54 (film)

Last updated

54
54 poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by Mark Christopher
Written byMark Christopher
Produced by
Starring
Cinematography Alexander Gruszynski
Edited by Lee Percy
Music by Marco Beltrami
Production
companies
  • Redeemable Features
  • Dollface
  • FilmColony
Distributed by Miramax Films
Release date
  • August 28, 1998 (1998-08-28)(United States)
Running time
  • 93 minutes (theatrical cut)
  • 100 minutes (extended cut)
  • 105 minutes (director's cut)
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$13 million [1]
Box office$16.8 million [2]

54 is a 1998 American drama film written and directed by Mark Christopher. Starring Ryan Phillippe, Salma Hayek, Neve Campbell, and Mike Myers, the film focuses on the rise and fall of Studio 54, a famous nightclub in New York City during the late 1970s and early 1980s.

Contents

Prior to its release in the United States on August 28, 1998, by Miramax Films, the film was extensively reshot and recut; [3] it ultimately opened to poor critical reaction and box office. In 2008, a bootleg version of the director's cut was screened at Outfest, leading to interest for its release. [4] In 2015, Christopher and Miramax premiered a new edit of the film at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival, with 45 minutes of original material restored and 30 minutes of studio re-shoots removed. [4]

Plot

Theatrical version

In the summer of 1979, 19-year-old Irish-American filling station attendant Shane O'Shea lives in Jersey City, New Jersey, with his widowed, conservative father Harlan and two younger sisters Grace and Kelly. Weary of his working-class existence, Shane longs for a more glamorous life across the river in New York City's Manhattan, so one night, he persuades his two friends into accompanying him to Studio 54, a disco nightclub. When he is chosen to enter upon arrival by the club's co-owner Steve Rubell, he is exposed to the flashy, hedonistic world of 54, with unbridled alcohol, drugs, and open sex. Against his father's wishes, he returns to 54 the next night and Steve hires him as a busboy. After fighting with Harlan over his new job, he leaves Jersey City and moves in with fellow busboy Greg Randazzo and his coat-check girl wife Anita, an aspiring singer, in Manhattan.

After a week bussing tables, Shane is promoted to bartender following a one-night stand with club regular Billie Auster, upsetting Greg, who feels that he did not get the job because he would not let Steve perform oral sex on him. As Shane's popularity skyrockets, he mingles with the city's upper-class, poses for a beefcake photo shoot in Interview magazine, consumes drugs, and has sexual intercourse with multiple women. After a while, he begins to feel used because he wants to be taken seriously and valued for more than just his good looks and sex appeal.

Shane's sudden rise in popularity also damages his relationships with his friends and family, especially during the Christmas holidays. On Christmas Eve, Greg, who now moonlights as a drug dealer for extra money, criticizes him of displaying a conceited attitude and accuses him of attempting to sleep with and have sexual intercourse with Anita after witnessing him attempting to begin a romantic relationship with her earlier at their apartment. Harlan, whom Shane has not seen or spoken to in several months, rejects him when he returns home for a visit on Christmas Day because a female friend of the family who got into 54 one night informed him that she saw Shane doing drugs there. However, he does experience some brief happiness during the holidays when he commences a short-lived romance with his celebrity crush (and fellow New Jerseyan) Julie Black, a soap opera starlet determined to succeed in the film industry.

On New Year's Eve 1979, Shane's stardom, his relationship with Julie, and 54's life all abruptly end. He disgustedly rejects Julie after discovering her with Roland Sachs, an agent she plans to sleep with to advance her career. After elderly 54 regular Mona (aka Disco Dottie), a feisty, foul-mouthed, drug-using grandmother, dies of a cocaine overdose during Anita's debut performance, Steve asks a grief-stricken Shane to ignore the incident and continue working. Shane angrily refuses and gets into a near-physical altercation with Steve, who then fires him and orders his bouncers to expel him from the club. Simultaneously, the FBI raids 54 and arrests Steve, as he has been skimming money from the club's nightly take. As Shane leaves 54 in disgrace, Julie passes by him in a limousine, and following a brief heart-to-heart, they part ways but agree to remain friends.

