Bifascicular block

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Bifascicular block
Bifascicular block.png
Two consecutive 12-lead ECGs recorded one minute apart on a symptomatic 82-year old male with Lev's disease. (Top) RBBB+LAFB. (Bottom) RBBB+LPFB+1°AVB.
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Bifascicular block is characterized by right bundle branch block with left anterior fascicular block, or right bundle branch block with left posterior fascicular block on electrocardiography. Complete heart block could be the cause of syncope that is otherwise unexplained if bifascicular block is seen on electrocardiography. [1] It is estimated that less than 50% of patients with bifascicular block have high-degree atrioventricular block, although the exact incidence is unknown. [2]

Contents

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) suggests using electrophysiology studies to look into it (EPS). When pharmacologic stress or incremental atrial pacing induces high-degree atrioventricular block, a permanent pacemaker (PPM) is recommended. If EPS is negative, long-term rhythm monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR) is advised. [3]

Most commonly, it refers to a combination of right bundle branch block (RBBB) and either left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) or left posterior fascicular block (LPFB), with the former being more common. [4]

Signs and symptoms

Patients who suffer from bifascicular block are more likely to experience syncope and unexpected death. [5]

Diagnosis

Treatment

In those with bifascicular block and no symptoms, little with respect to treatment is needed. In those with syncope, a pacemaker is recommended. [6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Shabbir, Muhammad Asim; Shaukat, Muhammad Hamza Saad; Ehtesham, Moiz; Murawski, Shannon; Singh, Sukhraj; Alimohammad, Rizwan (2022). "Bifascicular block in unexplained syncope is underrecognized and under-evaluated: A single-center audit of ESC guidelines adherence". PLOS ONE. 17 (2). PLOS: e0263727. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1763727S. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263727 . PMC   8884493 . PMID   35226666.
  2. ↑ M, Brignole; C, Menozzi; A, Moya; R, Garcia-Civera; L, Mont; M, Alvarez; F, Errazquin; J, Beiras; N, Bottoni; P, Donateo (2001). "Mechanism of syncope in patients with bundle branch block and negative electrophysiological test". Circulation. 104 (17): 2045–2050. doi:10.1161/hc4201.097837. ISSN   1524-4539. PMID   11673344. S2CID   8442192 . Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  3. ↑ M, Brignole; A, Moya; FJ, de Lange; JC, Deharo; PM, Elliott; A, Fanciulli; A, Fedorowski; R, Furlan; RA, Kenny; A, Martín; V, Probst; MJ, Reed; CP, Rice; R, Sutton; A, Ungar; JG, van Dijk (August 28, 2018). "2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope". European Heart Journal. 39 (21). Eur Heart J: 1883–1948. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037 . hdl: 2262/89469 . ISSN   1522-9645. PMID   29562304.
  4. ↑ "Lesson VI — ECG Conduction Abnormalities". Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
  5. ↑ Ohara, Kuniji; Yamada, Harumoto; Jochheim, David; Mehilli, Julinda; Chandrashekhar, Y.; Narula, Jagat; Lopes, Renato D.; Fanaroff, Alexander C.; Mack, Michael J.; Svensson, Lars G.; Nietlispach, Fabian; Bertel, Osmund (October 1, 1983). "Electrophysiologic evaluation of syncope in patients with bifascicular block". American Heart Journal. 106 (4). Mosby: 693–697. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(83)90089-3. ISSN   0002-8703. PMID   6613815 . Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  6. ↑ Epstein, Andrew E.; DiMarco, John P.; Ellenbogen, Kenneth A.; Estes, N.A. Mark; Freedman, Roger A.; Gettes, Leonard S.; Gillinov, A. Marc; Gregoratos, Gabriel; Hammill, Stephen C.; Hayes, David L.; Hlatky, Mark A. (2008-05-27). "ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities". Circulation. 117 (21): e350-408. doi: 10.1161/circualtionaha.108.189742 . ISSN   0009-7322. PMID   18483207.

Further reading

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