Alfa Romeo 164

Last updated

Alfa Romeo 164
1991 Alfa Romeo 164L, front left (Hershey 2019).jpg
Overview
Manufacturer
Also calledAlfa Romeo 168 (Hong Kong and Malaysia)
Production1987–1998
AssemblyItaly: Arese Plant, Lombardy
Designer Enrico Fumia at Pininfarina [1]
Body and chassis
Class Executive car (E)
Body style 4-door saloon
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel-drive / four-wheel-drive
Platform Type Four [2]
Related
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,660 mm (104.7 in)
Length
  • 4,554 mm (179.3 in) (1988–90)
  • 4,557 mm (179.4 in) (1991–92)
  • 4,560 mm (179.5 in) (1993–94)
  • 4,665 mm (183.7 in) (Super)
Width1,760 mm (69.3 in)
Height
  • 1,390 mm (54.7 in) (1988–90)
  • 1,393 mm (54.8 in) (1991–92)
  • 1,390 mm (54.7 in) (1993–95)
Kerb weight 1,200–1,510 kg (2,650–3,330 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor
Successor Alfa Romeo 166

The Alfa Romeo 164 (Type 164) is a four-door executive saloon manufactured and marketed by Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 1987 to 1998, styled by Pininfarina, and cooperatively designed and sharing platforms and numerous elements with the Fiat Croma, Saab 9000 and Lancia Thema.

Contents

Predecessors of the 164 were the Alfa 90 and the luxurious Alfa 6. The 164 was followed by the 166 in 1998, after a combined production total of 273,857 units. [3]

Development

In October 1978, Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Lancia and Saab jointly agreed to each develop an executive saloon based on their shared Type Four platform ("Tipo 4" in Italian), to eventually compete against the likes of the Ford Granada and Opel Rekord (Vauxhall Carlton) as well as more premium saloons by BMW and Mercedes-Benz in the form of the 5 Series and E-Class, respectively.

Project 164 started life as Project 156 (not to be confused with Alfa Romeo 156) and was completed in 1981, then still under Alfa Romeo. A year later, that project morphed into the 164 based on the Type Four platform. [4] The new model was styled by Enrico Fumia of Pininfarina, [5] with a wedge shape yielding it a drag coefficient of  Cd =0.30. The design would later influence the rest of the Alfa Romeo range (starting in 1990 with the major redesign of the 33 and culminating with the 155.

Ultimately unveiled at the 1987 Frankfurt Motor Show, the 164 was the last model to be developed while the Alfa Romeo was still a fully independent company, and was formally launched a few months after the takeover by Fiat.

Design

Alfa Romeo 164 Turbo 1.JPG
1991 Alfa Romeo 164L, rear right (Hershey 2019).jpg
Alfa Romeo 164 (first series)

Enrico Fumia of Pininfarina was responsible for the 164 design, with the first 1:1 scale model produced in 1982. [6] Design cues were publicly revealed on the Alfa Romeo Vivace concept car, which was exhibited at the 1986 Turin Motorshow that went on to influence the design of the Alfa Romeo GTV and Spider (916 series) launched in 1994. [7]

The 164 became the first Alfa to benefit from extensive use of computer aided design, used to calculate structural stresses that resulted in a very rigid but still relatively lightweight chassis. Although sharing the same platform as that of the Lancia Thema, Fiat Croma and Saab 9000, by virtue of the fact that it was the last of the four to enter production, it featured unique front suspension geometry and the most distinctive styling of the lot. In fact, for example, the other cars all shared identical side door panels. Though still voluminous, the 164 had the tightest aperture to the rear boot, which had a 510-Litre capacity.

Overall, the 164 also benefitted from improved build quality relative to previous Alfas, due to the extensive use of galvanised steel for the frame and various body panels for the first time in the brand's history. Moreover, the car featured advanced (but troublesome) [8] electronics because of the most complex wiring harness fitted to any Alfa Romeo. For example: it had three onboard computers (one for air conditioning, one for instrumentation, and one for the engine management); air conditioning and instrument functions shared a multiple-mode coded Zilog Z80-class microcontroller for dashboard functioning). The instrumentation included a full range of gauges including an advanced check-panel.