Ultimately, Steve receives an 18-month prison sentence for tax evasion, and 54 consequently closes; upon release, he is forced to sell 54 but remains associated with the club as a consultant under the new management. During that time, Shane communicates regularly with Julie, who moves to Hollywood and lands a bit part in a film, but he, Anita and Greg drift apart. Anita releases a moderately successful album with Casablanca Records and Greg obtains a construction job after serving six months of probation for dealing drugs. Shane works nights managing a restaurant in Greenwich Village and takes business classes at NYU during the daylight hours; he also improves his relationships with his father and sisters by visiting them weekly. The trio reunite at the newly reopened 54 upon Steve's release, for a one-night welcome-back party hosted by him for all of his old friends and employees. Eventually, 54 closes permanently in 1986, and Steve dies of AIDS in 1989 at age 45.

Director's cut additions

The director's cut opens with a new narration of the film's original opening as Shane is seen leaving 54 after being thrown out on New Year's Eve. Shane's narration from the theatrical version is omitted.

In a moment of confusion, an openly bisexual Shane kisses Greg in the VIP room on Christmas Eve, before then having sexual intercourse with Anita in the ladies' room after she and Greg have an altercation. Anita, noticing Steve watching them, hits Shane in the stomach and runs out of the ladies' room in shame.

When Shane discovers that he is running low on cash due to his numerous debts, Greg introduces him to his covert drug-dealing operation. Shane steals some of Steve's skimmed cash as capital and repays his debts on New Year's Eve.

Greg eventually agrees to let Steve perform oral sex on him for the bartender job, but Steve disagrees, admitting that he would rather watch Greg and Anita have sex instead, as he did on Christmas Eve. Greg goes to the cloakroom to confront Anita and encounters her hugging Shane, after which the two have a fistfight. Shane freebases cocaine to ease his emotional pain.

After Greg and Anita reconcile following her interrupted debut performance, Anita leaves with Billie for a photo op. Shane discovers G-men raiding Steve's office and retreats upstairs to warn Greg, but Greg ignores him. Greg then runs to retrieve his belongings from his locker when he sees Shane being thrown out of the club but discovers that a G-man has already beat him to it and has found his drugs.

After Shane is expelled from 54, he witnesses Greg running up behind him. Shane offers him his garbage bag cloak to keep him clothed, and Greg begrudgingly accepts. Anita runs up to them afterwards in a lavish fur coat and cloaks Greg in it with her as they both depart. Greg calls for Shane to accompany them, just as Julie pulls up Shane alongside in her limousine and offers him a ride. Shane declines Julie's offer and instead departs with Greg and Anita, with the trio staying together as a family instead of drifting apart.

Cast

Production

Based on two short films Mark Christopher made, Miramax Films persuaded Christopher to direct the full-length feature about Studio 54. He had spent five years researching the club and the time period while working on a screenplay. Miramax purchased a partial screenplay in 1995 and developed the script with the filmmaker for over a year. [5]

Christopher shot the film in Toronto over two months in the fall of 1997. [6] However, he and studio head Harvey Weinstein differed on their respective visions of the film. Christopher intended for the film to capture Studio 54's notoriety as "the epicenter of the gay cultural explosion in New York City" and wanted the story to be told from the perspective of "Shane, a kid from New Jersey who sleeps his way to the top of the 54 pecking order, which means that he becomes one of the shirtless bartenders for which the club was notorious, golden boys who flexed and preened for the clientele of both sexes, occasionally deigning to grant sexual favors in return for money and drugs". [7] Conversely, Weinstein wanted a more commercial film akin to Saturday Night Fever (1977), with its gay storyline removed. [8]

