Cynosurus

Cynosurus
Cynosurus echinatus [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Pooideae
Supertribe:	Poodae
Tribe:	Poeae
Subtribe:	Cynosurinae Fr.
Genus:	Cynosurus L.
Type species
Cynosurus cristatus L. [2] [3]
Synonyms [4]
Phalona Dumort.

Cynosurus is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the grass family. Plants in this genus are known generally as dogstail grass. They are native to the Europe, the Azores, Algeria, Tunisia, Turkey, the Caucasus, and Iran, ^[4] but some have been introduced into Australia as well as North and South America. ^{[5] [6] [7] [8]}

Species

Three species are currently accepted. ^[4]

• Cynosurus cristatus L. - Europe, Azores, Caucasus, Iran, Turkey
• Cynosurus peltieri Maire - Algeria, Tunisia
• Cynosurus polybracteatus Poir. - Algeria, Tunisia

Formerly included

Numerous names have been coined using the name Cynosurus, applied to species now regarded as better suited to other genera ( Aegopogon, Apera, Beckmannia, Bouteloua, Centotheca, Chloris, Ciliochloa, Coelachyrum, Cynodon, Dactyloctenium, Desmostachya, Dinebra, Eleusine, Enteropogon, Falona, Festuca, Harpochloa, Lamarckia, Leptochloa, Ochthochloa, Oreochloa, Polypogon, Rostraria, Sclerochloa, Sesleria, Sesleriella, Tribolium , and Wangenheimia ). Here are links to help you find the appropriate information. ^{[9] [4]}

• Cynosurus aegyptiacus - Dactyloctenium aegyptium
• Cynosurus aegyptius - Dactyloctenium aegyptium
• Cynosurus ara - Eleusine indica
• Cynosurus aureus - Lamarckia aurea
• Cynosurus balansaeCoss. & Durieu – Falona balansae (Coss. & Durieu) V.Jirásek & Chrtek
• Cynosurus caeruleus - Sesleria caerulea
• Cynosurus capillaceus - Leptochloa chinensis
• Cynosurus capillaris - Leptochloa panicea
• Cynosurus capitatus - Sesleria ovata
• Cynosurus carolinianus - Dactyloctenium aegyptium
• Cynosurus cavara - Dactyloctenium aegyptium
• Cynosurus ciliarisRaspail 1825 - Centotheca lappacea
• Cynosurus ciliarisRottler ex Hook.f 1896 - Dactyloctenium aegyptium
• Cynosurus coeruleus - Sesleria argentea
• Cynosurus coloratusLehm. ex Steud. - Falona colorata (Lehm. ex Steud.) Röser, Tkach & Rasti
• Cynosurus coracanus - Eleusine coracana
• Cynosurus coromandelianus - Dinebra retroflexa
• Cynosurus cylindricus - Sesleria argentea
• Cynosurus dactylon - Cynodon dactylon
• Cynosurus distachyos - Dactyloctenium aegyptium
• Cynosurus distichus - Oreochloa disticha
• Cynosurus domingensis - Leptochloa virgata
• Cynosurus durusForssk. 1775 - Desmostachya bipinnata
• Cynosurus durusL. 1753 - Sclerochloa dura
• Cynosurus echinatus L. - Falona echinata (L.) Dumort.
• Cynosurus elegans Desf. –  Ciliochloa elegans (Desf.) Röser, Tkach & Rasti
• Cynosurus eruciformis - Beckmannia eruciformis
• Cynosurus falcatus - Harpochloa falx
• Cynosurus filiformis - Chloris filiformis
• Cynosurus floccifolius - Eleusine floccifolia
• Cynosurus glaber - Dactyloctenium glabrum
• Cynosurus gracilisCav. ex Roem. & Schult 1817. not Viv. 1824 - Aegopogon cenchroides
• Cynosurus indicus - Eleusine indica
• Cynosurus junceusMurb. –  Falona juncea (Murb.) V.Jirásek & Chrtek
• Cynosurus juncifolius - Sesleria juncifolia
• Cynosurus lagopoides - Coelachyrum lagopoides
• Cynosurus lima - Wangenheimia lima
• Cynosurus macara - Dactyloctenium aegyptium
• Cynosurus macrocephalus - Sesleria ovata
• Cynosurus magellanicus - Festuca magellanica
• Cynosurus microcephalus - Sesleria ovata
• Cynosurus monostachyos - Enteropogon monostachyos
• Cynosurus ovatus - Psilathera ovata
• Cynosurus paniceus - Polypogon monspeliensis
• Cynosurus paniculatus - Tribolium uniolae
• Cynosurus paniculatus - Dinebra retroflexa
• Cynosurus paspaloides - Eustachys paspaloides
• Cynosurus pectinatus - Eleusine indica
• Cynosurus penicillatus - Chloris virgata
• Cynosurus phleoides - Rostraria hispida
• Cynosurus retroflexus - Dinebra retroflexa
• Cynosurus rupestris - Sesleria caerulea
• Cynosurus scoparius - Chloris radiata
• Cynosurus secundus - Bouteloua curtipendula
• Cynosurus sesleria - Sesleria caerulea
• Cynosurus siculus - Desmazeria sicula
• Cynosurus sphaerocephalus - Sesleriella sphaerocephala
• Cynosurus splendens - Apera interrupta
• Cynosurus tenellus - Aegopogon tenellus
• Cynosurus tenerrimus - Leptochloa panicea
• Cynosurus ternatus - Chloris flagellifera
• Cynosurus tristachyos - Eleusine tristachya
• Cynosurus turcomanicusProskur. – Ciliochloa turcomanica (Proskur.) Röser, Tkach & Rasti
• Cynosurus uniflorus - Cynodon dactylon
• Cynosurus uniolae - Tribolium uniolae
• Cynosurus virgatus - Leptochloa virgata

References

1. 1898 illustration from Janus (Jan) Kops (1765–1849)& F. W. van Eeden, Flora Batava. Afbeelding en beschrijving der Nederlandsche Gewassen. (1898)
2. lectotype designated by Nash in N. L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 1: 251. 7 Jun 1913
3. Tropicos, Cynosurus L.
4. "Cynosurus L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 13 May 2025.
5. Long, S. Cynosurus L. Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine Grass Manual. Flora of North America.
6. Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 245 洋狗尾草属 yang gou wei cao shu Cynosurus
7. Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Cynosurus
8. United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
9. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families