1997 Alfa Romeo 164 Super interior AR-164-Super-TS-11.jpg
1997 Alfa Romeo 164 Super interior

Its interior was spacious and modern, available with standard velour seating or leather trim depending on the model. Its dashboard continued the avantgarde design of the exterior with a centre console that was dominated by a large number of seemingly identical buttons arranged in rows. Air-direction within the ventilation system was controlled by a pair of servomechanisms, which used fragile plastic gears.[ citation needed ]

Depending on the model, the 164 featured automatic climate control and electronically controlled damping suspension - the latter, for example, in the sports-oriented Quadrifoglio Verde ("Green Cloverleaf ") and 164S models. This suspension actively reduced damping in response to conditions to provide a dynamic compromise between road holding and comfort.

Range

The 164 was offered as a 4-door saloon, unlike the related Type Four cars that were available in other bodystyles (i.e. Croma and 9000 hatchback; 9000 and Thema sedans; Thema wagon). In addition, until 1993, the 164 was only available in front wheel drive like the related cars.

The original 164 range launched in 1987 comprised the following models: [9]

European export versions were fitted with catalytic converters to meet more stringent emission standards, and this included the Twin Spark Europa model.

Alfe Romeo 164 registered March 1997 2959cc.jpg
Alfa Romeo 164 Super TS MOD.jpg
Alfa Romeo 164 (second series)

In 1990, the range was expanded by the sports-oriented 3.0i V6 Quadrifoglio Verde (badged "QV" or "S"). In early 1991, the turbocharged four-cylinder "tax special" version was replaced by a turbocharged, 2-liter V6 with more power. North American export versions were new for the 1991 model year; this range included the luxury-oriented 164 L ("L" for Lusso in Italian) equipped with the 3.0-litre V6 rated at 183 hp (136 kW) and 185 lb⋅ft (251 N⋅m) of torque and the 164 S (in essence, the "QV") with an uprated 200 hp (149 kW) and 189 ft-lbs. [10] [11]

Apart from minor running production upgrades, the range was revamped and became known as the 164 Super in 1993. Key differences on the outside consisted of chrome trimmings added to the upper edge of the bumpers bars and revised headlights now with a slimmer profile. Inside, there were revised instruments and a centre console that featured more delineated switchgear.

The range was now also bolstered by the following models:

In the North American market, the new 24-valve version of the 3.0L V6 was rated at 210 hp (157 kW) and 198 lb⋅ft (268 N⋅m) of torque in LS trim while the S model developed 230 hp (172 kW) and 202 lb⋅ft (274 N⋅m). [11] The 3.0-litre V6 was the only engine ever offered there, and 1995 would prove to be the last year an Alfa Romeo sedan would be sold there until the 2017 model year.

The 164 was rebadged as the 168 for the Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Malaysian markets, as the number "164" had a very negative connotation (路死 — a Chinese homophone meaning "all the way to death"), and "168" has quite the opposite meaning (路發 — "all the way to prosperity"). [12]

Quadrifoglio Verde

Alfa Romeo 164 QV 1994 Alfa Romeo 164 3.0 V6 QV (40052994934).jpg
Alfa Romeo 164 QV

The 164 QV or Quadrifoglio Verde was available from 1990 to 1992 as the top of the range model. It was fitted with a bodykit that comprised an extended front spoiler, deeper side-skirts and a deeper rear apron. Inside, the QV featured sculpted sports seats whereas, mechanically, it was fitted with an up-rated version of the 3.0-litre V6 12-valve engine and adjustable damper settings. The engine sat 3 cm (1.2 in) lower, while the suspension was dropped by 2 cm (0.8 in). [13] The added power, up from 184 to 200 hp (135 to 147 kW), was the result of sharper cams, an increased compression ratio, and polished inlets and exhausts. [13] In some markets, like Australia, this was the only 164 available with a manual transmission. From 1992, this model was powered by the new 24-valve V6 engine.

Q4

Alfa Romeo 164 Q4 1993 Alfa Romeo 164 3.0 V6 Q4 (32269668194).jpg
Alfa Romeo 164 Q4

In 1993, Alfa Romeo introduced a four-wheel drive variant called the Q4 (short for Quadrifoglio 4), which was equipped with the most powerful 3.0-Litre V6 engine fitted to the 164, featuring 24-valves. The Q4's four-wheel-drive system ("Viscomatic") was co-developed with the Austrian company Steyr-Daimler-Puch. [14] and was more advanced than other systems offered at the time. The system consisted of a viscous coupling unit, central epicyclic differential and Torsen differential in the rear. Connected to the ABS and "Motronic" engine management modules, the power driven to the rear axle was continuously variable from 0 to 100% subject to road conditions. Torque was distributed between axles depending on the speed, turning radius, engine rpm, throttle position and ABS parametrics. This model was equipped with a Getrag 6-speed manual gearbox.

