Allamanda

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Allamanda
Hoa Thang Giu.jpg
Allamanda cathartica
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Rauvolfioideae
Tribe: Plumerieae
Subtribe: Allamandinae
A.DC. in DC. & A.DC.
Genus: Allamanda
L.
Species

See text

Synonyms [1]
  • OreliaAubl.

Allamanda is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. They are native to the Americas, where they are distributed from Mexico to Argentina. Some species are familiar as ornamental plants cultivated for their large, colorful flowers. Most species produce yellow flowers; A. blanchetii bears pink flowers. [2] The genus name Allamanda honors the Swiss botanist and physician Frédéric-Louis Allamand (1736–1809). [3] It is the official flower of Kuching North City Hall. [4]

Contents

Description

Plants of the genus are evergreen trees, [3] shrubs, or vines.[ citation needed ] They contain a white latex. The leaves are opposite or arranged in whorls of up to 5. The blades are generally oval and smooth-edged, and some are leathery or lightly hairy. The inflorescence is a compound cyme. The flower has five lobed sepals and a bell- or funnel-shaped corolla of five petals, yellow in most species. The fruit is a schizocarp containing two to four seeds. [3]

Flowers of Allamanda schottii Allemanda neriifolia 12.jpg
Flowers of Allamanda schottii
Allamanda schottii fruit Starr 071024-9779 Allamanda schottii.jpg
Allamanda schottii fruit

Chemistry and medicine

In lab analyses Allamanda species have yielded several chemical compounds, including iridoid lactones such as allamandin, plumericin, and plumierides. Plumericin particularly was demonstrated to be a highly potent NF-κB inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, while its structurally related derivatives plumierdin, plumeridoid C, and allamandicin did not have activity. [5] The lignan pinoresinol and coumarins such as scopoletin and scoparone have been isolated from A. schottii. [6]

Allamanda species have been used in systems of traditional medicine for various purposes. A. cathartica has been used to treat liver tumors, [6] jaundice, splenomegaly, and malaria.[ citation needed ] In analyses, some species have shown some activity against carcinoma cells, pathogenic fungi, and HIV.[ citation needed ]

In June 2022 a research team in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia, observed an orangutan chewing the stem and leaves of this plant, locally known as akar kuning, and applying the resulting paste and chewed leaves to a serious wound on its face. This is considered the first time a non-human species was seen deliberately preparing and applying medicine. After five days, the wound had closed, and fully healed three weeks later. [7] [8]

Cultivation

In the wild, allamandas grow along riverbanks and other open, sunny areas with adequate rainfall and perpetually moist substrate. The plants do not tolerate shade or salty or alkaline soils, and they are sensitive to frost. They grow rapidly, sometimes spreading 3 meters per year. They can be propagated from cuttings.

Can be trained as a standard.

Ecology

Allamandas have become naturalized throughout the tropics, growing in roadside ditches, abandoned yards, and dumps. A. cathartica in particular is an invasive species in Queensland. [9] Cutting is ineffective as a means of control, because the plants respond to coppicing.

Taxonomy

There are about 12 to 15 valid species in the genus. [3]

Allamanda blanchetii Allamanda blanchetii 1.jpg
Allamanda blanchetii

Species and synonyms include:

Allamanda angustifolia by Johann Pohl Allamanda angustifolia - Pohl-cropped.jpg
Allamanda angustifolia by Johann Pohl

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apocynaceae</span> Dogbane and oleander family of flowering plants

Apocynaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison. Members of the family are native to the European, Asian, African, Australian, and American tropics or subtropics, with some temperate members. The former family Asclepiadaceae is considered a subfamily of Apocynaceae and contains 348 genera. A list of Apocynaceae genera may be found here.

<i>Catharanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Catharanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. Like the genus Vinca, they are known commonly as periwinkles. There are eight known species. Seven are endemic to Madagascar, though one, C. roseus, is widely naturalized around the world. The eighth species, C. pusillus, is native to India and Sri Lanka. The name Catharanthus comes from the Greek for "pure flower".

