The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes. The Boletales are now known to contain distinct groups of agarics, puffballs, and other fruiting-body types.
The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface, instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete . A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes.
Suillus is a genus of basidiomycete fungi in the family Suillaceae and order Boletales. Species in the genus are associated with trees in the pine family (Pinaceae), and are mostly distributed in temperate locations in the Northern Hemisphere, although some species have been introduced to the Southern Hemisphere.
Xerocomus is a genus of poroid fungi related to Boletus. Many mycologists did not originally recognize the distinction between the two genera and placed Xerocomus taxa in genus Boletus. However, several molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that Xerocomus is a heterogeneous genus of polyphyletic origin, which has resulted in further division of Xerocomus into Xerocomellus and Hemileccinum. The members of the genus Xerocomellus are more closely related to Boletus than true Xerocomus is, which is relatively distantly related to Boletus and more closely related to Phylloporus. Other former Xerocomus species have since been moved to Aureoboletus, Imleria, Hortiboletus and Rheubarbariboletus.
Chalciporus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. There are approximately 25 species in the genus.
Boletellus obscurecoccineus, known as the rhubarb bolete, is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae, found in Australia, New Guinea, Java, Borneo, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. It is a distinctive and colourful bolete of the forest floor.
Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus is a species of bolete in the family Boletaceae, native to Europe. Previously known as Boletus rhodoxanthus, it was transferred in 2014 to the newly erected genus Rubroboletus, based on DNA data.
Aureoboletus longicollis is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae. First described under the name Boletus longicollis in 1879, it was transferred to the genus Boletellus in 1981 before being transferred to Aureoboletus in 2015.
Rossbeevera is a genus of sequestrate (truffle-like) fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was first published in 2012 under the erroneous name Rosbeeva, but was corrected to Rossbeevera in the same issue. The genus was created to contain species formerly placed in Chamonixia, but characterized by having ellipsoid to spindle-shaped spores with 3–5 longitudinal ridges, bluish-green to deep blue fruit body staining reaction, and a thin whitish peridium. The Chinese species R. yunnanensis is the earliest diverging lineage within the genus, and has a close phylogenetic relationship with the bolete genera Turmalinea and Leccinellum.
Aureoboletus gentilis is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Originally described as Boletus sanguineus var. gentilis by French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1884, it was transferred to the genus Aureoboletus by Zdeněk Pouzar in 1957. It is considered vulnerable in the Czech Republic.
Butyriboletus peckii is a fungus of the genus Butyriboletus native to eastern North America. It was first described by Charles Christopher Frost in 1878. Until 2014, it was known as Boletus peckii. Recent changes in the phylogenetic framework of the Boletaceae prompted the transfer of this species, along with several other related boletes, including Caloboletus calopus, to the genus Caloboletus. In 2015, Kuan Zhao and colleagues published analysis that demonstrated that the bolete belongs to Butyriboletus, closely related to Butyriboletus pulchriceps.
Hemileccinum is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was erected in 2008 by Josef Šutara to contain two species united by a number of shared morphological features: H. depilatum and the type H. impolitum. In 2014, Wu et al. found it to be distinct from other bolete genera in a molecular phylogenetic study and found it to be most closely related to Corneroboletus. In 2015, H. subglabripes was transferred to Hemileccinum from Boletus based on DNA evidence, while subsequent studies further confirmed the monophyly of the genus.
Lanmaoa is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by Chinese mycologists Nian-Kai Zeng and Zhu L. Yang in 2015 to contain several species formerly classified in the genus Boletus, as well as the newly described Asian boletes L. angustispora and L. asiatica. The erection of this genus follows recent molecular studies that outlined a new phylogenetic framework for the family Boletaceae. Zeng and Yang named the genus after Chinese naturalist Lan Mao (1397-1476).
Crocinoboletus is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. Circumscribed in 2014, it contains two species: Crocinoboletus laetissimus, and the type, C. rufoaureus. This latter bolete was originally described by George Edward Massee in 1909 from collections made in Singapore. The genus is readily characterized by bright orange fruitbodies that readily stain blue-olive when injured, and smooth spores. The cap cuticle is made of a trichoderm in the middle part of the cap, and a cutis at the cap margin. The intense orange color of the fruitbodies is caused by boletocrocin pigments.
Mu Zang was a Chinese mycologist. He was known for his research on the Boletales of China, and the ecology and biogeography of fungi in southwestern China. He described more than 140 new species and circumscribed three genera, published more than 150 research papers, was chief editor or co-editor for twelve books, and wrote two monographs on the Boletaceae of China. His final book, "Dictionary of the Families and Genera of Chinese Cryptogamic (Spore) Plants" was co-authored with his wife, Professor Xinjiang Li.
Aureoboletus zangii is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It is found in Shaanxi, China, where it grows on the ground in broad-leaved mixed forests dominated by Cyclobalanopsis and Quercus. Fruitbodies are characterized in the field by the yellow-brown to reddish-golden colours, and sticky cap and stipe. Similar species include the Asian species A. thibetanus and the European A. gentilis.
Caloboletus is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by Italian mycologist Alfredo Vizzini with Caloboletus calopus as the type species. The erection of Caloboletus follows recent molecular studies that outlined a new phylogenetic framework for the Boletaceae. Boletus peckii was also transferred to this genus by Vizzini, but was subsequently moved to the genus Butyriboletus based on molecular evidence. The generic name Caloboletus, derived from the Greek calos "nice", refers to the attractive red coloring of the stipe.
Aureoboletus moravicus, commonly known as the tawny bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae that is found in Europe. Originally described as Boletus moravicus by Václav Vacek in 1946, it was transferred to the genus Aureoboletus by Wolfgang Klofac in 2010. It is an uncommon bolete of unknown edibility that appears as a vulnerable species on some European Red Lists, and is considered critically endangered in the Czech Republic. Preferred habitats include parklands, near oak trees.
Afrocantharellus is a subgenus of fungi in the genus Cantharellus. Species in this subgenus are found in Africa and Asia.
Pulveroboletus sinensis is a species of blue staining bolete fungus of the family Boletaceae and the genus Pulveroboletus found in the Guangdong Province in China. It is characterized by its yellow to vivid-yellow pulverulent cap which can darken to a deep orange at the center, and is covered with deep-orange to brown-orange conico-pyramidal scales. The cap is cyanescent when cut or bruised, while the stem does not stain. These scales distinguish P. sinensis from a closely related species Pulveroboletus brunneopunctatus.