Engines

Alfa Romeo Twin Spark 8-valve 4-cylinder engine Motore alfa romeo 164 twin spark.jpg
Alfa Romeo Twin Spark 8-valve 4-cylinder engine
Alfa Romeo DOHC 24-valve V6 engine in 164 QV Alfa-Romeo 164 V6 24v (34383800286).jpg
Alfa Romeo DOHC 24-valve V6 engine in 164 QV

The base 164 engine was the 2.0 L Twin Spark inline-four engine with two spark plugs per cylinder. Apart from that, this engine was also notable for having a two-stage valve timing system (before Honda's VTEC), and an induction valve blade-type system, both aimed at improving low-end torque.

The block of the Twin Spark was the same 2.0 L that had been a part of Alfa's road and race car history since the 1930s. The engine featured fuel injection, controlled by a Bosch Motronic system as well as a chain-driven DOHC cylinder head, a single cooling fan and generator belt, improved reliability and reduced parasitic friction. The battery of all 164s was placed in the trunk to achieve a near 50:50 weight distribution.

Next was a turbocharged 2.0 L eight-valve engine, derived from the Lancia Thema i.e. Turbo, and including an overboost feature. This was later replaced by a turbocharged 2.0 L V6, which was based on the 3.0 L engine and was fitted with a very sophisticated engine management system from Bosch.

The top-of-the-line engine was the 3.0 L "Busso" V6 designed by Giuseppe Busso originally for the Alfa 6. Its 12-valve design was later upgraded to 24-valves for the new V6 models and, specifically, the QV and Q4.

For Europe, there was also a turbodiesel version with an engine sourced from the Italian engine maker VM Motori. Rated at 92 kW (125 PS; 123 hp), with this engine, the 164 had a top speed of 200 km/h (124 mph). [15]

A 2.0 L V6 turbocharged engine was intended for the domestic market, due to an Italian law at the time under which cars with engine displacement over 2000 cc had a value-added tax of 38% instead of the usual 18%.

Performance

ModelTypeDispl.PowerTorque0–100 km/h (0–62 mph)Top speedModel year
Petrol engines
2.0 8V I4 TS I4 2.0 L
(1,962 cc)		109 kW (148 PS; 146 hp)187 N⋅m (138 lbf⋅ft) at 4700 rpm9.2 s215 km/h
(134 mph)		1987–1989
2.0 8V I4 TS (cat)I42.0 L
(1,962 cc)		106 kW (144 PS; 142 hp)187 N⋅m (138 lbf⋅ft) at 4700 rpm9.9 s210 km/h
(130 mph)		1990–1992
2.0 8V I4 TSI42.0 L
(1,962 cc)		107 kW (146 PS; 144 hp)193 N⋅m (142 lbf⋅ft) at 5000 rpm9.9 s215 km/h
(134 mph)		1992–1994
2.0 8V I4 TS SuperI42.0 L
(1,995 cc)		107 kW (146 PS; 144 hp)187 N⋅m (138 lbf⋅ft) at 5000 rpm9.9 s215 km/h
(134 mph)		1995–1997
2.0 8V I4 TurboI42.0 L
(1,995 cc)		129 kW (175 PS; 173 hp) [lower-alpha 1] 265 N⋅m (195 lbf⋅ft) at 2500 rpm7.2 s225 km/h
(140 mph)		1987–1991
2.0 12V V6 Turbo V6 2.0 L
(1,996 cc)		154 kW (210 PS; 207 hp) [lower-alpha 1] 306 N⋅m (226 lbf⋅ft) at 2750 rpm7.2 s243 km/h
(151 mph)		1991–1992
2.0 12V V6 Turbo SuperV62.0 L
(1,996 cc)		151 kW (205 PS; 202 hp) [lower-alpha 1] 301 N⋅m (222 lbf⋅ft) at 2750 rpm8.0 s237 km/h
(147 mph)		1993–1997
3.0 12V V6V63.0 L
(2,959 cc)		141 kW (192 PS; 189 hp)261 N⋅m (193 lbf⋅ft) at 4900 rpm8.1 s230 km/h
(140 mph)		1987–1989
3.0 12V V6 (cat)V63.0 L
(2,959 cc)		135 kW (184 PS; 181 hp)261 N⋅m (193 lbf⋅ft) at 4900 rpm8.1 s230 km/h
(140 mph)		1990–1992
3.0 12V V6 Super V6 3.0 L
(2,959 cc)		132 kW (180 PS; 178 hp)255 N⋅m (188 lbf⋅ft) at 4400 rpm8.0 s230 km/h
(140 mph)		1992–1997
3.0 12V V6 QV V63.0 L
(2,959 cc)		147 kW (200 PS; 197 hp)274 N⋅m (202 lbf⋅ft) at 4400 rpm7.7 s237 km/h
(147 mph)		1990–1992
3.0 24V V6 SuperV63.0 L
(2,959 cc)		154 kW (210 PS; 207 hp)266 N⋅m (196 lbf⋅ft) at 5000 rpm8.0 s240 km/h
(150 mph)		1993–1997
3.0 24V V6 QVV63.0 L
(2,959 cc)		171 kW (232 PS; 229 hp)276 N⋅m (204 lbf⋅ft) at 5000 rpm7.5 s245 km/h
(152 mph)		1993–1997
3.0 24V V6 Q4 V6 3.0 L
(2,959 cc)		171 kW (232 PS; 229 hp)276 N⋅m (204 lbf⋅ft) at 5000 rpm7.7 s240 km/h
(150 mph)		1993–1997
Diesel engines
2.5 Turbodiesel I4 2.5 L
(2,499 cc)		86 kW (117 PS; 115 hp)260 N⋅m (190 lbf⋅ft) at 2200 rpm11.1 s200 km/h
(120 mph)		1987–1992
2.5 TurbodieselI42.5 L
(2,499 cc)		92 kW (125 PS; 123 hp)288 N⋅m (212 lbf⋅ft) at 2000 rpm10.8 s202 km/h
(126 mph)		1992–1997
  1. 1 2 3 Plus overboost.