<i>Jatropha</i> Genus of flowering plants in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae

Jatropha is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. The name is derived from the Greek words ἰατρός (iatros), meaning "physician", and τροφή (trophe), meaning "nutrition", hence the common name physic nut. Another common name is nettlespurge. It contains approximately 170 species of succulent plants, shrubs and trees. Most of these are native to the Americas, with 66 species found in the Old World. Plants produce separate male and female flowers. As with many members of the family Euphorbiaceae, Jatropha contains compounds that are highly toxic. Jatropha species have traditionally been used in basketmaking, tanning and dye production. In the 2000s, one species, Jatropha curcas, generated interest as an oil crop for biodiesel production and also medicinal importance when used as lamp oil; native Mexicans in the Veracruz area developed by selective breeding a Jatropha curcas variant lacking the toxic compounds, yielding a better income when used as source for biodiesel, because of its edible byproduct. Toxicity may return if edible Jatropha is pollinated by toxic types.

<i>Alyxia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Alyxia is an Australasian genus of flowering plant in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. It contains at present 106 species, but Alyxia stellata and A. tisserantii are very variable, might be cryptic species complexes, and are need of further study. It consists of shrubby, climbing or scrambling plants. This genus occurs in China, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, Australia, New Caledonia and the Pacific Islands. There are 14 species in Australia, 21 in New Caledonia and 7 in the other Pacific Islands, including Hawaiʻi.

<i>Plumeria</i> Genus of flowering plants endemic to the Americas

Plumeria, also known as frangipani, is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Rauvolfioideae, of the family Apocynaceae. Most species are deciduous shrubs or small trees. The species are native to the Neotropical realm, but are often grown as cosmopolitan ornamentals in tropical regions, especially in Hawaii, as well as hot desert climates in the Arabian Peninsula with proper irrigation.

<i>Allamanda cathartica</i> Species of plant

Allamanda cathartica, commonly called golden trumpet, common trumpetvine, and yellow allamanda, is a species of flowering plant of the genus Allamanda in the family Apocynaceae. It is native to Brazil. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.

<i>Rauvolfia</i> Family of shrubs and trees

Rauvolfia is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, commonly known as devil peppers, in the family Apocynaceae. The genus is named to honor Leonhard Rauwolf. The genus can mainly be found in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and various oceanic islands.

<i>Manihot</i> Genus of trees

Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.

<i>Allamanda blanchetii</i> Species of plant

Allamanda blanchetii is a species of perennial flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae native to Brazil. Cultivated as an ornamental plant, it grows in full sun in USDA Zones 9b through 11 including central and south Florida, southernmost Texas, and coastal California. This plant's purple, bell-shaped blooms are about 3" across. It is also called red bell. From the stem fiber can be extracted which is very strong and silky white after chemical treatment.

<i>Allamanda schottii</i> Species of flowering plant

Allamanda schottii, commonly known as bush allamanda, is a shrub of genus Allamanda in the family Apocynaceae, which is native to Brazil. Reaching 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) in height, it bears large yellow flowers for much of the year. Grown as an ornamental plant, it has become a weed in several countries.

<i>Himatanthus</i> Genus of plants

Himatanthus is a genus of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1819. It is native to Panama and South America.

