Gadolinium acetylacetonate

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Gadolinium acetylacetonate
Gd(acac)3(H2O)2.svg
Names
IUPAC name
gadolinium(3+);4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.699 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 238-186-2
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/3C5H7O2.Gd/c3*1-4(6)3-5(2)7;/h3*3H,1-2H3;/q3*-1;+3
    Key: PJCXQIZIMGZZIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • CC(=O)[CH-]C(=O)C.CC(=O)[CH-]C(=O)C.CC(=O)[CH-]C(=O)C.[Gd+3]
Properties
C15H21GdO6
Molar mass 454.58 g·mol−1
AppearanceOff-white
Hazards
GHS labelling: [1]
GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg
Warning
H315, H319, H335
P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Gadolinium acetylacetonate is a coordination compound with the formula Gd(C5H7O2)3. This anhydrous acetylacetonate complex is widely discussed but unlikely to exist per se. The 8-coordinated dihydrate Gd(C5H7O2)3(H2O)2 is a more plausible formula based on the behavior of other lathanide complexes. It has also been characterized twice by X-ray crystallography. [2] [3]

Upon heating under vacuum, the dihydrate converts to the oxo-cluster Gd4O(C5H7O2)10. This behavior is also observed for europium acetylacetonate, yttrium acetylacetonate, lanthanum acetylacetonate, and erbium acetylacetonate. [4]

Uses

Gadolinium acetylacetonate, along with cerium acetylacetonate, can be used as precursors to synthesize gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) gel powders using the sol-gel method. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gadolinium</span> Chemical element with atomic number 64 (Gd)

Gadolinium is a chemical element; it has symbol Gd and atomic number 64. Gadolinium is a silvery-white metal when oxidation is removed. It is a malleable and ductile rare-earth element. Gadolinium reacts with atmospheric oxygen or moisture slowly to form a black coating. Gadolinium below its Curie point of 20 °C (68 °F) is ferromagnetic, with an attraction to a magnetic field higher than that of nickel. Above this temperature it is the most paramagnetic element. It is found in nature only in an oxidized form. When separated, it usually has impurities of the other rare earths because of their similar chemical properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gadolinium(III) oxide</span> Chemical compound

Gadolinium(III) oxide (archaically gadolinia) is an inorganic compound with the formula Gd2O3. It is one of the most commonly available forms of the rare-earth element gadolinium, derivatives, of which are potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palladium(II) bis(acetylacetonate)</span> Chemical compound

Palladium(II) bis(acetylacetonate) is a compound with formula Pd(C5H7O2)2. This yellow solid is the most common palladium complex of acetylacetonate. This compound is commercially available and used as a catalyst precursor in organic synthesis. The molecule is relatively planar with idealized D2h symmetry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Aluminium acetylacetonate, also referred to as Al(acac)3, is a coordination complex with formula Al(C5H7O2)3. This aluminium complex with three acetylacetone ligands is used in research on Al-containing materials. The molecule has D3 symmetry, being isomorphous with other octahedral tris(acetylacetonate)s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerium(III) acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Cerium(III) acetylacetonate is a compound with formula Ce(C5H7O2)3(H2O)x. It is typically isolated as the trihydrate. Partial dehydration gives the dihydrate, a red-brown solid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dysprosium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Dysprosium acetylacetonate is a chemical compound of dysprosium with formula Dy(C5H7O2)3(H2O)n.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Europium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Europium acetylacetonate is a coordination complex with formula Eu(C5H7O2)3. Although this anhydrous acetylacetonate complex is widely discussed, some sources suggest that it is really the dihydrate Eu(C5H7O2)3(H2O)2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gallium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Gallium acetylacetonate, also referred to as Ga(acac)3, is a coordination complex with formula Ga(C5H7O2)3. This gallium complex with three acetylacetonate ligands is used in research. The molecule has D3 symmetry, being isomorphous with other octahedral tris(acetylacetonate)s.

Gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) (known alternatively as gadolinia-doped ceria, gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GCO), cerium-gadolinium oxide (CGO), or cerium(IV) oxide, gadolinium-doped, formula Gd:CeO2) is a ceramic electrolyte used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). It has a cubic structure and a density of around 7.2 g/cm3 in its oxidised form. It is one of a class of ceria-doped electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity and lower operating temperatures (<700 °C) than those of yttria-stabilized zirconia, the material most commonly used in SOFCs. Because YSZ requires operating temperatures of 800–1000 °C to achieve maximal ionic conductivity, the associated energy and costs make GDC a more optimal (even "irreplaceable", according to researchers from the Fraunhofer Society) material for commercially viable SOFCs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platinum(II) bis(acetylacetonate)</span> Chemical compound