Concept cars and variants

164 Pro-Car at the 2010 Goodwood Festival of Speed Alfa Romeo 164 procar.jpg
164 Pro-Car at the 2010 Goodwood Festival of Speed

In 1991, a shortened version of the 164 platform served as the basis of the all-wheel drive Alfa Romeo Proteo concept, which never eventuated.

The 164 also served as the basis of the Italdesign Scighera concept sports car unveiled in 1997. The Scighera sported the same 3.0-liter engine as the 164 but with 2 turbochargers.

In 1988, Alfa Romeo produced the 164 Pro-Car featuring a mid-engine layout and powered by the Alfa V1035 3.5 litre V10 engine. This unusual powerplant was originally planned to be used by the Ligier F1 team and was rated at 620 hp (462 kW; 629 PS) at 13,300 rpm and 340 N⋅m (250 lb⋅ft) of torque at 9,500 rpm. [16]  Weighing only 750 kg (1,653 lb), the 164 Pro-Car achieved a top speed of 340 km/h (211 mph) and had a quarter mile time of 9.7 seconds. [17] It was planned to race in a special racing series, as a support event to Formula One Grand Prix. With Alfa Romeo being the only manufacturer to produce a car for this series, the project was ultimately cancelled. Only one rolling chassis with the Alfa Romeo V10 was built by Motor Racing Developments Ltd., [17] the company behind the Brabham Formula One team, which was owned by Alfa Romeo at the time.

The 164 limousine modified by Top Gear Alfa-Saab stretched limousine - Top Gear (5963624886).jpg
The 164 limousine modified by Top Gear

The 164 was also the subjects of official and privately modified variants, the most notorious being:

In Italy, in particular, armoured versions were built for government officials alongside versions of the related Fiat Croma and Lancia Thema.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">V6 PRV engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The V6 PRV engine is an automobile petrol V6 engine that was developed jointly by Peugeot, Renault and Volvo Cars – and sold from 1974 to 1998. It was gradually replaced after 1994 by another joint PSA-Renault design, known as the ES engine at PSA and the L engine at Renault. It was designed and manufactured by the company "Française de Mécanique" for PSA, Renault and Volvo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saab 9000</span> Motor vehicle

The Saab 9000 is an automobile produced by the Swedish company Saab from 1984 to 1998. Representing the company's foray into the executive car scene, it was developed as a result of the successes of the turbocharged 99 and 900 models. The 9000 remained in production until May 1998 and it was replaced by the Saab 9-5 in late 1997, although some final cars were produced into 1998. The Saab 9000 was only available with petrol engines, in two different 5-door hatchback designs or as a 4-door notchback.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fiat Croma</span> Name used for two different large family cars produced by Italian automaker Fiat