  1. Himatanthus articulatus(Vahl) Woodson - widespread from Panama east to French Guiana and south to Bolivia
  2. Himatanthus attenuatus(Benth.) Woodson - Venezuela, Colombia, N Brazil
  3. Himatanthus bracteatus(A.DC.) Woodson - Venezuela, Colombia, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador
  4. Himatanthus drasticus(Mart.) Plumel - Guianas, Brazil
  5. Himatanthus lancifolius(Müll.Arg.) Woodson
  6. Himatanthus obovatus(Müll.Arg.) Woodson - Brazil, Bolivia, Guyana
  7. Himatanthus phagedaenicus(Mart.) Woodson - S Venezuela, NW Brazil
  8. Himatanthus semilunatusMarkgr. - Amazon Basin
  9. Himatanthus stenophyllusPlumel - Colombia, NW Brazil, Guyana, Suriname
  10. Himatanthus tarapotensis(K.Schum. ex Markgr.) Plumel - Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador
<i>Forsteronia</i> Genus of plants

Forsteronia is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1818. It is native to South America, Central America, Mexico, and the West Indies.

Malouetia is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1844. It is native to Africa, South America, Central America, and the West Indies.

<i>Peucephyllum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Peucephyllum is a monotypic genus of flowering plants containing the single species Peucephyllum schottii. Its common names include pygmy cedar, Schott's pygmy cedar, desert fir, and desert pine. It is not a cedar, fir, or pine, but a member of the aster family, Asteraceae. It is a leafy evergreen shrub with glandular, resinous foliage. It flowers in yellow flower heads which have only disc florets. The fruits are woody, bristly seeds with a pappus. This plant is native to the deserts of Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah in the United States and Baja California and Sonora in northern Mexico.

<i>Condylocarpon</i> Genus of plants

Condylocarpon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1822. It is primarily native to South America, though found also in Trinidad & Tobago and Nicaragua.

<i>Lacmellea</i> Genus of plants

Lacmellea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1857. It is native to South America and Central America.

  1. Lacmellea abbreviataJ.F.Morales - Colombia
  2. Lacmellea aculeata(Ducke) Monach - Peru, NW Brazil, the Guianas
  3. Lacmellea arborescens(Müll.Arg.) Markgr. - Brazil, Bolivia
  4. Lacmellea bahiensisJ.F.Morales - Bahia
  5. Lacmellea costanensisSteyerm. - N Venezuela
  6. Lacmellea densifoliata(Ducke) Markgr. - Pará
  7. Lacmellea edulisH.Karst. - Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
  8. Lacmellea floribunda(Poepp.) Benth. & Hook.f. - Peru, NW Brazil, Suriname, French Guiana
  9. Lacmellea foxii(Stapf) Markgr. - Peru
  10. Lacmellea gracilis(Müll.Arg.) Markgr. - N Peru, NW Brazil
  11. Lacmellea guyanensis(Müll.Arg.) Monach - French Guiana
  12. Lacmellea klugiiMonach. - Peru
  13. Lacmellea macranthaJ.F.Morales - Ecuador
  14. Lacmellea microcarpa(Müll.Arg.) Markgr. - Colombia, S Venezuela, NW Brazil
  15. Lacmellea oblongataMarkgr. - SE Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
  16. Lacmellea panamensis(Woodson) Markgr. - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
  17. Lacmellea pauciflora(Kuhlm.) Markgr. - Brazil
  18. Lacmellea peruviana(Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.) Markgr. - Peru
  19. Lacmellea pygmaeaMonach. - Amazonas State in Venezuela
  20. Lacmellea ramosissima(Müll.Arg.) Markgr. - Colombia, S Venezuela, NW Brazil
  21. Lacmellea speciosaWoodson - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
  22. Lacmellea standleyi(Woodson) Monach. - Belize, Guatemala, Honduras
  23. Lacmellea utilis(Arn.) Markgr. - S Venezuela, Guyana
  24. Lacmellea zamoraeJ.F.Morales - Costa Rica
<i>Odontadenia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Odontadenia is a genus of plant in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1841. It is native to southern Mexico, Central America, South America, and the West Indies.

