Flight number

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Flight numbers on a split-flap display (Frankfurt airport) Flight numbers.jpg
Flight numbers on a split-flap display (Frankfurt airport)

In the aviation industry, a flight number or flight designator is a code for an airline service consisting of two-character airline designator and a 1 to 4 digit number. [1] For example, QF9 is a Qantas Airways service from Perth, Australia to London Heathrow. A service is called "direct" if it is covered by a single flight number, regardless of the number of stops or equipment changes. For example, QF1 flies from Sydney to Singapore to London on Qantas Airways. A given flight segment may have multiple flight numbers on different airlines under a code-sharing agreement. Strictly speaking, the flight number is just the numerical part, but it is commonly used for the entire flight designator.

Contents

The flight designator of the operating carrier of a commercial flight is used as a call sign. [2] This is distinct from the aircraft's registration number, which identifies a specific airplane.

Conventions

A number of conventions have been developed for defining flight numbers, although these vary widely from airline to airline, and are increasingly being modified. [3] Eastbound and northbound flights are traditionally assigned even numbers, while westbound and southbound flights have odd numbers. Other airlines will use an odd number for an outbound flight and use the next even number for the reverse inbound flight. For destinations served by multiple flights per day, numbers tend to increase during the day. Hence, a flight from point A to point B might be flight 401 and the return flight from B to A would be 402, while the next pair of flights on the same route would usually be assigned codes 403 and 404.

Flight numbers of less than three digits are often assigned to long-haul or otherwise premium flights. For example, flight number 1 is often used for an airline's "flagship" service (see below for a 'List of flight number 1 by airlines'). However, for airlines in Mainland China, one-digit and two-digit numbers are only reserved for administrative charters. Furthermore, Cathay Pacific assigns flight numbers which are less than 100 for cargo flights.

Four-digit numbers in the range 3000 to 5999 typically represent regional affiliate flights, while numbers larger than 6000 are generally codeshare numbers for flights operated by different airlines or even railways.

Likewise, flight numbers larger than 9000 usually refer to ferry flights; these carry no passengers and are used to relocate aircraft to or from a maintenance base, or from one air travel market to another in order to start new commercial flights. Flight numbers starting with 8 are often used for charter flights, but it always depends on the commercial carrier's choice.

Codeshare

In a codeshare, airlines share their aircraft with others, resulting in the flight having more than one flight number on the same sector, and either the same or different flight numbers on joined sectors.

As an example, QF8412 flies from Dubai to Sydney, but it is codeshared with and operated as EK412. Another example is QF3920, which is a flight from Lima, Peru to Santiago, Chile that is also codeshared with LATAM 523.

List of flight number 1 by airline

Most flights are non-stop from A to B, and few are from A to B then to C (both A-B and B-C have flight number 1). Aircraft type may change due to operation need or unforseen circumstance.

