Derris taiwaniana

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Derris taiwaniana
Millettia pachycarpa Benth.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Derris
Species:
D. taiwaniana
Binomial name
Derris taiwaniana
(Hayata) Z.Q.Song (2022)
Synonyms [2]
  • Millettia dunniiMerr. (1918)
  • Millettia fooningensisHu (1955)
  • Millettia pachycarpa Benth. (1852)
  • Millettia taiwaniana(Hayata) Hayata (1920)
  • Phaseoloides pachycarpum(Benth.) Kuntze (1891)
  • Pongamia taiwanianaHayata (1913)
  • Whitfordiodendron taiwanianum(Hayata) Ohwi (1936)

Derris taiwaniana is a perennial climbing shrub belonging to the genus Derris . It is known by several synonyms, including Millettia pachycarpa and M. taiwaniana. [2] It is widely used in traditional practices, such as for poisoning fish, agricultural pesticide, blood tonic, and treatments of cancer and infertility. The bark fiber is used for making strong ropes. [3] [4]

Contents

It is endemic to south-east Asian region including Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. In India it is found only in the eastern region such as Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura and West Bengal. [5] [6]

Description

Derris taiwaniana is a climbing shrub. It has dark brown inflated legumes that are densely covered with rough pale yellow warts. The leguminous pods contain one to five dark brown reniform seeds. The leaves have 13 to 17 papery leaflets and the flowers are lilac-colored. Rachis are 30–50 cm (12–20 in), including petiole 7–9 cm (3–4 in). Leaflet blades are elliptic-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute. Legume dark brown, oblong or when 1-seeded ovoid, inflated, densely covered with pale yellow warts. Pseudoracemes with two to six branches beneath new stems, 15–30 cm (6–12 in), brown tomentose; rachis nodes with two to five flowers clustered on a 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) spur. [6]

Traditional uses

Fish poison

Among the tribal natives of north-east India and Tsou people of Taiwan, the juice extract of the crushed root and seed are widely used as fish poison in traditional fishing; and hence the common name 'fish poison climber'. [7] [8] [9] [10] The natives smash the plant parts against rocks, and let the juice extract run into the water. Fishes are easily stupefied and subsequently paralyzed. Then they are collected by hands or nets or baskets.

Traditional medicine

It is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a blood tonic and to induce the growth of red blood cells [4] and as cancer therapy in a preparation called 'Jixueteng'. [11] [12] The crushed concoction of D. taiwaniana leaves are used by some native tribals of north-east India, and the root bark is also directly eaten for treating intestinal infection.

Insecticide

The finely ground seeds are prepared in suspension which is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine as insecticide against insect pests. [13] A 5% water suspension of the seeds is as effective as 0.1 % benzene hexachloride spray when used against the ten-spotted grape leaf-beetle, Oides decempunctata; and also more potent than phenothiazine against the fifth-instar small white butterfly, Pieris rapae . [14] The dried powder of the root is also effective against bean aphids, silkworm and Mexican bean beetle. [15] Isolation of rotenone and other rotenoids from the root leaves no doubt for its insecticidal property as these compounds are well established insecticides. [16] [17]

Chemical constituents

A number of chemical compounds have been isolated from D. taiwaniana including several prenylflavonoids, dihydroflavonols, and chalconoids from the seed, [18] rotenoids such as rotenone, cis-12a-hydroxyretenone, rot-2′-enonic acid and cis-12a-hydroxyrot-2′-enonic acid from the root, [16] [17] and barbigerone. [19] Several chemical analyses have yielded a number of novel prenylated isoflavones including erysenegalensein E, euchrenone b10, isoerysenegalensein E, 6,8-diprenylorobol, furowanin A and B, millewanins F, G and H, warangalone, and auriculasin from the leaves. [20] [21] The major flavonoid component of the stem was found to be auriculasin (6). [22] In addition, terpenoids such as epifriedinol [ clarification needed ] and friedelin, and steroids (phytosterols) such as campesterol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol are also identified from the stem and leaf. [23]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotenone</span> Chemical compound

Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine, and in the roots of several other members of the Fabaceae. It was the first-described member of the family of chemical compounds known as rotenoids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phytoestrogen</span> Plant-derived xenoestrogen

A phytoestrogen is a plant-derived xenoestrogen not generated within the endocrine system, but consumed by eating plants or manufactured foods. Also called a "dietary estrogen", it is a diverse group of naturally occurring nonsteroidal plant compounds that, because of its structural similarity to estradiol (17-β-estradiol), have the ability to cause estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. Phytoestrogens are not essential nutrients because their absence from the diet does not cause a disease, nor are they known to participate in any normal biological function. Common foods containing phytoestrogens are soy protein, beans, oats, barley, rice, coffee, apples, carrots.

Isoflavones are substituted derivatives of isoflavone, a type of naturally occurring isoflavonoids, many of which act as phytoestrogens in mammals. Isoflavones occur in many plant species, but are especially high in soybeans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycyrrhizol</span> Chemical compound

Glycyrrhizol A is a prenylated pterocarpan and an isoflavonoid derivative. It is a compound isolated from the root of the Chinese licorice plant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daidzein</span> Chemical compound

Daidzein is a naturally occurring compound found exclusively in soybeans and other legumes and structurally belongs to a class of compounds known as isoflavones. Daidzein and other isoflavones are produced in plants through the phenylpropanoid pathway of secondary metabolism and are used as signal carriers, and defense responses to pathogenic attacks. In humans, recent research has shown the viability of using daidzein in medicine for menopausal relief, osteoporosis, blood cholesterol, and lowering the risk of some hormone-related cancers, and heart disease. Despite the known health benefits, the use of both puerarin and daidzein is limited by their poor bioavailability and low water solubility.

<i>Derris</i> Genus of legumes

Derris is genus of leguminous plants. It contains 65 species, which range from eastern Africa to the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, northern Australia, and the southwest Pacific islands. The roots of D. elliptica contain rotenone, a strong insecticide and fish poison.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deguelin</span> Chemical compound

Deguelin is a derivative of rotenone. Both are compounds classified as rotenoids of the flavonoid family and are naturally occurring insecticides. They can be produced by extraction from several plant species belonging to three genera of the legume family, Fabaceae: Lonchocarpus, Derris, or Tephrosia.

<i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> Species of plant

Astragalus mongholicus, synonyms including Astragalus propinquus and Astragalus membranaceus, commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch in English; 'Хунчир' in Mongolian; huáng qí, běi qí or huáng huā huáng qí, in Mongolia, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Mongolian medicine. It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened.

<i>Lonchocarpus</i> Genus of legumes

Lonchocarpus is a plant genus in the legume family (Fabaceae). It includes 166 species native to the tropical Americas, tropical Africa, and Madasgascar. The species are called lancepods due to their fruit resembling an ornate lance tip or a few beads on a string.

<i>Millettia</i> Genus of legumes

Millettia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It consists of about 169 species of shrubs, lianas or trees, which are native to tropical and subtropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, southern China, Malesia, and New Guinea. Typical habitats include tropical rain forest and seasonally-dry lowland and upland forest and forest margins, woodland, thicket, wooded grassland, and secondary vegetation.

<i>Sophora flavescens</i> Species of legume

Sophora flavescens, the shrubby sophora, is a species of plant in the genus Sophora of the family Fabaceae. This genus contains about 52 species. It mainly occurs in India, Japan, Korea and Russia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daidzin</span> Chemical compound

Daidzin is a natural organic compound in the class of phytochemicals known as isoflavones. Daidzin can be found in Japanese plant kudzu and from soybean leaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Puerarin</span> Chemical compound

Puerarin, one of several known isoflavones, is found in a number of plants and herbs, such as the root of the kudzu plant