The Fiat Croma name was used for two distinct large family cars by Fiat, one a five door liftback manufactured and marketed from 1985 to 1996, and after a nine-year hiatus, a crossover station wagon manufactured and marketed from 2005 to 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo 156</span> Compact executive car

The Alfa Romeo 156 is a compact executive car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo. It was introduced at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show as the replacement for the Alfa Romeo 155. The 156 received a positive reception and in the following year went on to win the 1998 European Car of the Year award. The 156 saloon was discontinued in Europe late in 2005, while the Q4 Crosswagon continued in production until the end of 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lancia Thema</span> Motor vehicle

The Lancia Thema is an executive car produced by the Italian automaker Lancia between 1984 and 1994, and one of four cars to share the Type Four platform alongside the Alfa Romeo 164, Fiat Croma and Saab 9000. The Thema was first shown in Turin Motor Show in 1984.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo 155</span> Motor vehicle

The Alfa Romeo 155 is a compact executive car produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo between 1992 and 1998. It was unveiled in January 1992 at Barcelona, with the first public launch in March 1992, at the Geneva Motor Show. A total of 195,526 units were made before it was replaced by the 156.

The Ferrari Dino engine is a line of mechanically similar V6 and V8 engines produced by Ferrari for about 40 years from the late 1950s into the early 2000s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Type Four platform</span> Motor vehicle platform

The Type Four chassis was a shared front wheel drive platform used in the 1980s and 1990s for the Saab 9000, Fiat Croma, Lancia Thema and Alfa Romeo 164.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo Brera and Spider</span> Italian sports car series

The Alfa Romeo Brera and the Alfa Romeo Spider are mid-size sports cars using the GM/Fiat Premium platform, manufactured by Pininfarina and marketed by Alfa Romeo as a 2+2 coupé and roadster respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo 75</span> Compact executive car

The Alfa Romeo 75, sold in North America as the Milano, is a compact executive car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo between 1985 and 1992. The Alfa 75 was commercially quite successful: in only three years, 236,907 cars were produced, and by the end of production in 1992, around 386,767 had been built.

Multijet is Stellantis's term for its current common rail direct injection turbodiesel engine range. Most of the Fiat, Alfa Romeo, and Lancia range, as well as certain Chrysler, RAM Trucks, Jeep, and Maserati vehicles, are equipped with Multijet engines. Ownership of some Fiat Multijet designs is shared with General Motors as part of a settlement of the failed merger between the two auto conglomerates. The GM Powertrain Torino group in Turin, Italy, manages its interest in these engines. Some PSA Peugeot Citroën diesel engines are also rebadged JTD units, and vice versa. Fiat's common-rail diesel engine is also known as JTD, an initialism of Jet Turbo Diesel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo GT</span> Motor vehicle

The Alfa Romeo GT is a coupe automobile that was produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo between 2003 and 2010. The GT was introduced in March 2003 at the Geneva Motor Show. Production commenced on 28 November 2003, the GT was built at the Pomigliano plant, alongside the 147 and 159. A total of 80,832 units were produced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo 166</span> Executive car produced by Alfa Romeo

The Alfa Romeo 166 is an executive car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo, between 1996 and June 2007. The car was designed by Centro Stile Alfa Romeo, under the control of Walter de Silva, and was facelifted in September 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo Giulietta (2010)</span> Italian compact hatchback

The Alfa Romeo Giulietta is a hatchback manufactured and marketed by Alfa Romeo, as a 5-door subcompact executive car. Production started near the end of 2009 and the model was introduced at the March 2010 Geneva Motor Show. The Giulietta placed second in the 2011 European Car of the Year awards. Between 2010 and 2019, production reached over 400,000. In 2020, Alfa Romeo announced that they were going to axe the Giulietta and production ended on 22 December 2020 spanning 10 years of sales from a period of 2010 to 2020. In total 469,067 examples were produced until 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lancia Kappa</span> Motor vehicle

The Lancia Kappa or Lancia k is an executive car manufactured and marketed by Italian manufacturer Lancia from 1994–2000, with saloon, estate, and coupé variants — sharing platforms with the Alfa Romeo 166. The Kappa has a front-engine, front-drive, five passenger, left-hand drive design.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo V6 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Alfa Romeo V6 engine is a 60° V6 engine made by Alfa Romeo from 1979 to 2005. It was developed in the early 1970s by Giuseppe Busso, and first used on the Alfa 6 with a displacement of 2.5 L (2,492 cc) and a SOHC 12-valve cylinder head. Later versions ranged from 1,996 to 3,179 cc and had DOHC 24-valve valvetrains. The original design had short pushrods for the exhaust valves in a design similar to earlier Lancia Fulvia engines. The first DOHC version was in the 1993 Alfa Romeo 164, with an aluminium alloy engine block and head with sodium filled exhaust valves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo MiTo</span> Italian supermini hatchback