Weinstein screen tested Christopher's cut of the film on Long Island in early 1998. Audiences at this screening reacted negatively to the lead character's bisexuality, particularly to a scene where Shane and Greg kiss, as well as the happy ending for both characters and Anita. [9] Miramax subsequently requested the film remove any suggestions of bisexuality. [10] The postproduction process was troubled, with Weinstein hiring a second writing team to flesh out new scenes that play up a romance between Shane and Julie. [8] Christopher was not allowed in the editing room, and though he agreed to shoot the new scenes after initial resistance, he did not get to see the final cut. [8] [11]

Reception and legacy

54 opened at No. 4 on its opening weekend (August 28–30, 1998) with $6.6 million, behind Blade , There's Something About Mary , and Saving Private Ryan . [12]

Studio cut

The film grossed $16.8 million on an estimated budget of $13 million. [1] [2] Myers, in his first serious dramatic role, garnered some of the film's only positive word-of-mouth. [13] [14] [15] The role was Myers' only foray into drama until Inglourious Basterds (released in 2009) and Bohemian Rhapsody and Terminal (both released in 2018).

Though some critics noted Christopher manages to "[re-create] the club's playfully subversive physical details: the glitter confetti and giant silver man-in-the-moon cokehead mobile, the VIP room hidden in the dank basement", [16] many were particularly disappointed with the film's fictional characters and storyline, believing that Studio 54's notorious, real-life past should have been explored with better detail and more realism. [16] [17]

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 15% based on 66 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Robbed of its integral LGBTQ themes, 54 is a compromised and disjointed glance at the glory days of disco." [18] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 33 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable" reviews. [19] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C" on an A+ to F scale. [20]

The film was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Actor for Ryan Phillippe and Worst Supporting Actress for Ellen Albertini Dow. [21] Neve Campbell was nominated for Worst Supporting Actress (also for Wild Things ) at the 1998 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards. [22]

Director's cut

In the years after the theatrical cut's release, a bootleg VHS version of the two-hour-long rough cut began circulating. Strong word of mouth and support led to New York LGBTQ film festival Outfest screening the rough cut to a sold-out crowd in 2008. [13] Christopher and his co-producer Jonathan King had been lobbying Miramax for years to allow them to remaster the director's cut for DVD. In 2014, the filmmakers received the greenlight to make 54: The Director's Cut from Zanne Devine, Miramax's then-VP of production. [4] They completed the film in time for a screening in the Panorama section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2015. [4] [23] The 105 minute-long cut included 44 minutes of restored footage, with all but a few seconds of the studio-dictated re-shot footage jettisoned. [24]

The director's cut has received a much more positive critical response, [25] [26] [27] and the film has a cult following among the gay community. [13] Of 54: The Director's Cut, critic Louis Jordan wrote, "Driven by character and atmosphere rather than soapy plot, Christopher's film is permeated by a melancholy that adds depth to the ecstatic party scenes. Mike Myers nails the pathos and charm behind Rubell's luded-out lechery, while Phillippe's measured performance, finally given space to breathe, is vulnerable, amoral, and sexy. There are no easy heroes or villains in this 54, only people looking for something they'll likely never find." [13]

Home media

A 2012 Blu-ray release features several additional and alternate scenes that were not included in the theatrical release. [28] This extended cut runs 100 minutes, eight minutes of which are not in the studio's 92-minute release. Miramax and Lionsgate Home Entertainment released 54: The Director's Cut in digital HD on streaming video providers on June 2, 2015. [29] A Blu-ray version of this cut was released in 2016. [30]

Related Research Articles

<i>Pulp Fiction</i> 1994 crime film by Quentin Tarantino

Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American independent crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino from a story he conceived with Roger Avary. It tells four intertwining tales of crime and violence in Los Angeles, California. The film stars John Travolta, Samuel L. Jackson, Bruce Willis, Tim Roth, Ving Rhames, and Uma Thurman. The title refers to the pulp magazines and hardboiled crime novels popular during the mid-20th century, known for their graphic violence and punchy dialogue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Warren Beatty</span> American actor and filmmaker (born 1937)

Henry Warren Beatty is an American actor and filmmaker. His career has spanned over six decades, and he has received an Academy Award and three Golden Globe Awards. He also received the Irving G. Thalberg Award in 1999, the BAFTA Fellowship in 2002, the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004, the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2007, and the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2008.

