Gagana

Last updated

Gagana is a miraculous bird with an iron beak and copper claws featured in Russian folklore. [1] [2] She is said to live on the Buyan Island. The bird is often mentioned in incantations. It is also said this bird guards the Alatyr, alongside Garafena the snake.

Contents

Gagana knows how to conjure and work miracles and, if she is asked correctly, can help a person. This bird is also the only one capable of giving milk. [3]

Background

The bird Gagana is possibly attested in a tale compiled by author A. A. Erlenwein, and translated by Angelo de Gubernatis in his Florilegio with the name Vaniúsha, where the hero's sisters marry a bear, an iron-nosed bird ("uccello dal naso di ferro") and a pike ("luccio"). [2] [4] The "bird with iron beak" appears to be a creature that inhabits several Slavic folktales. [5]

William Ralston Shedden-Ralston, citing Alexander Afanasyev's notes on Slavic folklore, writes that on the mythical island of Buyan there lives "The Tempest Bird", "the oldest and largest of all the birds", said to possess "an iron beak" and "copper claws". [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baba Yaga</span> Slavic mythological figure

In Slavic folklore, Baba Yaga is a supernatural being who appears as a deformed and/or ferocious-looking woman. In the folklore record, Baba Yaga usually flies around in a mortar, wields a pestle, and dwells deep in the forest in a hut usually described as standing on chicken legs. Baba Yaga may help or hinder those who encounter or seek her out and may play a maternal role. She also has associations with forest wildlife.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zorya</span> Slavic guardian deity of the dawn

Zorya is a figure in Slavic folklore, a feminine personification of dawn, possibly goddess. Depending on tradition, she may appear as a singular entity, often called "The Red Maiden", or two or three sisters at once. Although Zorya is etymologically unrelated to the Proto-Indo-European goddess of the dawn *H₂éwsōs, she shares most of her characteristics. She is often depicted as the sister of the Sun, the Moon, and Zvezda, the Morning Star with which she is sometimes identified. She lives in the Palace of the Sun, opens the gate for him in the morning so that he can set off on a journey through the sky, guards his white horses, she is also described as a virgin. In the Eastern Slavic tradition of zagovory she represents the supreme power that a practitioner appeals to.

Mat Zemlya is the Moist Earth Mother and is probably the oldest deity in Slavic mythology besides Marzanna. She is also called Mati Syra Zemlya meaning Mother Damp Earth or Mother Moist Earth. Her identity later blended into that of Mokosh.

<i>Zagovory</i> East Slavic incantations

Zagоvory is a form of verbal folk magic in Eastern Slavic folklore and mythology. Users of zagоvory use incantations to enchant objects or people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Firebird (Slavic folklore)</span> Magical glowing bird in Slavic folklore

In Slavic mythology and folklore, the Firebird is a magical and prophetic glowing or burning bird from a faraway land which is both a blessing and a harbinger of doom to its captor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slavic dragon</span> Legendary creature known as the Zmey in Eastern European folklore

A Slavic dragon is any dragon in Slavic mythology, including the Russian zmei, Ukrainian zmiy, and its counterparts in other Slavic cultures: the Bulgarian zmey, the Slovak drak and šarkan, Czech drak, Polish żmij, the Serbo-Croatian zmaj, the Macedonian zmej (змеј) and the Slovene zmaj. The Romanian zmeu could also be deemed a "Slavic" dragon, but a non-cognate etymology has been proposed.

William Ralston Shedden-Ralston (1828–1889), known in his early life as William Ralston Shedden, who later adopted the additional surname of Ralston, was a noted British scholar and translator of Russia and Russian.

<i>The Tale of Tsar Saltan</i> (opera) Opera by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

The Tale of Tsar Saltan is an opera in four acts with a prologue by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. The libretto was written by Vladimir Belsky, and is based on the 1831 poem of the same name by Aleksandr Pushkin. The opera was composed in 1899–1900 to coincide with Pushkin's centenary, and was first performed in 1900 in Moscow, Russia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greuceanu</span>

Greuceanu is a hero of the Romanian folklore. It is a brave young man who finds that the Sun and the Moon have been stolen by zmei. After a long fight with the three zmei and their wives (zmeoaice), Greuceanu sets the Sun and the Moon free so the people on Earth have light again.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gamayun</span>

Gamayun is a prophetic bird of Russian folklore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Norka</span> Russian and Ukrainian fairy tale

The Norka is a Russian and Ukrainian fairy tale published by Alexander Afanasyev in his collection of Russian Fairy Tales, numbered 132.

The Fiend or The Vampire is a Russian fairy tale, collected by Alexander Afanasyev as his number 363. The tale was translated and published by William Ralston Shedden-Ralston.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Folklore of Russia</span> Folklore of Russians and other ethnic groups of Russia

Folklore of Russia is folklore of Russians and other ethnic groups of Russia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slavic fantasy</span>

Slavic fantasy is a sub-genre of contemporary art that developed in the late 90s and early 2000s. Slavic fantasy is distinguished by the incorporation of Slavic folklore, legends, bylinas, and myths into the general canons of fantasy literature. However, its genre boundaries remain indistinct.

<i>Old Peters Russian Tales</i> Book by Arthur Ransome

Old Peter's Russian Tales is a collection of Russian and Ukrainian folk-tales retold by Arthur Ransome, published in Britain in 1916.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alatyr (mythology)</span> Magic stone in Russian mythology

The Alatyr in East Slavic legends and folklore is a sacred stone, the "father to all stones", the navel of the earth, containing sacred letters and endowed with healing properties. Although the name Alatyr appears only in East Slavic sources, the awareness of the existence of such a stone exists in various parts of the Slavdom. It is often mentioned in stories and referred to in love spells as "a mighty force that has no end."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Sea Tsar and Vasilisa the Wise</span> Russian fairy tale

The Sea Tsar and Vasilisa the Wise is a Russian fairy tale published by author Alexander Afanasyev in his collection of Russian Fairy Tales, numbered 219. The tale features legendary characters Tsar Morskoi and Vasilisa the Wise.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sivko-Burko</span> Russian fairy tale about a magical horse

Sivko-Burko is a Russian fairy tale (skazka) collected by folklorist Alexandr Afanasyev in his three-volume compilation Russian Fairy Tales. The tale is a local form in Slavdom of tale type ATU 530, "The Princess on the Glass Mountain", wherein the hero has to jump higher and reach a tower or terem, instead of climbing up a steep and slippery mountain made entirely of glass.

References

  1. Ladygin Mikhail Borisovich, Ladygina Olga Mikhaylovna 2003.
  2. 1 2 Gubernatis, Angelo de. Florilegio delle novelline popolari. Milano U. Hoepli. 1883. pp. 212-214.
  3. Vagurina, Lyudmila (1998). Славянская мифология [Slavic mythology] (in Russian). Linor & Sovershenstvo. ISBN   9785808900240.
  4. Erlenwein, A. A. Narodnyja skazki sobrannyja seljskimi uciteljami. Moscow: 1863.
  5. Brlic-Mazuranic, Ivana. Croatian tales of long ago. Translated by Fanny S. Copeland. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.. 1922. pp. 256-257.
  6. Ralston, William Ralston Shedden. The songs of the Russian people, as illustrative of Slavonic mythology and Russian social life. London: Ellis & Green. 1872. p. 375.

Sources