Arylalkylamine

Last updated

Substituted arylalkylamines are a group of chemical compounds. These compounds are divided into two main categories: indolylalkylamines and phenylalkylamines.

These compounds are related to monoamine neurotransmitters, which are chemicals in the brain that transmit signals between nerve cells. Because of this, substituted arylalkylamines can have a wide range of effects on the body and mind. They are used in many medications, including:

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phenylpropanolamine</span> Sympathomimetic agent

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA), sold under many brand names, is a sympathomimetic agent which is used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant. It was previously commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. The medication is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methyltestosterone</span> Chemical compound

Methyltestosterone, sold under the brand names Android, Metandren, and Testred among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men, delayed puberty in boys, at low doses as a component of menopausal hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms like hot flashes, osteoporosis, and low sexual desire in women, and to treat breast cancer in women. It is taken by mouth or held in the cheek or under the tongue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Natural product</span> Chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism, found in nature

A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature. In the broadest sense, natural products include any substance produced by life. Natural products can also be prepared by chemical synthesis and have played a central role in the development of the field of organic chemistry by providing challenging synthetic targets. The term natural product has also been extended for commercial purposes to refer to cosmetics, dietary supplements, and foods produced from natural sources without added artificial ingredients.

Dysphoria is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction. It is the semantic opposite of euphoria. In a psychiatric context, dysphoria may accompany depression, anxiety, or agitation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Desipramine</span> Antidepressant

Desipramine, sold under the brand name Norpramin among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in the treatment of depression. It acts as a relatively selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, though it does also have other activities such as weak serotonin reuptake inhibitory, α1-blocking, antihistamine, and anticholinergic effects. The drug is not considered a first-line treatment for depression since the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, which have fewer side effects and are safer in overdose.

A chemotroph Greek words “chemo” and “troph” is an organism that obtains energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. These molecules can be organic (chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic (chemolithotrophs). The chemotroph designation is in contrast to phototrophs, which use photons. Chemotrophs can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. Chemotrophs can be found in areas where electron donors are present in high concentration, for instance around hydrothermal vents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Testosterone cypionate</span> Chemical compound

Testosterone cypionate, sold under the brand name Depo-Testosterone among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men, including hormone therapy for transgender men. It is given by injection into muscle or subcutaneously, once every one to four weeks, depending on clinical indication.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Testosterone enanthate</span> Chemical compound

Testosterone enanthate is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men. It is also used in hormone therapy for transgender men. It is given by injection into muscle or subcutaneously usually once every one to four weeks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Testosterone propionate</span> Chemical compound

Testosterone propionate, sold under the brand name Testoviron among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men. It has also been used to treat breast cancer in women. It is given by injection into muscle usually once every two to three days.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butriptyline</span> Atypical tricyclic antidepressant medication

Butriptyline, sold under the brand name Evadyne among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that has been used in the United Kingdom and several other European countries for the treatment of depression but appears to no longer be marketed. Along with trimipramine, iprindole, and amoxapine, it has been described as an "atypical" or "second-generation" TCA due to its relatively late introduction and atypical pharmacology. It was very little-used compared to other TCAs, with the number of prescriptions dispensed only in the thousands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protriptyline</span> Chemical compound

Protriptyline, sold under the brand name Vivactil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), specifically a secondary amine, indicated for the treatment of depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Uniquely among most of the TCAs, protriptyline tends to be energizing instead of sedating, and is sometimes used for narcolepsy to achieve a wakefulness-promoting effect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fluoxymesterone</span> Chemical compound

Fluoxymesterone, sold under the brand names Halotestin and Ultandren among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men, delayed puberty in boys, breast cancer in women, and anemia. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acecarbromal</span> Chemical compound

Acecarbromal (INN), also known as acetylcarbromal and acetyladalin, is a hypnotic and sedative drug of the ureide (acylurea) group discovered by Bayer in 1917 that was formerly marketed in the United States and Europe. It is also used in combination with extract of quebracho and vitamin E as a treatment for erectile dysfunction under the brand name Afrodor in Europe. Acecarbromal is structurally related to the barbiturates, which are basically cyclized ureas. Prolonged use is not recommended as it can cause bromine poisoning.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dimethisterone</span> Chemical compound

Dimethisterone, formerly sold under the brand names Lutagan and Secrosteron among others, is a progestin medication which was used in birth control pills and in the treatment of gynecological disorders but is now no longer available. It was used both alone and in combination with an estrogen. It is taken by mouth.

Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents. The compounds in this class span a variety of pharmacological subclasses, including stimulants, empathogens, and hallucinogens, among others. Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, mephentermine, tranylcypromine, bupropion, methoxyphenamine, selegiline, amfepramone (diethylpropion), pyrovalerone, MDMA (ecstasy), and DOM (STP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Substituted tryptamine</span> Class of indoles

Substituted tryptamines, or serotonin analogues, are organic compounds which may be thought of as being derived from tryptamine itself. The molecular structures of all tryptamines contain an indole ring, joined to an amino (NH2) group via an ethyl (−CH2–CH2−) sidechain. In substituted tryptamines, the indole ring, sidechain, and/or amino group are modified by substituting another group for one of the hydrogen (H) atoms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phenbenzamine</span> Chemical compound

Phenbenzamine, sold under the brand name Antergan and known by the former developmental code name RP-2339, is an antihistamine of the ethylenediamine class which also has anticholinergic properties. It was introduced in 1941 or 1942 and was the first antihistamine to be introduced for medical use. Soon following its introduction, phenbenzamine was replaced by another antihistamine of the same class known as mepyramine. Following this, other antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, promethazine, and tripelennamine, were developed and introduced. Owing to their sedative effects, phenbenzamine and promethazine were assessed in the treatment of manic depression in France in the 1940s and were regarded as promising therapies for such purposes. Whereas phenbenzamine was the first clinically useful antihistamine, piperoxan was the first compound with antihistamine properties to be discovered and was synthesized in the early 1930s.

<i>gamma</i>-Hydroxybutyraldehyde Chemical compound

γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CHO. It is a colorless liquid. The compound occurs in nature and is produced commercially.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acylurea</span> Class of chemical compounds formally derived from the acylation of urea

Acylureas are a class of chemical compounds formally derived from the acylation of urea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doisynolic acid</span> Chemical compound

Doisynolic acid is a synthetic, orally active, nonsteroidal estrogen that was never marketed. The reaction of estradiol or estrone with potassium hydroxide, a strong base, results in doisynolic acid as a degradation product, which retains high estrogenic activity, and this reaction was how the drug was discovered, in the late 1930s. The drug is a highly active and potent estrogen by the oral or subcutaneous route. The reaction of equilenin or dihydroequilenin with potassium hydroxide was also found to produce bisdehydrodoisynolic acid, whose levorotatory isomer is an estrogen with an "astonishingly" high degree of potency, while the dextrorotatory isomer is inactive. Doisynolic acid was named after Edward Adelbert Doisy, a pioneer in the field of estrogen research and one of the discoverers of estrone.

References

  1. Glennon RA (October 1999). "Arylalkylamine drugs of abuse: an overview of drug discrimination studies". Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 64 (2): 251–6. doi:10.1016/S0091-3057(99)00045-3. PMID   10515299. S2CID   10221368.
  2. Richard K. Ries; Shannon C. Miller; David A. Fiellin (2009). Principles of Addiction Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 245–. ISBN   978-0-7817-7477-2.
  3. Thomas L. Lemke; David A. Williams (24 January 2012). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 639–. ISBN   978-1-60913-345-0.