Galaga

Last updated

Galaga
Galaga flyer.jpg
Japanese arcade flyer
Developer(s) Namco
Publisher(s)
Director(s) Shigeru Yokoyama
Programmer(s) Toru (Tetsu) Ogawa
Artist(s) Hiroshi Ono [2]
Composer(s) Nobuyuki Ohnogi
Series Galaxian
Platform(s) Arcade, SG-1000, MSX, NES, Atari 7800, Game Boy, Game Boy Advance, Mobile, Xbox 360, Roku, iOS, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Windows, CD-i
Release
Genre(s) Fixed shooter
Mode(s)1-2 players alternating turns
Arcade system Namco Galaga [4]

Galaga [a] is a 1981 fixed shooter arcade video game developed and published by Namco. In North America, it was released by Midway Manufacturing. It is the sequel to Galaxian (1979), Namco's first major video game hit in arcades. Controlling a starship, the player is tasked with destroying the Galaga forces in each stage while avoiding enemies and projectiles. Some enemies can capture a player's ship via a tractor beam, which can be rescued to transform the player into a "dual fighter" with additional firepower.

Contents

Shigeru Yokoyama led development with a small team. Initial planning took about two months to finish. Originally developed for the Namco Galaxian arcade board, it was instead shifted to a new system as suggested by Namco's Research and Development division. Inspiration for the dual fighter mechanic was taken from a film that Yokoyama had seen prior to development, where a ship was captured using a large circular beam. The project became immensely popular around the company, with Namco's president Masaya Nakamura even taking interest.

Although early location tests were unsuccessful, Galaga received critical acclaim and went on to become one of the most successful arcade games, routinely appearing on Japanese and American arcade charts through 1987. It is widely regarded as a major game from the golden age of arcade video games and one of the greatest video games of all time. Critics applauded its gameplay, innovation, addictive nature and improvements made over its predecessor. Several home ports were released for a multitude of platforms, including the MSX, Atari 7800, and NES, alongside releases on digital distribution platforms such as Xbox Live Arcade. Galaga is also included in many Namco compilations. It was followed by a sequel in 1984, Gaplus .

Gameplay

A Boss Galaga uses a tractor beam, while the player exchanges shots with aliens in formation. Galaga.png
A Boss Galaga uses a tractor beam, while the player exchanges shots with aliens in formation.

Galaga is a fixed shooter. The player mans a lone starfighter at the bottom of the screen, which must prevent the Galaga forces from destroying all of mankind. [5] The objective of each stage is to defeat all of the Galaga aliens, which will fly into formation from the top and sides of the screen. [6] Similar to Galaxian, aliens will dive towards the player while shooting down projectiles; colliding with either projectiles or aliens will result in a life being lost. [6]

Atop the enemy formation are four large aliens known as the "Boss Galaga", which take two shots to destroy. [6] These aliens can use a tractor beam to capture the player's ship, returning with it to the top of the formation and costing the player a life. [6] Should additional lives remain, the player has an opportunity to shoot down the Boss Galaga holding the captured ship. Shooting it down as it dives towards the player will result in the captured ship being rescued, and it will join the player's ship, transforming it into a "dual-fighter" with additional firepower and a larger hitbox. [6] However, destroying a Boss Galaga with a captured ship while it is in formation will instead cause the fighter to turn against the player and act as an alien. [6] The ship will return in a later level as part of the formation.

Some enemies can morph into new enemy types with different attack patterns, with one even taking the form of the Galaxian Flagship. [6] Stages are indicated by emblems located at the bottom-right of the screen. [6] Enemies become more aggressive as the game progresses, increasing their number of projectiles and diving down at a faster rate. [5] The third stage and every fourth thereafter is a bonus stage, where the aliens fly in a preset formation without firing at the player. [6]

In the original arcade version, if a player completes stage 255, (The maximum unsigned 8 bit integer) the next stage would be announced as stage 0, and depending on the dip switches on the arcade, the game resets, plays levels incorrectly, locks up, or plays at the wrong difficulty. [7] [ user-generated source ] [8] [ unreliable source? ] This is known as a kill screen.

Development

Galaga was created by Japanese developer Shigeru Yokoyama, a long-time veteran of Namco. [9] Namco's first big video game hit in arcades was Galaxian (1979); [10] [11] the game's success led Namco to produce a large number of Namco Galaxian arcade boards to keep up with demand. [9] By the early 1980s the game was becoming harder to sell, so to help clear out inventory, Yokoyama was tasked with creating two new games that could run on the Namco Galaxian board. [9] The first of these was King & Balloon (1980), [9] a fixed shooter that is cited as the first video game to incorporate speech. [12] The second game was instead made for newer hardware as suggested by Namco's Research & Development division. [9] This new arcade board was named the Namco Galaga and was used in games including Bosconian (1981) [13] and Dig Dug (1982). [14] Although Yokoyama was not given explicit instructions to make a shooting game, management expressed desire for him to make a game similar to Galaxian. [9] Initial planning for the project took two months. [9]

The idea for the dual fighter stemmed from Yokoyama wanting to create enemies with different attack styles. [9] The tractor beam emitted by the Boss Galaga was inspired by a film in which a character's ship was captured by a circling laser. [9] Yokoyama incorporated this idea into Galaga, whereby an enemy could capture the player's ship with a beam and the ship would need to be rescued. [9] Originally, rescuing a captured ship would award the player an extra life, but this was soon changed to having it fight alongside the player. [9] This idea proved to be a problem at first; due to hardware limitations, the game could only display a limited number of sprites, resulting in the dual-fighter being unable to shoot any more missiles. [9] As a workaround, Yokoyama made a 16x16 sprite for the ship and a 16x16 sprite for the bullets, reducing the total sprite count by two. [9]

Inspired by the intermissions in Pac-Man (1980) and bonus stages in Rally-X (1980), Yokoyama added a special bonus level. [9] While planning, lead programmer Tetsu Ogawa informed him of a bug whereby enemies would simply fly off the screen instead of moving into formation. [9] Ogawa expressed interest in incorporating the idea into the game, leading to the inclusion of the Challenging Stages. [9] Enemies originally flew in one type of pattern, with more being added to increase replay value. [9] