Cannock Chase

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Cannock Chase
Cannock Chase Path.jpg
Cannock Chase AONB
Cannock Chase AONB locator map.svg
Location of Cannock Chase AONB in the UK
Location Staffordshire, England
Established1958
Website https://www.forestryengland.uk/cannock-chase-forest

Cannock Chase (grid reference SK000165 ), often referred to locally as The Chase, is a mixed area of countryside in the county of Staffordshire, England. The area has been designated as the Cannock Chase Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is managed by Forestry England. The Chase gives its name to the Cannock Chase local government district. It is a former Royal forest.

Contents

Geology

With the exception of the southeastern area, the Chase is almost wholly underlain by sandstones and conglomerates of the Chester Formation dating from the Triassic period. Formerly known as the Cannock Chase Formation, these form a part of the Sherwood Sandstone Group. Overlying these rocks in the Rugeley area are the, often pebbly, sandstones of the Helsby Sandstone Formation, formerly referred to in this area as the Bromsgrove Sandstone. Older literature will often refer to the bunter sandstone, a name which geologists no longer apply to the New Red Sandstone of Britain. Southeast of Rugeley Road the bedrock is provided by the mudstones, siltstones and sandstones of the Pennine Middle Coal Measures Formation, a succession dating from the end of the Carboniferous period, and which is separated from the overlying New Red Sandstone rocks by an unconformity. The Hednesford Hills are formed by the Chester Formation sandstones. [1]

A ‘humped profile’ dry valley running west–east, and followed by the bridleway between Brocton and Beggar's Hill is interpreted as a glacial overflow channel, operative during the ice age. An expanse of glacial till underlies Haywood Warren with smaller patches mapped elsewhere. Sand and gravel have been quarried in different parts of the Chase over the years, as at Wolseley today. [2]

Landscape, flora and fauna

The Chase is located between Hednesford, Huntington, Lichfield, Rugeley, Brocton, Milford and Stafford. It comprises a mixture of natural deciduous woodland, coniferous plantations, open heathland, small lakes and the remains of early industry, such as coal mining. The Chase was designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) on 16 September 1958 and is the smallest area so designated in mainland Britain, covering 68 km2 (26 sq mi). Much of the area is also designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Despite being relatively small in area, the chase provides a remarkable range of landscape and wildlife, including a herd of around 800 fallow deer and a number of rare and endangered birds, including migrant nightjars.

Efforts are [ when? ] underway to increase the amount of heathland on the chase, reintroducing shrubs such as heather in some areas where bracken and birch forest have crowded out most other plants. The local flora also includes several species of Vaccinium , including the eponymous Cannock Chase berry ( Vaccinium × intermedium Ruthe). [3] In January 2009, an outbreak of the plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum was discovered on the chase, at Brocton Coppice. Various restrictions were put in place in an attempt to prevent its spread. [4]

Visitor sites and landmarks

The Katyn Memorial at Cannock Chase. Katyn Memorial Cannock.jpg
The Katyn Memorial at Cannock Chase.

There are a number of visitor centres, museums and waymarked paths, including the Heart of England Way and the Staffordshire Way. There are also accessible trails to enable people to experience the health benefits of the Chase, such as The Route to Health. [5] Additionally, there are many unmarked public paths. On the north-eastern edge of the Chase can be found Shugborough Hall, ancestral home of the Earls of Lichfield. At its southern edge are the remains of Castle Ring, an Iron Age hill fort, which at 242 m / 794 ft is the highest point on the Chase. Several glacial erratic boulders are also found on the Chase, remnants of glaciation. One is mounted on a plinth.

The Chase has several war memorials, including German and Commonwealth war cemeteries. A memorial to the victims of the Katyn massacre was unveiled by Stefan Staniszewski, whose father Hillary, Zygmunt Staniszewski, died in the massacre. Preserved below the memorial are phials of soil from both Warsaw and the Katyn forest. Freda, the Harlequin Great Dane mascot of the New Zealand Rifle Brigade (Earl of Liverpool's Own) is also buried on the chase marked with a memorial marble headstone.