AirlineIATA Flight NoICAO Flight NoFromToThen to (if applicable)Aircraft Type
Aeroméxico AM1AMX1 [4] [5] Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico City Flag of Spain.svg Madrid Boeing 787
Air Canada AC1ACA1 [6] [7] Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Toronto–Pearson Flag of Japan.svg Tokyo–Haneda Boeing 777-300ER
Air Canada Express QK1JZA1 [8] Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Montreal Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Ottawa Bombardier CRJ900
Air France AF1AFR1 [9] Flag of the United States.svg New York–JFK Flag of France.svg Paris–CDG Boeing 777-200 / 777-300ER
Air Japan NQ1AJX1 [10] [11] Flag of Japan.svg Tokyo–Narita Flag of Thailand.svg Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi Boeing 787-8
Air Macau NX1AMU1 [12] [13] Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Beijing–Capital Flag of Macau.svg Macau Airbus A321
Air New Zealand NZ1ANZ1 [14] Flag of the United States.svg New York–JFK Flag of New Zealand.svg Auckland Boeing 787-9
Air Tahiti Nui TN1THT1 [15] [16] Flag of the United States.svg Los Angeles Flag of French Polynesia.svg Papeete Boeing 787-9
Alaska Airlines AS1ASA1 [17] [18] Flag of the United States.svg Washington–Reagan Flag of the United States.svg Seattle Boeing 737-800
American Airlines AA1AAL1 [19] [20] Flag of the United States.svg New York–JFK Flag of the United States.svg Los Angeles Airbus A321
Cape Air 9K1KAP1 [21] [22] Flag of the United States.svg Martha's Vineyard Flag of the United States.svg Nantucket Cessna 402
Delta Air Lines DL1DAL1 [23] [24] Flag of the United Kingdom.svg London–Heathrow Boeing 767-400ER
El Al LY1ELY1 [25] [26] Flag of Israel.svg Tel Aviv Flag of the United States.svg New York–JFK Boeing 787-9
Emirates EK1UAE1 [27] [28] Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg Dubai Flag of the United Kingdom.svg London–Heathrow Airbus A380-800
Etihad Airways EY1ETD1 [29] [30] Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg Abu Dhabi Flag of the United States.svg New York–JFK Airbus A380-800 / Boeing 787-9
FedEx Express FX1FDX1 [31] Flag of the United Kingdom.svg London–Stansted Flag of the United States.svg Memphis Boeing 777F
Finnair AY1FIN1 [32] Flag of Finland.svg Helsinki Flag of the United States.svg Los Angeles Airbus A350-900
Flydubai FZ1FDB1 [33] [34] Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg Dubai Flag of Qatar.svg Doha Boeing 737-MAX 8
Hawaiian Airlines HA1HAL1 [35] [36] Flag of the United States.svg Los Angeles Flag of the United States.svg Honolulu Airbus A330-200
Japan Airlines JL1JAL1 [37] [38] Flag of the United States.svg San Francisco Flag of Japan.svg Tokyo–Haneda Boeing 777-300ER
Japan Transocean Air NU1JTA1 [39] Flag of Japan.svg Osaka−Kansai Flag of Japan.svg Okinawa−Naha Boeing 737-800
JetBlue Airways B61JBU1 [40] [41] Flag of the United States.svg New York–JFK Flag of the United States.svg Fort Lauderdale Airbus A321-200 / Airbus A320-200
Jetstar JQ1JST1 [42] [43] Flag of Australia (converted).svg Melbourne Flag of the United States.svg Honolulu Boeing 787-8
Jin Air LJ1JNA1 [lower-alpha 1] [44] [45] Flag of South Korea.svg Seoul–Incheon Flag of Thailand.svg Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi Boeing 737-800
Korean Air Lines KE1KAL1 [46] [47] Flag of Japan.svg Tokyo–Narita Flag of the United States.svg Honolulu Boeing 777-200ER
LATAM Chile LA1LAN1 [48] [49] Flag of Chile.svg Santiago Flag of Chile.svg Puerto Natales Airbus A320
LOT Polish Airlines LO1LOT1 [50] [51] Flag of Poland.svg Warsaw Flag of the United States.svg Chicago–O'Hare Boeing 787-8
Lufthansa LH1DLH1 [52] [53] Flag of Germany.svg Hamburg Flag of Germany.svg Frankfurt Airbus A321 / A320neo
Malaysia Airlines MH1MAS1 [54] [55] Flag of the United Kingdom.svg London–Heathrow Flag of Malaysia.svg Kuala Lumpur Airbus A350-900
Nauru Airlines ON1RON1 [56] [57] Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Flag of Australia (converted).svg Brisbane Boeing 737-300
Qantas QF1QFA1 [58] [59] Flag of Australia (converted).svg Sydney Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Flag of the United Kingdom.svg London–Heathrow Airbus A380-800
Qatar Airways QR1QTR1 [60] [61] Flag of Qatar.svg Doha Flag of the United Kingdom.svg London–Heathrow Boeing 777-200LR / 777-300ER / Airbus A350-900
Scandinavian Airlines SK1SAS1 [62] [63] Flag of Sweden.svg Lulea Flag of Sweden.svg Stockholm Airbus A320neo [64]
Skymark Airlines BC1SKY1 [65] Flag of Japan.svg Tokyo–Haneda Flag of Japan.svg Fukuoka Boeing 737-800
Southwest Airlines WN1SWA1 [66] [67] Flag of the United States.svg Dallas–Love Field Flag of the United States.svg Houston–Hobby Flag of the United States.svg Corpus Christi Boeing 737-700 / 737-800 / 737-MAX 8
SpiceJet SG1SEJ1 [68] [69] Flag of India.svg Chennai Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Colombo Boeing 737-800
Spirit Airlines NK1NKS1 [70] [71] Flag of the United States.svg Fort Lauderdale Flag of the United States.svg Chicago–O'Hare Airbus A321 / Airbus A321neo
Starlux Airlines JX1SJX1 [72] [73] Flag of the United States.svg Los Angeles Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taipei–Taoyuan Airbus A350-900
Turkish Airlines TK1THY1 [74] [75] Flag of Turkey.svg Istanbul Flag of the United States.svg New York–JFK Boeing 777-300ER
United Airlines UA1UAL1 [76] [77] Flag of the United States.svg San Francisco Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Boeing 787-9
Zipair Tokyo ZG1TZP1 [78] [79] Flag of the United States.svg Honolulu Flag of Japan.svg Tokyo–Narita Boeing 787-8
  1. Note Jin Air operates ICN-BKK as LJ1/2 in the Summer months (Mar-Oct) and as LJ3/4 in the winter months