Platinum(II) bis(acetylacetonate) is the coordination compound with the formula Pt(O2C5H7)2, abbreviated Pt(acac)2. The homoleptic acetylacetonate complex of platinum(II), it is a yellow, benzene-soluble solid. According to X-ray crystallography, the Pt center is square planar. The compound is a widely used precursor to platinum-based catalysts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neodymium(III) acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Neodymium(III) acetylacetonate is a coordination compound with the chemical formula Nd(O2C5H7)3. Although many sources discuss this anhydrous acetylacetonate complex, it is the dihydrate Nd(O2C5H7)3(H2O)2 that has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. It commonly occurs as a white powder. Upon heating under vacuum, other dihydrated lanthanide trisacetylacetonates convert to oxo-clusters M4O(C5H7O2)10. This result suggests that Nd(O2C5H7)3 may not exist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Holmium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Holmium acetylacetonate is a coordination compound with the formula Ho(C5H7O2)3. This anhydrous acetylacetonate complex is often discussed but unlikely to exist per se. The 8-coordinated dihydrate Ho(C5H7O2)3(H2O)2 is a more plausible formula based on the behavior of other lanthanide acetylacetonates. The dihydrate has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yttrium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Yttrium acetylacetonate is a coordination compound with the chemical formula Y(C5H7O2)3(H2O)x, or Y(acac)3(H2O)x for short. The value of x can vary from 1 to 3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Praseodymium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Praseodymium acetylacetonate is a coordination complex with the formula Pr(C3H7O2)3. This purported anhydrous acetylacetonate complex is widely discussed but only the dihydrate Pr(C3H7O2)3(H2O)2 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erbium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound


Erbium acetylacetonate is a coordination compound with the formula Er(C5H7O2)3. This anhydrous acetylacetonate complex is often discussed but unlikely to exist per se. The 8-coordinated dihydrate Er(C5H7O2)3(H2O)2 is a more plausible formula based on the behavior of other lanthanide acetylacetonates. The dihydrate has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thulium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Thulium acetylacetonate is a coordination compound with the formula Tm(C5H7O2)3. This anhydrous acetylacetonate complex is often discussed but unlikely to exist per se. The 8-coordinated dihydrate Tm(C5H7O2)3(H2O)2 is a more plausible formula based on the behavior of other lanthanide acetylacetonates. The dihydrate has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Upon attempted dehydration by heating under vacuum, other hydrated lanthanide tris(acetylacetonate) complexes decompose to give oxo-clusters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanthanum acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Lanthanum acetylacetonate refers to the coordination complex with the formula La(C5H7O2)3. This anhydrous acetylacetonate complex has not been characterized well, but the dihydrate La(C5H7O2)3(H2O)2 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samarium(III) acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Samarium acetylacetonate is a coordination compound with the formula Sm(C5H7O2)3. This anhydrous acetylacetonate complex is widely discussed but unlikely to exist per se. The 8-coordinated dihydrate Sm(C5H7O2)3(H2O)2 is a more plausible formula based on the behavior of other lanthanide acetylacetonates. The dihydrate has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Upon attempted dehydration by heating under vacuum, other hydrated lanthanide tris(acetylacetonate) complexes decompose to give oxo-clusters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lutetium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound

Lutetium acetylacetonate is a coordination compound with the chemical formula Lu(C5H7O2)3, or Lu(acac)3 for short. The complex per se is unlikely to exist, but the dihydrate would be expected based on the behavior of other lanthanide tris(acetylacetonate)s. Consistent with this scenario, It forms adducts Lu(acac)3(phen) and Lu(acac)3(dipy) where phen and bipy are 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine, respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terbium acetylacetonate</span> Chemical compound


Terbium acetylacetonate is a coordination compound with the formula Tb(C5H7O2)3. This anhydrous acetylacetonate complex is often discussed but unlikely to exist per se. The 8-coordinated dihydrate Tb(C5H7O2)3(H2O)2 is a more plausible formula based on the behavior of other lanthanide acetylacetonates. The dihydrate has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Upon attempted dehydration by heating under vacuum, other hydrated lanthanide tris(acetylacetonate) complexes decompose to give oxo-clusters. The complex can be prepared from terbium salts, acetylacetone, and a base such as ammonia.

References

  1. ↑ "Tris(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')gadolinium". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  2. ↑ Cheng, Shen; Yuguo, Fan; Guofa, Liu; Yutian, Wang; Pinzhe, Lu (1983). Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao (Chem. J. Chin. Univ.(Chi). 4: 769.{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ↑ Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center, number CCDC 1443363. H. Kooijman, A. L. Spek, W. Bult, F. Nijsen.
  4. ↑ Tamang, Sem Raj; Singh, Arpita; Bedi, Deepika; Bazkiaei, Adineh Rezaei; Warner, Audrey A.; Glogau, Keeley; McDonald, Corey; Unruh, Daniel K.; Findlater, Michael (2020). "Polynuclear Lanthanide–Diketonato Clusters for the Catalytic Hydroboration of Carboxamides and Esters". Nat. Catal. 3 (2): 154–162. doi:10.1038/s41929-019-0405-5.
  5. ↑ "Synthesis of gadolinia-doped ceria gels and powders from acetylacetonate precursors"
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