Caesium tribromide

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Caesium tribromide
Cesium tribromide.jpg
Identifiers
Properties
CsBr3
Molar mass 372.617 g·mol−1
Appearance
  • Orange solid [1] :8788
  • Dark red crystals [2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Caesium tribromide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CsBr3.

It can be obtained by crystallization from a concentrated aqueous solution of caesium bromide containing large amounts of bromine, [3] or by the hydrothermal reaction of caesium bromide, caesium bromate, and hydrobromic acid, in which bromine is generated in situ. [2]

It is isostructural with caesium triiodide and caesium diiodide bromide, and belongs to the orthorhombic Pmnb space group. [3]

It decomposes at 38 °C. [4]

It can oxidize some Au(I) complexes to Au(II) or Au(III) complexes. [5] [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arsenic tribromide</span> Chemical compound

Arsenic tribromide is an inorganic compound with the formula As Br3, it is a bromide of arsenic. Arsenic is a chemical element that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. This pyramidal molecule is the only known binary arsenic bromide. AsBr3 is noteworthy for its very high refractive index of approximately 2.3. It also has a very high diamagnetic susceptibility. The compound exists as colourless deliquescent crystals that fume in moist air.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gold(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Gold(III) bromide is a dark-red to black crystalline solid. It has the empirical formula AuBr3, but exists as a dimer with the molecular formula Au2Br6 in which two gold atoms are bridged by two bromine atoms. It is commonly referred to as gold(III) bromide, gold tribromide, and rarely but traditionally auric bromide, and sometimes as digold hexabromide. The analogous copper or silver tribromides do not exist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanadium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Vanadium(III) bromide, also known as vanadium tribromide, describes the inorganic compounds with the formula VBr3 and its hydrates. The anhydrous material is a green-black solid. In terms of its structure, the compound is polymeric with octahedral vanadium(III) surrounded by six bromide ligands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gallium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Gallium(III) bromide (GaBr3) is a chemical compound, and one of four gallium trihalides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terbium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Terbium(III) bromide (TbBr3) is a crystalline chemical compound.

Tin(II) bromide is a chemical compound of tin and bromine with a chemical formula of SnBr2. Tin is in the +2 oxidation state. The stability of tin compounds in this oxidation state is attributed to the inert pair effect.

Bromine compounds are compounds containing the element bromine (Br). These compounds usually form the -1, +1, +3 and +5 oxidation states. Bromine is intermediate in reactivity between chlorine and iodine, and is one of the most reactive elements. Bond energies to bromine tend to be lower than those to chlorine but higher than those to iodine, and bromine is a weaker oxidising agent than chlorine but a stronger one than iodine. This can be seen from the standard electrode potentials of the X2/X couples (F, +2.866 V; Cl, +1.395 V; Br, +1.087 V; I, +0.615 V; At, approximately +0.3 V). Bromination often leads to higher oxidation states than iodination but lower or equal oxidation states to chlorination. Bromine tends to react with compounds including M–M, M–H, or M–C bonds to form M–Br bonds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Indium(III) bromide, (indium tribromide), InBr3, is a chemical compound of indium and bromine. It is a Lewis acid and has been used in organic synthesis.

The thallium halides include monohalides, where thallium has oxidation state +1, trihalides in which thallium generally has oxidation state +3, and some intermediate halides containing thallium with mixed +1 and +3 oxidation states. These salts find use in specialized optical settings, such as focusing elements in research spectrophotometers. Compared to the more common zinc selenide-based optics, materials such as thallium bromoiodide enable transmission at longer wavelengths. In the infrared, this allows for measurements as low as 350 cm−1 (28 μm), whereas zinc selenide is opaque by 21.5 μm, and ZnSe optics are generally only usable to 650 cm−1 (15 μm).

There are three sets of Indium halides, the trihalides, the monohalides, and several intermediate halides. In the monohalides the oxidation state of indium is +1 and their proper names are indium(I) fluoride, indium(I) chloride, indium(I) bromide and indium(I) iodide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indium(I) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Indium(I) bromide is a chemical compound of indium and bromine. It is a red crystalline compound that is isostructural with β-TlI and has a distorted rock salt structure. Indium(I) bromide is generally made from the elements, heating indium metal with InBr3. It has been used in the sulfur lamp. In organic chemistry, it has been found to promote the coupling of α, α-dichloroketones to 1-aryl-butane-1,4-diones. Oxidative addition reactions with for example alkyl halides to give alkyl indium halides and with NiBr complexes to give Ni-In bonds are known. It is unstable in water decomposing into indium metal and indium tribromide. When indium dibromide is dissolved in water, InBr is produced as a, presumably, insoluble red precipitate, that then rapidly decomposes.

