Engraulis

Engraulis Temporal range: 11–0  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Late Miocene to Present [1]
A school of Californian anchovies (E. mordax)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Clupeiformes
Family:	Engraulidae
Subfamily:	Engraulinae
Genus:	Engraulis Cuvier, 1816
Type species
Clupea encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Species
See text.

Engraulis is a genus of anchovies, currently containing 9 species. ^[2] Species in this genus are found in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, as well as the Mediterranean Sea, and several of them are commercially important.

Species

Engraulis currently contains the following 9 species: ^[3]

• Engraulis albidus Borsa, Collet & J. D. Durand, 2004 ^[4] (White anchovy)
• Engraulis anchoita C. L. Hubbs & Marini, 1935 (Argentine anchoita)
• Engraulis australis (Shaw, 1790) (Australian anchovy)
• Engraulis capensis Gilchrist, 1913 (Southern African anchovy)
• Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) (European anchovy)
• Engraulis eurystole (Swain & Meek, 1885) (Silver anchovy)
• Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 (Japanese anchovy)
• Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854 (Californian anchovy)
• Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842 (Peruvian anchoveta)

Two fossil species are also assigned to this genus: ^[5]

• † Engraulis macrocephalus Landini & Menesini, 1978 - Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Italy
• † Engraulis tethensis Grande, 1985 - Late Miocene of Cyprus

Many other fossil species have been assigned to Engraulis, but a review of these specimens have found most to be far too fragmentary to be confidently assigned to this genus, and many may not even be clupeomorphs. ^[5]

References

1. Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
2. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Engraulis". FishBase . August 2024 version.
3. Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Engraulis". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 18 November 2024.
4. Philippe Borsa; Adeline Collet; Jean-Dominique Durand (2004). "Nuclear-DNA markers confirm the presence of two anchovy species in the Mediterranean". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 327 (12): 1113–1123. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2004.09.003. ISSN   1631-0691. PMID   15656354.
5. Grande, Lance; Grande, Lance (1985). Interrelationships of fossil and recent anchovies (Teleostei, Engrauloidea) and description of a new species from the Miocene of Cyprus. New York, N.Y: American Museum of Natural History.