The Alfa Romeo MiTo is a front-wheel drive, three-door supermini designed by Centro Stile Alfa Romeo and presented in 2008 at Castello Sforzesco in Milan with an international introduction at the British Motor Show in 2008. The MiTo was marketed across a single generation from 2008 to 2018, sharing the Fiat Small platform with the Fiat Grande Punto. Production reached 293,428 at FCA's Mirafiori plant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo Giulia (2015)</span> Italian compact executive sedan

The Alfa Romeo Giulia is a compact executive car produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo. Known internally as the Type 952, it was unveiled in June 2015, with market launch scheduled for February 2016, and it is the first saloon offered by Alfa Romeo after the production of the 159 ended in 2011. The Giulia is also the first mass-market Alfa Romeo vehicle in over two decades to use a longitudinal rear-wheel drive platform, since the 75 which was discontinued in 1992. The Giulia was second in 2017 European Car of the Year voting and was named Motor Trend Car of the Year for 2018. In 2018, Giulia was awarded the Compasso d'Oro industrial design award.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfa Romeo Stelvio</span> SUV

The Alfa Romeo Stelvio is a car produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo since 2016. As a D-segment model it slots above the smaller Tonale model in the marque's SUV range. A large SUV, it was first revealed at the 2016 Los Angeles Auto Show, introduced by a 60" short film directed by Louis Sebastian Pane, and entered production at the Cassino Plant at the end of 2016. In 2018 it was Alfa Romeo's best-selling model, with roughly 43,000 sold that year.

The Ferrari 268/282C/308C engine is a twin-turbocharged, 2.6-liter, 2.8-liter, and 3.0-liter, V-8 racing engine, designed, developed and built by Ferrari, for their sister company Lancia, to use in their Lancia LC2 Group C sports prototype race car; between 1983 and 1986. The engine itself is derived from the Dino engine.

References

  1. ↑ Baruffaldi, Silvia (1995). "Styling cues of tradition". autodesignmagazine.com. Auto&Design. Archived from the original on 7 August 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  2. ↑ "Curiosidades Tipo". Fiat Tipo Portugal. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  3. ↑ "164 Production". digest.net. Archived from the original on 5 April 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  4. ↑ "Tipo 156 – The Last Alfa Romeo". driventowrite.com. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  5. ↑ "Fumia Design". fumiadesign.com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  6. ↑ "When the Poets Dreamed of Angels". driventowrite.com. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  7. ↑ "The development of Alfa's 916 GTV & Spider". The Thinker's Garage.
  8. ↑ "Four of a Kind: The Alfa Romeo 164 and the "Type Four" Cars". ateupwithmotor.com. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  9. ↑ Andre. "alfisti.net". alfisti.net. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  10. ↑ Andre. "alfisti.net". alfisti.net. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  11. 1 2 "Alfa Romeo 164 data catalogue". www.automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  12. ↑ Robyn, Chris. "Alfa Romeo 168: What's in a Number?". digest.net. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  13. 1 2 Kjellström, PeO (18 April 1991). "Kärlekstrubbel" [Troubled love]. Teknikens Värld (in Swedish). Vol. 43, no. 8. Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB. p. 48.
  14. ↑ "Alfa Romeo 164 Q4 Mechanicals". krut.se. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  15. ↑ "THE 164 RANGE". www.digest.net. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
  16. ↑ "Alfa V10 164 Pro car". velocetoday.com. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  17. 1 2 "Alfa Romeo 164 Pro-Car". velocetoday.com. 2007. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
  18. ↑ eejyanaika1980 (10 November 2010). "Alfa Romeo 164 Vigili del Fuoco | Flickr - Photo Sharing!". Flickr. Retrieved 9 August 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ "Mezzi di soccorso (e non solo....) Alfa Romeo!!!" . Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  20. ↑ "Alfa Romeo 164 Register.com • View topic - 164 Sportswagon". Alfaromeo164register.com. Retrieved 9 August 2015.

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Alfa Romeo 164 at Wikimedia Commons

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.