Cerium(III) bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula CeBr3. This white hygroscopic solid is of interest as a component of scintillation counters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrabutylammonium tribromide</span> Chemical compound

Tetrabutylammonium tribromide, abbreviated to TBATB, is a pale orange solid with the formula [N(C4H9)4]Br3. It is a salt of the lipophilic tetrabutylammonium cation and the linear tribromide anion. The salt is sometimes used as a reagent used in organic synthesis as a conveniently weighable, solid source of bromine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bismuth tribromide</span> Chemical compound

Bismuth tribromide is an inorganic compound of bismuth and bromine with the chemical formula BiBr3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berkelium compounds</span> Chemical compounds

Berkelium forms a number of chemical compounds, where it normally exists in an oxidation state of +3 or +4, and behaves similarly to its lanthanide analogue, terbium. Like all actinides, berkelium easily dissolves in various aqueous inorganic acids, liberating gaseous hydrogen and converting into the trivalent oxidation state. This trivalent state is the most stable, especially in aqueous solutions, but tetravalent berkelium compounds are also known. The existence of divalent berkelium salts is uncertain and has only been reported in mixed lanthanum chloride-strontium chloride melts. Aqueous solutions of Bk3+ ions are green in most acids. The color of the Bk4+ ions is yellow in hydrochloric acid and orange-yellow in sulfuric acid. Berkelium does not react rapidly with oxygen at room temperature, possibly due to the formation of a protective oxide surface layer; however, it reacts with molten metals, hydrogen, halogens, chalcogens and pnictogens to form various binary compounds. Berkelium can also form several organometallic compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphorus heptabromide</span> Chemical compound

Phosphorus heptabromide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PBr7. It is one of the phosphorus bromides. At normal conditions, it forms red prismatic crystals. PBr7 can be prepared by the sublimation of a mixture of phosphorus pentabromide and bromine.

Scandium bromide, or ScBr3, is a trihalide, hygroscopic, water-soluble chemical compound of scandium and bromine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Californium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Californium(III) bromide is an inorganic compound, a salt with a chemical formula CfBr3. Like in californium(III) oxide (Cf2O3) and other californium halides, including californium(III) fluoride (CfF3), californium(III) chloride, and californium(III) iodide (CfI3), the californium atom has an oxidation state of +3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iridium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Iridium(III) bromide is a bromide of iridium(III), with the chemical formula of IrBr3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neptunium tetrabromide</span> Chemical compound

Neptunium tetrabromide is a binary inorganic compound of neptunium metal and bromine with the chemical formula NpBr4.

References

  1. 1 2 Kriechbaum, Margit; Otte, Daniela; List, Manuela; Monkowius, Uwe (17 April 2014). "Facile oxidation of NHC-Au(I) to NHC-Au(III) complexes by CsBr3". Dalton Trans. 43 (23): 8781–8791. doi:10.1039/C4DT00695J. ISSN   1477-9226.
  2. 1 2 Lin, Yang-Peng; Huang, Xiao-Ying; Du, Ke-Zhao (March 2022). "Br2-free method for XBr3 (X = Cs, C8H20N, C16H36N) synthesis: Br2 solid storage and separation from aqueous solution". Materials Chemistry and Physics. 280. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.125820.
  3. 1 2 Breneman, G. L.; Willett, R. D. (1 June 1969). "The crystal structure of caesium tribromide and a comparison of the Br3 and I3 systems". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 25 (6): 1073–1076. doi:10.1107/S0567740869003554. ISSN   0567-7408.
  4. Harris, G.S.; McKechnie, J.S. (January 1982). "Thermogravimetric analysis and dissociation pressure of caesium trihalides". Polyhedron. 1 (2): 215–216. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)80991-2.
  5. Lane, Andrew; Barnes, Charles; Vollmer, Matthew; Walensky, Justin (8 October 2014). "Reactivity of Mononuclear and Dinuclear Gold(I) Amidinate Complexes with CS2 and CsBr3". Inorganics. 2 (4): 540–551. doi: 10.3390/inorganics2040540 . ISSN   2304-6740.

Further reading