Gadolinium(III) hydroxide

Gadolinium(III) hydroxide

Names
Systematic IUPAC name Gandolinium trihydroxide
Other names Gandolinium(III) hydroxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	16469-18-4
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	77048
ECHA InfoCard	100.036.817
EC Number	240-516-5
PubChem CID	85434
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID80936979
InChI InChI=1S/Gd.3H2O/h;3*1H2/q+3;;;/p-3 Key: ILCLBMDYDXDUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-K
SMILES [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Gd+3]
Properties
Chemical formula	Gd(OH)3
Molar mass	208.3 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Melting point	307 °C (585 °F; 580 K) [1] (decomposes)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Structure
Crystal structure	Hexagonal [2]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H315, H319, H335
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Gadolinium(III) hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula Gd(OH)₃. Its nanoparticles has a potential use for layering various drugs, such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen.

Production and properties

Gadolinium(III) hydroxide can be produced in various ways such as the reaction of gadolinium(III) nitrate and sodium hydroxide: ^[1]

Gd(NO₃)₃ + NaOH → Gd(OH)₃ + NaNO₃

If this compound is heated to 307 °C, it decomposes to gadolinium(III) oxide-hydroxide(GdOOH), which in turn decomposes to gadolinium(III) oxide if continually heated. ^[1]

Uses

Gadolinium(III) hydroxide has no commercial uses. However, gadolinium(III) hydroxide nanoparticles have gained interest as a coating agent for various anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen ^[3] due to their property to be non-cytotoxic. ^[4] The nanoparticles are produced by adding base anion exchange resin to gadolinium(III) nitrate. ^[2]

References

1. Logvinenko, V.; Bakovets, V.; Trushnikova, L. (2014). "Dehydroxylation kinetics of gadolinium hydroxide". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 115 (1): 517–521. doi:10.1007/s10973-013-3274-1. S2CID   97056121.
2. Y. Kobayashi; H. Morimoto; T. Nakagawa; Y. Kubota; K.Gonda; N. Ohuchi (2016). "Fabrication of gadolinium hydroxide nanoparticles using ion-exchange resin and their MRI property". Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies. 4 (1): 138–142. doi: 10.1016/j.jascer.2016.01.005 . S2CID   101542680.
3. Yadong Xu; Alvaro Goyanes; Yuwei Wang; Andrew J. Weston; Po-Wah So; Carlos F. G. C. Geraldes; Andrew M. Fogg; Abdul W. Basit; Gareth R. Williams (2018). "Layered gadolinium hydroxides for simultaneous drug delivery and imaging". Dalton Transactions. 47 (9): 3166–3177. doi: 10.1039/C7DT03729E . PMID   29355263. S2CID   3577750.
4. Hemmer, Eva; Kohl, Yvonne; Colquhoun, Victoria; Thielecke, Hagen; Soga, Kohei; Mathur, Sanjay (2010). "Probing Cytotoxicity of Gadolinium Hydroxide Nanostructures". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 114 (12): 4358–4365. doi:10.1021/jp911607h. PMID   20218658.