  1. Odontadenia anomala(Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.) J.F.Macbr. - Peru, Bolivia
  2. Odontadenia campanulataJ.F.Morales - Colombia
  3. Odontadenia funigeraWoodson - Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
  4. Odontadenia geminata(Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Schult.) Müll.Arg. - 3 Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N Brazil
  5. Odontadenia glaucaWoodson - Amazonas State in S Venezuela
  6. Odontadenia gracilipes(Stadelm.) Woodson - Minas Gerais
  7. Odontadenia hypoglauca(Stadelm.) Müll.Arg. - Bolivia, Brazil
  8. Odontadenia killipiiWoodson - French Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, N Brazil
  9. Odontadenia kochiiPilg. - Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, N Brazil
  10. Odontadenia laxiflora(Rusby) Woodson - Peru, Bolivia, N Brazil
  11. Odontadenia lutea(Vell.) Markgr. - Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
  12. Odontadenia macrantha(Roem. & Schult.) Markgr. - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Central America, Trinidad & Tobago, 3 Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
  13. Odontadenia markgrafianaJ.F.Morales - French Guiana, N Brazil
  14. Odontadenia matogrossanaJ.F.Morales - Goiás, Mato Grosso
  15. Odontadenia nitida(Vahl) Müll.Arg. - Trinidad & Tobago, 3 Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia
  16. Odontadenia perrottetii(A.DC.) Woodson - Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, Guyana, French Guiana
  17. Odontadenia polyneura(Urb.) Woodson - Hispaniola
  18. Odontadenia puncticulosa(Rich.) Pulle - Central America, 3 Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia
  19. Odontadenia stemmadeniifoliaWoodson - Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
  20. Odontadenia verrucosa(Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum. ex Markgr. - 3 Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua
  1. Odontadenia cuspidataRusby = Mandevilla cuspidata(Rusby) Woodson
  2. Odontadenia duckeiMarkgr. = Mandevilla pohliana(Stadelm.) A.H.Gentry
  3. Odontadenia glandulosa(Ruiz & Pav.) K.Schum. = Mandevilla glandulosa(Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson
  4. Odontadenia macrocalyx(Müll.Arg.) Miers = Tabernaemontana macrocalyxMüll.Arg.

Neocouma is a genus of plant in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1898. It is native to northern South America.

<i>Rhigospira</i> Genus of plants

Rhigospira is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1878 by John Miers. The species, Rhigospira quadrangularis was first described as Ambelania quadrangularis by Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1860 but was transferred to the genus, Rhigospira, in 1878 by John Miers. The genus contains only one known species, Rhigospira quadrangularis, native to northwestern South America.

Secondatia is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1844. It is native to Jamaica and South America.

References

  1. ↑ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families" . Retrieved May 22, 2014.
  2. 1 2 de Souza-Silva, R. F. and A. Rapini. (2009). Allamanda calcicola (Apocynaceae), an overlooked new species from limestone outcrops in the States of Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil. Kew Bulletin 64(1), 171–74.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Allamanda. FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.
  4. ↑ "Laman Web Rasmi Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara". Archived from the original on 2017-11-17. Retrieved 2017-11-16.
  5. ↑ Fakhrudin N, Waltenberger B, Cabaravdic M, Atanasov AG, Malainer C, Schachner D, Heiss EH, Liu R, Noha SM, Grzywacz AM, Mihaly-Bison J, Awad EM, Schuster D, Breuss JM, Rollinger JM, Bochkov V, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM. Identification of plumericin as a potent new scaffold inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Dec 16. doi : 10.1111/bph.12558. PMID   24329519
  6. 1 2 Schmidt, D. D. F. N., et al. (2006). Evaluation of the anti-proliferative effect the extracts of Allamanda blanchetti and A. schottii on the growth of leukemic and endothelial cells. J Pharm Pharm Sci 9, 200–08.
  7. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68942123
  8. ↑ https://www.iflscience.com/orangutan-seen-treating-a-wound-with-a-medicinal-plant-in-world-first-observation-74034
  9. ↑ Allamanda cathartica. Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  10. ↑ "Allamanda cathartica". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  11. ↑ Allamanda cathartica. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. University of South Florida.
  12. ↑ "Allamanda schottii". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 29 December 2017.
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