Miramax, LLC, formerly known as Miramax Films, is an American independent film and television production and distribution company founded on December 19, 1979, by Harvey and Bob Weinstein, and based in Los Angeles, California. Today, it is owned by beIN Media Group and Paramount Global.

<i>Shakespeare in Love</i> 1998 film by John Madden

Shakespeare in Love is a 1998 period romantic comedy film directed by John Madden, written by Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard, and produced by Harvey Weinstein. It stars Gwyneth Paltrow, Joseph Fiennes, Geoffrey Rush, Colin Firth, Ben Affleck and Judi Dench. The film depicts a fictional love affair involving playwright William Shakespeare (Fiennes) and Viola de Lesseps (Paltrow) while Shakespeare was writing Romeo and Juliet. Several characters are based on historical figures, and many of the characters, lines, and plot devices allude to Shakespeare's plays.

<i>Heavens Gate</i> (film) 1980 American Western film by Michael Cimino

Heaven's Gate is a 1980 American epic Western film written and directed by Michael Cimino, starring Kris Kristofferson, Christopher Walken, John Hurt, Sam Waterston, Brad Dourif, Isabelle Huppert, Jeff Bridges, and Joseph Cotten, and loosely based on the Johnson County War. It revolves around a dispute between land barons and European immigrants of modest means in Wyoming in the 1890s.

<i>The Last Detail</i> 1973 film directed by Hal Ashby

The Last Detail is a 1973 American comedy-drama film directed by Hal Ashby, from a screenplay by Robert Towne, based on the 1970 novel by Darryl Ponicsan. The film stars Jack Nicholson, Otis Young, Randy Quaid, Clifton James, and Carol Kane. It follows two career sailors assigned to escort a young emotionally withdrawn junior sailor from their Virginia base to Portsmouth Naval Prison in New Hampshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan Phillippe</span> American actor (born 1974)

Matthew Ryan Phillippe is an American actor. After appearing as Billy Douglas on the soap opera One Life to Live (1992–1993) and making his feature film debut in Crimson Tide (1995), he came to prominence in the late 1990s with starring roles in I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997), 54 (1998), Playing by Heart (1998), and Cruel Intentions (1999).

<i>I Know What You Did Last Summer</i> 1997 American slasher film

I Know What You Did Last Summer is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Jim Gillespie and written by Kevin Williamson. It stars Jennifer Love Hewitt, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Ryan Phillippe, and Freddie Prinze Jr., with supporting roles played by Johnny Galecki, Bridgette Wilson, Anne Heche, and Muse Watson. The first installment in the I Know What You Did Last Summer franchise, it is loosely based on the 1973 novel by Lois Duncan. The film centers on four teenage friends, who are stalked by a hook-wielding killer one year after covering up a car accident in which they supposedly killed a man. It also draws inspiration from the urban legend known as "the Hook", as well as the slasher films Prom Night (1980) and The House on Sorority Row (1982).

<i>Kids</i> (film) 1995 film by Larry Clark

Kids is a 1995 American drama film directed by Larry Clark in his directorial debut and written by Harmony Korine in his screenwriting debut. It stars Leo Fitzpatrick, Justin Pierce and Chloë Sevigny in their film debuts. Fitzpatrick, Pierce, Sevigny, and other newcomers including Rosario Dawson portray a group of teenagers in New York City. They are characterized as hedonists, who engage in sexual acts and substance abuse, over the course of a single day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chris Penn</span> American actor (1965–2006)