Mountain biking

The Chase is popular with cross-country mountain bike users. The purpose-built XC 'Follow the Dog' trail [6] is an 11 km (6.8 mi) technically challenging route, opened in 2005, starting and finishing at the Birches Valley Visitors/Cycle Centre. It is open to all; however, it is not recommended for beginners. A new section of XC trail was opened in April 2010. The 'Monkey Trail' (11.2 km (7.0 mi)) is a more technical trail that splits from 'Follow the Dog' at about the halfway point, then rejoins slightly further on. There are several features mountain bikers can look out for when riding on the chase, such as Kitbag Hill, Rabbit Hill, Quagmire Bridge, Roots Hall and Brocton Shorts.

Increasing popularity of the MTB trails led Network Rail to install a cycle bridge in 2013 at Moors Gorse to replace the previous pedestrian level crossing where multiple near misses indicated a high risk to cyclists. [7]

Entertainment

Since 2006, the forest has been used as an open-air music venue as part of the Forestry England nationwide Forest Live, with acts such as The Zutons, The Feeling, Status Quo and Jools Holland playing in a forest clearing.

Cannock Chase murders

The area gained notoriety in the late 1960s when the Cannock Chase murders made national headlines. The remains of three young girls were found on the Chase after going missing from areas along the A34 road between there and Birmingham. Raymond Leslie Morris, a motor engineer from Walsall, was found guilty at Stafford assizes of one of the murders in 1968 and was sentenced to life imprisonment. He died in prison in March 2014, aged 84, after serving 45 years. [8]

Model WW I battlefield

In September 2013 Staffordshire County Council allowed a team of local archaeologists and volunteers to excavate the World War I model battlefield near Brocton, [9] which had been constructed by German prisoners of war held in a camp on nearby Cannock Chase and guarded by soldiers of the New Zealand Rifle Brigade. [10] The model of the village and surrounding area of Messines in Belgium, which included replica trenches and dugouts, railway lines, roads, and accurate contours of the surrounding terrain, was open to public view for a few weeks before being buried again to ensure its preservation. [11] [12] [13] The excavation revealed many new details of the well-preserved 40 metre square battlefield. [14] Staffordshire County Council used laser-scanning technology to recreate the site as a 3D interactive model that can be explored online. [15]

The Chase Through Time

The Chase Through Time project [16] (2016–18) explored two thousand years of the history of the landscape of Cannock Chase AONB. It was a partnership between Staffordshire County Council, Historic England and the Heritage Lottery Fund. [17]

An archaeological survey using lidar which enabled researchers to see beneath trees coverage, and map usually unseen archaeological features in combination with historic aerial photographs, which illustrated changes to the landscape over the last 70 years. The project mapped archaeology from prehistoric burnt mounds, medieval and later coal mining, post medieval land division showing the early land management of the Chase, and aspects of the landscape's use in the First World War. 565 archaeological sites were mapped, with 436 of these sites new to the record. [18]

Since the 1970s, sightings of Black Eyed Kids, Black Dogs, [19] Werewolves, [20] British big cats, [21] UFOs, [22] and even Bigfoot have been reported in the local press. However no conclusive evidence has ever been produced verifying these claims, and they may best be thought of as forming part of local folklore.