A notable former flight number 1 was British Airways flight BA1, operated by the Concorde between London Heathrow and New York's John F. Kennedy airport. After the retirement of Concorde in 2003 the flight number was retired with it, however in 2009 it was given to the all business class A318 flight between London City Airport and New York JFK via Shannon in Ireland. This route ceased operation in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and British Airways has since announced it will not be restarting the service.

Flight number changes

Flight numbers are often taken out of use after a crash or a serious incident. Examples include:

Other considerations may lead an airline not to change a flight number; there are at least four instances of the same flight numbers that have suffered two serious accidents:

Flight number conservation

Airline mega mergers, in markets such as the United States, have made it necessary to break conventional flight numbering schemes. Organizations such as IATA, ICAO, ARC, as well as CRS systems and the FAA's ATC systems limit flight numbers to four digits (0001 to 9999). The pool of available flight numbers has been outstripped by demand for them by emergent mega-carriers. As such, some carriers use the same flight number for back-and-forth flights (e.g., DCA-PBI-DCA), or in other cases carriers have assigned a single flight number to a multi-leg flight (e.g., ICT-DAL-HOU-MDW-OMA-DEN-ABQ-LAS-BDL). [85]

Flight designator

Although 'flight number' is the term used colloquially, the official term as defined in the Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM) published annually by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Schedules Information Standards Committee (SISC), is flight designator. Officially the term 'flight number' refers to the numeric part (up to four digits) of a flight code. For example, in the flight codes QF103 and AF296Q, "103" and "296" are flight numbers. Even within the airline and airport industry, it is common to use the colloquial term rather than the official term.

Spacecraft

Flight numbers are also sometimes used for spacecraft, though a flight number for an expendable rocket (say, Ariane 5 Flight 501) might more reasonably be called the serial number of the vehicle used, since an expendable rocket can only be launched once. Space Shuttle missions used numbers with the STS prefix, for example, STS-93. SpaceX uses sequential numbers for flights of reused boosters. As an example, Crew-2 used booster B1061.2 (the second flight of booster B1061).

See also

Related Research Articles

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Over time, commercial airlines have established a number of scheduled ultra long-haul non-stop flights. These exceptionally long routes reduce the travel time between distant city pairs as well as the number of stops needed for passengers' travels, thereby increasing passenger convenience. For an airline, choosing to operate long flights can also build brand image as well as loyalty among a set of flyers. Therefore, competition among airlines to establish the longest flight occurs.

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