Minister for Natural Resources and Energy (2012–2014), Finance (2011–2012) and Industry (2011) and has also served as NDP Caucus Chair (2011–2014). Before entering politics he was the executive director of the Council of Canadians.[41][42][60] He resigned as NDP House Leader on October 19, 2016, to consider his candidacy.[60] He officially registered his candidacy on December 21, 2016, and formally launched his campaign on February 12, 2017.[61]
Date candidacy registered: December 21, 2016[37][62]
Opposes growing inequality and favours affordable housing, would eliminate overseas tax havens and tax breaks for "the one percent". Advocates free tuition for post-secondary education and action on climate change and indigenous issues, has opposed pipeline development.[28][61][64]
Withdrew after complaining the party had put "major obstacles" in place making it difficult for candidates to grow the party's base.[25]
Failed to qualify
Candidates who declared their candidacies but were unable to complete the process of submitting their nomination forms and deposits to the party by the deadline of July 3, 2017:
El-Khoury was born in Beirut, Lebanon but moved to Kingston, Ontario in 1991.[70] He is a former Montreal municipal candidate (2013) who is the founder of a consulting firm in Montreal.[71] He ran for the NDP nomination in Papineau in the 2015 election, losing to Anne Lagacé Dowson, and was a city council candidate for centrist municipal party Vrai changement pour Montréal in 2013.[72] Registered with Elections Canada but failed to submit deposit and/or sufficient nomination signatures by deadline.
Date candidacy registered: March 27, 2017
Brian Graff
Graff is a 58-year-old former Toronto municipal candidate (2014), community activist,[67] and semi-retired financial analyst. Graff's application to run was rejected twice by NDP officials. He claimed it was because of his policy to cut immigration, while the party said it was on the grounds that he does not support party policy, as well as due to a 1993 charge for watching and besetting, which resulted in a conditional discharge. Graff took the NDP to court in March through a "judicial review" on the grounds that the party had violated natural justice, and this resulted in a settlement allowing him to apply a second time. After the party's second rejection, Graff returned to court with a second judicial review in an attempt to require the NDP to permit him to run. The party argued it was not subject to judicial review. On June 9, 2017, the court ruled that the NDP and other political parties are subject to judicial review, but that the party's actions were not unreasonable in rejecting Graff's application to stand for leader.[73][74][75][76]
Declined
Karl Bélanger – National Director of the NDP (2016), Principal Secretary to NDP Leader Tom Mulcair (2012–2016), Senior Press Secretary to NDP Leader Jack Layton (2003–2011)[77]
Cindy Blackstock – executive director of First Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada.[78]
Avi Lewis – documentary filmmaker, broadcaster, and co-author of the Leap Manifesto, son of former Ontario NDP leader Stephen Lewis and grandson of former federal NDP leader David Lewis.[41][42][89][92]
Anne McGrath – Deputy Chief of Staff to Alberta Premier Rachel Notley (2015–present), National Director of the NDP (2014–2015), President of the NDP (2006–2009).[93]
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