The 1972 Labi Siffre album Crying Laughing Loving Lying features a track, written on Cannock Chase, and named after it. [23]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannock</span> Market town in Staffordshire, England

Cannock is a town in the Cannock Chase district in the county of Staffordshire, England. It had a population of 29,018. Cannock is not far from the towns of Walsall, Burntwood, Stafford and Telford. The cities of Lichfield and Wolverhampton are also nearby.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rugeley</span> Town in Staffordshire, England

Rugeley is a market town and civil parish in the Cannock Chase District, in Staffordshire, England. It lies on the north-eastern edge of Cannock Chase next to the River Trent; it is situated 8 miles (13 km) north of Lichfield, 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Stafford, 5 miles (8.0 km) north-east of Hednesford and 11 miles (18 km) south-west of Uttoxeter. At the 2021 Census, the population was 26,156.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannock Chase District</span> Non-metropolitan district in England

Cannock Chase is a local government district in Staffordshire, England. It is named after and covers a large part of Cannock Chase, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The council is based in the town of Cannock. The district also contains the towns of Hednesford and Rugeley, as well as a number of villages and surrounding rural areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hednesford</span> Market town in Staffordshire, England

Hednesford is a market town and civil parish in the Cannock Chase district of Staffordshire, England. The Cannock Chase area of natural beauty is to the north of the town. Hednesford is also 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of Cannock and 5 miles (8.0 km) to the south of Rugeley. The population at the 2011 census was 17,343.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Birmingham metropolitan area</span>

The Birmingham Metropolitan Area is an urban agglomeration located in the West Midlands region of England with a population of around 4.3 million people, making it the second largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. It comprises the three cities and four metropolitan boroughs which make up the Metropolitan county of the West Midlands, along with its commuter zones, which extend into the neighbouring district authorities of Bromsgrove and Redditch in Worcestershire; Cannock Chase, Lichfield, South Staffordshire and Tamworth in Staffordshire; and all five district authorities of Warwickshire, including the towns of Bedworth, Coleshill, Nuneaton, Royal Leamington Spa, and Warwick itself.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chase Line</span>

The Chase Line is a suburban railway line in the West Midlands region of England. It runs from its southern terminus, Birmingham New Street, to Walsall, and then Rugeley Trent Valley in Staffordshire, where it joins the Trent Valley line. The name of the line refers to Cannock Chase which it runs through at its northern end.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannock Chase (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1997 onwards

Cannock Chase is a constituency in Staffordshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Amanda Milling of the Conservative Party. She served as the Minister for Asia and the Middle East in the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office from 16 September 2021 to 7 September 2022.

Brindley Heath is an area of heath land on Cannock Chase situated between Hednesford and Rugeley in the Cannock Chase District of Staffordshire, England. The area also forms a civil parish, which at the 2001 census, had a population of 862, decreasing to 827 at the 2011 Census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brocton, Staffordshire</span> Human settlement in England

Brocton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Staffordshire. It is within the borough of Stafford. The village describes itself as the Gateway to Cannock Chase, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brocton F.C.</span> Association football club in England

Brocton Football Club is a football club representing Brocton, near Stafford, England. They are currently members of the North West Counties League Division One South and play at Silkmore Lane in Stafford.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Zealand Rifle Brigade (Earl of Liverpool's Own)</span> Military unit

The New Zealand Rifle Brigade (Earl of Liverpool's Own), affectionately known as The Dinks, was formed on 1 May 1915 as the third brigade of the New Zealand Division, part of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force. During the First World War it fought in Egypt, against the Senussi, and then on the Western Front. It was disbanded on 4 February 1919.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannock railway station</span> Railway station in Staffordshire, England

Cannock railway station serves the town of Cannock in the Cannock Chase, Staffordshire, England. It is situated on the Chase Line. The station and all trains serving it are operated by West Midlands Trains. The station is located over half a mile from the centre of the town, close to the suburbs of Stoney Lea and Hawks Green.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hednesford railway station</span> Railway station in Staffordshire, England

Hednesford railway station serves the town of Hednesford in Staffordshire, England. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by West Midlands Railway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rugeley Town railway station</span> Railway in Staffordshire, England

Rugeley Town railway station serves the market town of Rugeley, Staffordshire, England. The station is operated by West Midlands Railway, with services operated by West Midlands Railway and London Northwestern Railway. The station is situated around half a mile from Rugeley town centre. The station is located in Wharf Road.