Christopher Shannon Penn was an American actor. He was the brother of actor Sean Penn and musician Michael Penn. Noted as a skilled character actor, he was typically cast as a tough character, featured as a villain or a working-class thug, or in a comic role and had roles in such films as To Wong Foo Thanks for Everything, Julie Newmar,The Wild Life, Reservoir Dogs, The Funeral, Footloose, Rush Hour, Corky Romano, True Romance, Beethoven's 2nd, Short Cuts, The Boys Club, All the Right Moves, At Close Range, Pale Rider, and Starsky & Hutch. During his career Penn had won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor for his performance in The Funeral. He also provided the voice of corrupt cop Edward "Eddie" Pulaski in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harvey Weinstein</span> American film producer and sex offender (born 1952)

Harvey Weinstein is an American former film producer and convicted sex offender. In 1979, Weinstein and his brother, Bob Weinstein, co-founded the entertainment company Miramax, which produced several successful independent films including Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989); The Crying Game (1992); Pulp Fiction (1994); Heavenly Creatures (1994); Flirting with Disaster (1996); and Shakespeare in Love (1998). Weinstein won an Academy Award for producing Shakespeare in Love and also won seven Tony Awards for plays and musicals including The Producers, Billy Elliot the Musical, and August: Osage County. After leaving Miramax, Weinstein and his brother Bob founded The Weinstein Company (TWC), a mini-major film studio. He was co-chairman, alongside Bob, from 2005 to 2017.

Robert Weinstein is an American film producer. He is the founder and head of Dimension Films, former co-chairman of Miramax Films and The Weinstein Company (TWC), all of which he co-founded with his older brother, Harvey. He has focused on making action and horror films.

<i>Fletch</i> (film) 1985 American neo-noir comedy thriller film by Michael Ritchie

Fletch is a 1985 American comedy thriller film directed by Michael Ritchie and written by Andrew Bergman. Based on Gregory Mcdonald's popular Fletch novels, the film stars Chevy Chase as the eponymous character. It co-stars Tim Matheson, Dana Wheeler-Nicholson, Geena Davis and Joe Don Baker.

Peter Biskind is an American cultural critic, film historian, journalist and former executive editor of Premiere magazine from 1986 to 1996.

<i>Senseless</i> 1998 film directed by Penelope Spheeris

Senseless is a 1998 American buddy comedy science fiction film directed by Penelope Spheeris and written by Greg Erb and Craig Mazin. The film stars Marlon Wayans and David Spade alongside Matthew Lillard, Brad Dourif, Tamara Taylor, and Rip Torn.

Marcia Lou Lucas is an American film editor. She is best known for her work editing the Star Wars trilogy (1977–1983) as well as other films by her then-husband George Lucas: THX 1138 (1971) and American Graffiti (1973). She also edited Martin Scorsese's Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974), Taxi Driver (1976), and New York, New York (1977).

<i>All the Pretty Horses</i> (film) 2000 Western film

All the Pretty Horses is a 2000 American Western film produced and directed by Billy Bob Thornton, based on Cormac McCarthy's novel of the same name, and starring Matt Damon and Penélope Cruz. It premiered on December 25, 2000 to mostly negative reviews. It grossed $18 million worldwide on a $57 million budget.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shane Salerno</span> American filmmaker and activist

Shane Salerno is an American screenwriter, producer, and Chief Creative Officer of The Story Factory, which has put 32 books on the New York Times bestseller list, with seven books hitting #1. His writing credits include the films Avatar: The Way of Water, Armageddon, Savages,Shaft, and the TV series Hawaii Five-0. He has written, co-written or rewritten six films that debuted at #1 at the box office, two separate films that were the highest grossing film of the year, and the third highest grossing film of all time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mark Christopher (director)</span> American film director

Mark Christopher is a screenwriter and director most known for directing 54 (1998).

<i>The Thief and the Cobbler</i> Film by Richard Williams finished without him in 1993

The Thief and the Cobbler is an animated fantasy film co-written and directed by Richard Williams, who intended it to be his magnum opus and a milestone in the animated medium. Originally devised in the 1960s, the film was in and out of production for nearly three decades due to independent funding and ambitiously complex animation. It was finally placed into full production in 1989 when Warner Bros. agreed to finance and distribute the film after his successful animation direction for Who Framed Roger Rabbit. When production went over budget and behind schedule, and Disney's similarly-themed Aladdin loomed as imminent competition, Williams was forced out and the film was heavily re-edited and cheaply finished by producer Fred Calvert as a mainstream Disney-style musical. It was eventually released by Allied Filmmakers in 1993 with the title The Princess and the Cobbler. Two years later, Miramax Films, which was owned by Disney at the time, released another re-edit titled Arabian Knight. Both versions performed poorly at the box office and received mixed reviews.

