Alfa Romeo 12-cylinder engine | |
---|---|
Overview | |
Manufacturer | ![]() |
Production | 1973–1982 |
Layout | |
Configuration | 60°-180° V-12/flat-12 |
Displacement | 2,134 cc (2.134 L) 2,995 cc (2.995 L) 2,991 cc (2.991 L) |
Cylinder bore | 77 mm (3.0 in) 78.5 mm (3.1 in) |
Piston stroke | 38.2 mm (1.5 in) 53.6 mm (2.1 in) 51.5 mm (2.0 in) |
Valvetrain | 48-valve (four-valves per cylinder), DOHC |
Compression ratio | 11.0:1-12.0:1 [1] |
Combustion | |
Turbocharger | KKK Twin-turbocharged (Sports cars) Naturally aspirated (Formula 1 cars) |
Fuel system | Mechanical fuel injection (Sports cars) Electronic fuel injection (Formula 1 cars) |
Fuel type | Gasoline |
Cooling system | Water-cooled |
Output | |
Power output | 520–640 hp (388–477 kW; 527–649 PS) |
Torque output | 227–347 lb⋅ft (308–470 N⋅m) |
Dimensions | |
Length | (V12) 1,790 millimetres (70 in) (Flat 12) 895 millimetres (35.2 in) |
Width | (V12) 665 millimetres (26.2 in) (Flat 12) 1,000 millimetres (39 in) |
Height | (V12) 465 millimetres (18.3 in) (Flat 12) 225 millimetres (8.9 in) |
Dry weight | 143–175 kg (315.3–385.8 lb) |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | Tipo 33 engine |
Successor | 890T |
Alfa Romeo made a series of 2.1-litre to 3.0-litre, naturally-aspirated and turbocharged, V-12 and flat-12, Grand Prix and Sports car racing engines designed for Formula One, the World Sportscar Championship, Can-Am, the Nordic Challenge Cup, and Interserie; starting in 1973, with their Alfa Romeo 33TT12 Group 5 sports car. [2] This was followed by the twin-turbocharged Alfa Romeo 33SC12 Group 6 engine in 1976, [3] [4] [5] and shortly after, Brabham as an engine supplier in 1976; before entering Formula One themselves in 1979. Their first was a Carlo Chiti-designed Alfa Romeo flat-12 engine (essentially a 180° V-12) which had been used earlier in the Alfa Romeo 33TT12 and 33SC12 sports cars. In 1976 this engine was supplied to Brabham and the deal continued until 1979. The engine was dubbed the 115-12 , and was a 180° V12 engine; essentially making it a flat-12 engine. [6] [7] [8] Their second 12-cylinder engine, dubbed the 1260 , debuted at the 1979 Italian Grand Prix. This time, the engine configuration was a conventional 60° V-12, rather than a flat layout.
A flat-twelve engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-twelve, is a twelve-cylinder piston engine with six cylinders on each side of a central crankshaft.
The Alfa Romeo 164 is a four-door executive saloon manufactured and marketed by Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 1987 to 1998, styled by Pininfarina, and cooperatively designed and sharing platforms and numerous elements with the Fiat Croma, Saab 9000 and Lancia Thema.
The DFV is an internal combustion engine that was originally produced by Cosworth for Formula One motor racing. The name is an abbreviation of Double Four Valve, the engine being a V8 development of the earlier four-cylinder FVA, which had four valves per cylinder.
The Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 was a sports racing prototype raced by the Alfa Romeo factory-backed team between 1967 and 1977. These cars took part for Sport Cars World Championship, Nordic Challenge Cup, Interserie and CanAm series. A small number of road going cars were derived from it in 1967, called Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale.
The Brabham BT49 is a Formula One racing car designed by South African Gordon Murray for the British Brabham team. The BT49 competed in the 1979 to 1982 Formula One World Championships and was used by Brazilian driver Nelson Piquet to win his first World Championship in 1981.
Carlo Chiti was an Italian racing car and engine designer best known for his long association with Alfa Romeo's racing department. He also worked for Ferrari and was involved in the design of the Ferrari 156 Sharknose car, with which Phil Hill won the 1961 championship.
The Renault RS01 was the first Formula One car to be powered by a turbocharged engine. It was also the first to use radial tyres, which were provided by Michelin. Designed by André de Cortanze and Jean-Pierre Jabouille, it first appeared at the 1977 British Grand Prix. The rules of F1 at the time permitted 3.0 litre naturally-aspirated engines, with a clause for a 1.5 litre supercharged or turbocharged engine. None of the teams had pursued this avenue, and stuck to Ford Cosworth DFV engines, whilst Ferrari, Matra and Alfa Romeo concentrated on developing Flat-12 engines for their cars, and their customer teams of Ligier and Brabham. Leading French car manufacturer Renault decided to develop a 1.5 litre turbocharged engine, and a car to accompany the powerplant.
