Cynodon

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Bermuda grass
Cynodon dactylon.jpg
Cynodon dactylon
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Chloridoideae
Tribe: Cynodonteae
Subtribe: Eleusininae
Genus: Cynodon
Rich. in Pers. 1805, not Brid. 1819 (a moss in family Ditrichaceae)
Type species
Cynodon dactylon
Synonyms [1]
  • Brachyachne(Benth.) Stapf
  • CapriolaAdans.
  • DactilonVill.
  • DactylonRoem. & Schult., pro syn.
  • DactylusAsch., not validly publ.
  • FibichiaKoeler

Cynodon is a genus of plants in the grass family. [2] It is native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Old World, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in the New World and on many oceanic islands.

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus name comes from Greek words meaning "dog-tooth". The genus as a whole as well as its species are commonly known as Bermuda grass or dog's tooth grass.[ citation needed ]

Species [1] [3]
Formerly included [4]

Several species now considered better suited to other genera, namely Arundo , Bouteloua , Chloris , Cortaderia , Ctenium , Digitaria , Diplachne , Eleusine , Enteropogon , Eragrostis , Eustachys , Gynerium , Leptochloa , Molinia , Muhlenbergia , Phragmites , Poa , Spartina , Tridens , and Trigonochloa .

Cultivation and uses

Some species, most commonly C. dactylon, are grown as lawn grasses in warm temperate regions, such as the Sunbelt area of the United States where they are valued for their drought tolerance compared to most other lawn grasses. Propagation is by rhizomes, stolons, or seeds. In some cases it is considered to be a weed; it spreads through lawns and flower beds, where it can be difficult to kill with herbicides without damaging other grasses or plants. It is difficult to pull out because the rhizomes and stolons break readily, and then re-grow.

It is also noted for its common use on the surface of greens on golf courses, as well as football and baseball playing fields.

Recent news reports claim that a Bermuda-derived F1 hybrid called Tifton 85 suddenly started producing cyanide and killed a cattle herd in Texas, USA. [5] [6] [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Arundo</i> Genus of grasses

Arundo is a genus of stout, perennial plants in the grass family.

<i>Cynosurus</i> Genus of grasses

Cynosurus is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the grass family. Plants in this genus are known generally as dogstail grass. They are native to the Mediterranean Basin and neighboring regions, but some have been introduced into Australia as well as North and South America.

<i>Chloris</i> (plant) Genus of grasses

Chloris is a widespread genus of monophyletic grasses belonging to the family Poaceae, known generally as windmill grass or finger grass. The genus is found worldwide, but especially in the tropical and subtropical regions, and more often in the Southern Hemisphere. The species are variable in morphology, but in general, the plants are less than 0.5 m in height. They bear inflorescences shaped like umbels, with several plumes lined with rows of spikelets. The genus is characterized by the series of sterile florets above the lowest fertile ones, spikes usually 4–10 in numbers, approximated or in a slightly separated series of 10–20 spikes, rarely an indefinite numbers of terminal spikes. In India, 11 species are known to occur in which only two are endemic viz. Chloris wightiana Nees ex Steud. and Chloris bournei Rangachariar & Tadulingam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tussock grass</span> Species of grass

Tussock grasses or bunch grasses are a group of grass species in the family Poaceae. They usually grow as singular plants in clumps, tufts, hummocks, or bunches, rather than forming a sod or lawn, in meadows, grasslands, and prairies. As perennial plants, most species live more than one season. Tussock grasses are often found as forage in pastures and ornamental grasses in gardens.

<i>Dinebra</i> Genus of grasses

Dinebra is a genus of Asian, African, and Pacific Island plants in the grass family.

<i>Leptochloa</i> Genus of grasses

Leptochloa is a widespread genus of Asian, Australian, and American plants in the grass family.

<i>Digitaria didactyla</i> Species of flowering plant

Digitaria didactyla is a species of grass known by the common names blue couch, Queensland blue couch, blue serangoon grass, green serangoon grass, blue stargrass, and petit gazon. It is native to Mauritius, Réunion, parts of mainland Africa, and Madagascar. It has been introduced widely outside its native range, mainly for use as a pasture and turf grass. It has naturalized in some regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cynodonteae</span> Tribe of grasses

Cynodonteae is a large tribe of grasses in the subfamily Chloridoideae, with over 800 species.

Nonnative grasses that are invasive in Brazil include Arundo donax, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Cortaderia selloana, Nassella neesiana, Spartina densiflora, and Spartina alterniflora. These species have been identified and are being managed by the Ministry of Environment and Forest.

References

  1. 1 2 "Cynodon Rich." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 2024-11-23.
  2. Richard, Louis Claude Marie, in Persoon, Christiaan Hendrik. 1805. Synopsis Plantarum 1: 85
  3. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  4. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. CBS News (June 23, 2012). "Grass linked to Texas cattle deaths". CBS News. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  6. Glenn W. Burton; Roger N. Gates; Gary M. Hill. "TIFTON 85 BERMUDAGRASS". University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  7. T.L. Provin; J.L. Pitt. "Nitrates and Prussic Acid in Forages" (PDF). Texas A&M University System. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.

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