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prenylflavonoid</span>

Prenylated flavonoids or prenylflavonoids are a sub-class of flavonoids. They are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Some are known to have phytoestrogenic or antioxidant properties. They are given in the list of adaptogens in herbalism. Chemically they have a prenyl group attached to their flavonoid backbone. It is usually assumed that the addition of hydrophobic prenyl groups facilitate attachment to cell membranes. Prenylation may increase the potential activity of its original flavonoid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbigerone</span> Chemical compound

Barbigerone is one of a few pyranoisoflavones among several groups of isoflavones. It was first isolated from the seed of a leguminous plant Tephrosia barbigera; hence the name "barbigerone". Members of the genus Millettia are now known to be rich in barbigerone, including M. dielsiena, M. ferruginea, M. usaramensis, and M. pachycarpa. It has also been isolated from the medicinal plant Sarcolobus globosus. Barbigerone from S. globosus is validated to have significant antioxidant property. Barbigerone exhibits profound antiplasmodial activity against the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It is also demonstrated that it has anti-cancer potential as it causes apoptosis of murine lung-cancer cells.

<i>Sarcolobus globosus</i> Species of shrub

Sarcolobus globosus is a twining shrub native to tropical regions of Asia including India, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar-Burma, the Philippines and Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotenoid</span>

Rotenoids are naturally occurring substances containing a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene nucleus. Many have insecticidal and piscicidal activity, such as the prototypical member of the family, rotenone. Rotenoids are related to the isoflavones.

<i>Derris trifoliata</i> Species of legume

Derris trifoliata is a plant species in the genus Derris of the family Fabaceae. It common in India and in various Indian languages it is known as Angaar valli in Sanskrit; Karanjvel in Marathi; Firta in Konkani; Tigekranugu, Nauatige and Chirathelathige in Telugu; Ketia and Swanlata in Oria; Kammattivalli and Ponumvalli in Malayalam; Kaliya lata or Kalilata and Panlata in Bengali; Panlata also in Hindi. It is also common in various parts of South East Asia with names eg Filipino ; Indonesian ; Malay ; Thai ; Vietnamese etc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pterocarpan</span> Class of chemical compounds

Pterocarpans are derivatives of isoflavonoids found in the family Fabaceae. It is a group of compounds which can be described as benzo-pyrano-furano-benzenes which can be formed by coupling of the B ring to the 4-one position.

2,7,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavanone 4'-O-methyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone 4'-O-methyltransferase . This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