The Alfa Romeo 177 was a Formula One car used by the Alfa Romeo team during the 1979 Formula One season, debuting at the 1979 Belgian Grand Prix. The 177 marked Alfa Romeo's return to Formula One, 28 years after winning the World Drivers' Championship titles in 1950 and 1951.
The Alfa Romeo 183T was a Formula One car designed by Gérard Ducarouge and Mario Tollentino and was used by Marlboro Team Alfa Romeo during the 1983 Formula One season. The car, with a newly designed flat bottom, made its debut at the 1983 Brazilian Grand Prix. Running on Michelin tyres, the 183T was driven in 1983 by Italian drivers Andrea de Cesaris and Mauro Baldi.
Italian motor manufacturer Alfa Romeo has participated multiple times in Formula One. The brand has competed in motor racing as both a constructor and engine supplier sporadically between 1950 and 1987, and later as a commercial partner between 2015 and 2023. The company's works drivers won the first two World Drivers' Championships in the pre-war Alfetta: Nino Farina in 1950 and Juan Manuel Fangio in 1951. Following these successes, Alfa Romeo withdrew from Formula One.
This article gives an outline of Formula One engines, also called Formula One power units since the hybrid era starting in 2014. Since its inception in 1947, Formula One has used a variety of engine regulations. Formulae limiting engine capacity had been used in Grand Prix racing on a regular basis since after World War I. The engine formulae are divided according to era.
Autodelta SpA was the name of Alfa Romeo's competition department. Established in 1961 as Auto-Delta by Carlo Chiti and Lodovico Chizzola, former Alfa Romeo and Ferrari engineers, the company was officially made a department of Alfa Romeo on March 5, 1963 by the then president of Alfa Romeo Giuseppe Luraghi. Originally based in Feletto Umberto, Udine, the team subsequently moved closer to Alfa Romeo's facilities in Settimo Milanese in 1964, officially becoming Autodelta SpA. The move enabled Autodelta to use the Balocco test track for new racing cars and prototypes.
Gérard Ducarouge was a French Formula One car designer whose career in motorsport started in 1965 when he joined the French constructor and racing team Equipe Matra Sports. He designed the Matra MS80 car which, entered by the British privateer Matra International team of Ken Tyrrell, won both the World Drivers' Championship and World Constructors' Championship in the 1969 season. After leaving Matra he also designed cars for Ligier and Lotus which won several races in the 1970s and 1980s.
The Alfa Romeo Tipo 512 was intended to replace the Alfa Romeo 158 Voiturette racing car. It was designed by Wifredo Ricart as his second car for Alfa Romeo after the V16 engined Alfa Romeo Tipo 162.
The Cooper T86 was a Formula One racing car built by Cooper and first raced in 1967. B and C specification cars were also built to accommodate different engines, but the car could not revive Cooper's fortunes and this type represents the last Formula One chassis built and raced by the former champion team.
Ferrari has made a number of V12 racing engines designed for Formula One; made between 1950 and 1995. Some derived engines were also used in various Ferrari sports prototype race cars and production road cars.
Alfa Romeo has made three 8-cylinder Grand Prix racing engines designed for both Formula One and sports car racing; in both inline and V engine configurations. Their first was the supercharged 158/159, a straight-eight engine, with the 1.5 L engine configuration imposed by the FIA for forced induction engines, in 1950. After a 20-year gap, their second engine was the Tipo 33 engine, a 3-liter naturally-aspirated V8 engine, in 1970. Their third and final engine was the turbocharged 890T V8 engine in 1983, which was used by both Alfa Romeo until 1985, and Osella until 1988, until Alfa Romeo eventually pulled out of F1 that same year.
Ferrari made a series of turbocharged, 1.5-litre, V6 racing engines designed for Formula One; between 1981 and 1988. The engine was first used in the Ferrari 126C, in 1981.
Ferrari has made a series of 1.6-litre, turbocharged, V6, Formula One racing engines, starting with the Tipo 059/3 designation for the 2014 season.
Michel Têtu, born 6 August 1941, is a French engineer best known as a designer of racing sports cars and Formula 1 (F1) cars for marques such as Ligier, Alfa Romeo, and Renault.