References

  1. 1 2 "54 (1998) – Financial Information". The Numbers . Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  2. 1 2 "54 (1998)". Box Office Mojo . Retrieved April 18, 2024.
  3. ↑ Noh, David (October 4, 2018). "Film Review: Studio 54". Film Journal International . Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Lattanzio, Ryan (July 9, 2015). "How '54: The Director's Cut' Was Resurrected From 1998 Disaster to New Gay Cult Classic". IndieWire . Archived from the original on June 8, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  5. ↑ Biskind 2004, pp. 293–294, 322.
  6. ↑ Biskind 2004, p. 320.
  7. ↑ Biskind 2004, p. 293.
  8. 1 2 3 Biskind 2004, pp. 322–323.
  9. ↑ Ascher-Walsh, Rebecca (September 4, 1998). "The 411 On '54'". Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on February 13, 2008.
  10. ↑ Biskind 2004, p. 321.
  11. ↑ Mitchell, Elvis (July 14, 2015). "Mark Christopher: 54: The Director's Cut". KCRW. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  12. ↑ "Domestic 1998 Weekend 35 (August 28–30, 1998)". Box Office Mojo . Archived from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Jordan, Louis (February 16, 2015). "54 Bombed in 1998. Now It's Been Resurrected as a Cult Gay Classic". Vulture . Archived from the original on February 16, 2015. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  14. ↑ LaSalle, Mick (August 28, 1998). "'70s Glitz Is About All That Sparkles in '54'". SFGate . Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  15. ↑ O'Sullivan, Michael (August 28, 1998). "'54' (R)". Washington Post . Archived from the original on April 22, 2000. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  16. 1 2 Gleiberman, Owen (September 4, 1998). "Movie Review: '54'". Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on December 9, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  17. ↑ Holden, Stephen (August 28, 1998). "'54': As in Studio". The New York Times . Archived from the original on December 26, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  18. ↑ "54". Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved April 18, 2024.
  19. ↑ "54". Metacritic . Retrieved April 18, 2024.
  20. ↑ "Cinemascore". Cinemascore . Retrieved December 28, 2019.
  21. ↑ Wilson, John (2007). The Official Razzie Movie Guide: Enjoying the Best of Hollywoods Worst. New York: Hachette. ISBN   978-0-446-51008-0.
  22. ↑ "Past Winners Database". Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on January 3, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  23. ↑ "54: The Director's Cut". Berlin International Film Festival. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  24. ↑ "Panorama 2015: Probing the Past to Shape the Future" (Press release). Berlin International Film Festival. December 16, 2014. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  25. ↑ Gilbey, Ryan (February 12, 2015). "Berlin 2015 review: 54: The Director's Cut – a disco-era Cabaret thrusting its way to delirium". The Guardian . Archived from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  26. ↑ Kozak, Oktay Ege (June 2, 2015). "Review: '54: The Director's Cut' With Ryan Phillippe, Salma Hayek, Mike Myers, Breckin Meyer, And Neve Campbell". IndieWire . Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  27. ↑ Wilson, Jake (June 10, 2015). "54: The Director's Cut review: Restored director's cut reveals the allure of decadence" . The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  28. ↑ "54 Blu-ray", Blu-ray.com, March 6, 2012, retrieved December 26, 2021
  29. ↑ Lattanzio, Ryan (April 28, 2015). "'54: The Director's Cut' Comes to Digital HD in All Its Hedonistic Glory". IndieWire . Archived from the original on November 21, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  30. ↑ "54 Blu-ray (The Director's Cut)". Blu-ray.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2021.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.