References

  1. ↑ Zhao, L.; Qin, h.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2019). "Millettia pachycarpa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T147636173A147636175. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147636173A147636175.en . Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  2. 1 2 Derris taiwaniana (Hayata) Z.Q.Song. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  3. ↑ Agarwal VS (2003). Directory of Indian Economic Plants. Dehradun (India): Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. p. 335. ISBN   9788121102896.
  4. 1 2 Perry LM (1980). Medicinal Plants of East and Southeast Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN   978-0-262-16076-6.
  5. ↑ ILDS (24 January 2013). "Millettia pachycarpa Benth". ILDIS World Database of Legumes. International Legume Database Information Service (ILDIS). Retrieved 2013-05-06.
  6. 1 2 efloras.org. "Millettia pachycarpa Bentham". Flora of China. Retrieved 2013-05-06.
  7. ↑ Tattersfield F, Martin JT, Howes FN (1940). "Some fish-poison plants and their insecticidal properties". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew). 1940 (5): 169–180. doi:10.2307/4111566. JSTOR   4111566.
  8. ↑ Srivastava RC (2010). "Traditional knowledge of Nyishi (Dafla) tribe of Arunachal Pradesh" (PDF). Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 9 (1): 26–37.
  9. ↑ Hiroshi Y (2000). Segawa's Illustrated Ethnography of Indigenous Formosan People: The Tsou. SMC Publishing Inc., Taipei, Taiwan. ISBN   957-638-554-7
  10. ↑ Lalchhandama K (2010). Pharmacology of Some Traditional Anthelmintic Plants: Biochemical and Microscopic Studies . LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany. ISBN   978-3-8383-5026-4
  11. ↑ Haifan, Zhang (1996). "Observation on curative effect of Huteng Tang (Huzhang and Millettia Combination) in treating side effects caused by cancer chemotherapy". The Practical Journal of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine. 9 (3): 137.
  12. ↑ Dorsher P, Peng Z (2010). "Chinese medicinal herbs use in Managing cancer". In Cho WCS (ed.). Supportive Cancer Care with Chinese Medicine. Netherlands: Springer. pp. 55–75. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3555-4_3. ISBN   978-90-481-3554-7.
  13. ↑ Eisenberg A, Amato J, Dengtao (2009). "Kam local indigenous knowledge and sustainable resource management in Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces". Ethnobotany Research & Applications. 7: 067–113. doi: 10.17348/era.7.0.67-113 .
  14. ↑ Chiu SH (1950). "Effectiveness of chinese insecticidal plants with reference to the comparative toxicity of botanical and synthetic insecticides". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 1 (9): 276–286. Bibcode:1950JSFA....1..276C. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740010906. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.
  15. ↑ Prakash A, Rao J (1997). Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture. CRC-Press, pp. 229–230. ISBN   0-87371-825-9
  16. 1 2 Singhal AK, Sharma RP, Baruah JN, Govindan SV, Herz W (1982). "Rotenoids from roots of Millettia pachycarpa". Phytochemistry. 21 (4): 949–951. Bibcode:1982PChem..21..949S. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(82)80103-9.
  17. 1 2 Ye H, Chen L, Li Y, Peng A, Fu A, Song H, Tang M, Luo H, Luo Y, Xu Y, Shi J, Wei Y (2008). "Preparative isolation and purification of three rotenoids and one isoflavone from the seeds of Millettia pachycarpa Benth by high-speed counter-current chromatography". Journal of Chromatography A. 1178 (1–2): 101–107. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.060. PMID   18082754.
  18. ↑ Singhal AK, Sharma RP, Thyagarajan G, Herz W, Govindan SV (1980). "New prenylated isoflavones and a prenylated dihydroflavonol from Millettia pachycarpa". Phytochemistry. 19 (5): 929–934. Bibcode:1980PChem..19..929S. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(80)85140-5.
  19. ↑ Ye H, Zhong S, Li Y, Tang M, Peng A, Hu J, Shi J, He S, Wu W, Chen L (2010). "Enrichment and isolation of barbigerone from Millettia pachycarpa Benth. using high-speed counter-current chromatography and preparative HPLC". Journal of Separation Science. 33 (8): 1010–1017. doi:10.1002/jssc.200900641. PMID   20187026. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.
  20. ↑ Okamoto Y, Suzuki A, Ueda K, Ito C, Itoigawa M, Furukawa H, Nishihara T, Kojima N (2006). "Anti-estrogenic activity of prenylated isoflavonoids from Millettia pachycarpa: implications for pharmacophores and unique mechanisms" (PDF). Journal of Health Science. 52 (2): 186–191. doi: 10.1248/jhs.52.186 .
  21. ↑ Ito C, Itoigawa M, Kumagaya M, Okamoto Y, Ueda K, Nishihara T, Kojima N, Furukawa H (2006). "Isoflavonoids with antiestrogenic activity from Millettia pachycarpa". Journal of Natural Products. 69 (1): 138–141. doi:10.1021/np050341w. PMID   16441086.
  22. ↑ Ito C, Itoigawa M, Kojima N, Tokuda H, Hirata T, Nishino H, Furukawa H (2004). "Chemical constituents of Millettia taiwaniana: structure elucidation of five new isoflavonoids and their cancer chemopreventive activity". Journal of Natural Products. 67 (7): 1125–1301. doi:10.1021/np030554q. PMID   15270565.
  23. ↑ Southon IW, Bisby FA (1994). Phytochemical Dictionary of the Leguminosae. Taylor & Francis Ltd, p. 485. ISBN   0-412-39770-6

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