The South Staffordshire Railway (SSR) was authorised in 1847 to build a line from Dudley in the West Midlands of England through Walsall and Lichfield to a junction with the Midland Railway on the way to Burton upon Trent, with authorised share capital of £945,000. It was supported by the newly-formed London and North Western Railway (LNWR) and the Midland Railway, giving each company access to important areas. It completed its main line in 1849. As collieries in the Cannock region rose in importance, it built a second main line from Walsall to Rugeley, as well as numerous short spurs and connections to lines it intersected. Colliery working in the Cannock area expanded enormously, and mineral traffic carryings increased in step.

Valley Colliery, commonly known as Valley Pit, was a deep coal mine and training centre located in Hednesford, Staffordshire, UK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannock Chase Coalfield</span>

Cannock Chase Coalfield is a coalfield in Staffordshire, England, lying directly under Cannock Chase. It forms a rough triangle between Brereton, Essington and Pelsall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hagley Hall, Rugeley</span>

Hagley Hall was formerly a country house on the outskirts of Rugeley, Staffordshire. After it came into the ownership of the Curzon family, the estate became known as Hagley Park and appeared under that name in 19th century gazetteers, where it was described as "a fine old house and grounds". The site was progressively demolished during the 20th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hednesford Park</span> Park in Hednesford, England

Hednesford Park is a park located in Hednesford, Staffordshire, England. The park covers an area of 24 acres, consisting of a recreational field area, running track, skatepark, play area, cafe, and tennis courts. The park is adjacent to Hednesford town centre and the Hednesford Hills nature reserve.

References

  1. ↑ "Geoindex Onshore". British Geological Survey. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  2. ↑ Burton upon Trent Sheet 140 Solid and Drift Edition. Keyworth, Notts: British Geological Survey. 1982.
  3. ↑ "The Flora of The Chase". Cannockchasehistory.org.uk. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  4. ↑ "Sudden Oak Death at Brocton Coppice, Cannock Chase". West Midland Bird Club. 6 January 2006. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  5. ↑ "The Route to Health". Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  6. ↑ "'Follow the Dog' trail". Chasetrails.co.uk. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  7. ↑ "Cannock Chase cyclists riding high as £1.5m bridge opens". 26 June 2013.
  8. ↑ "Life meant life for wicked killer Raymond Morris". Express & Star. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  9. ↑ "The Archaeology of the Camps". www.staffspasttrack.org.uk.
  10. ↑ "The New Zealand Rifle Brigade". www.staffspasttrack.org.uk.
  11. ↑ "Brocton WWI model battlefield excavation to begin". BBC News. 2 September 2013.
  12. ↑ "Archaeologists uncover practice WW1 battlefield". NZ Herald.
  13. ↑ "Brocton WWI model battlefield excavation to begin, War History Online, 2 September 2013". Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  14. ↑ "Battlefield emerges from under Cannock Chase bushes, Express & Star, 11 September 2013". Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  15. ↑ "Brocton's lost Army 'tribute' excavated after a century". BBC News. 10 September 2013.
  16. ↑ "Chase Through Time Home". www.chasethroughtime.info. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  17. ↑ "The Chase Through Time - Staffordshire County Council". www.staffordshire.gov.uk. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  18. ↑ Carpenter, Knight, Pullen, Small (2018). "Cannock Chase, Staffordshire: The Chase Through Time: Historic England Contribution. Historic England Research Report 7/2018". research.historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 10 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ "Hellhound stalking Cannock Chase? - Cannock Chase Post". Chasepost.net. 12 March 2009. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  20. ↑ "Stoke & Staffordshire - Discover Staffordshire - Werewolves in Staffordshire". BBC. 29 September 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  21. ↑ "The Beast of Cannock Chase is back: Mystery deepens". Sunday Mercury. 20 August 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  22. ↑ "Chase Post - Cannock Chase X-Files". Forums.sundaymail.co.uk. 16 May 1988. Archived from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  23. ↑ "Labi Siffre on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 9 November 2018.

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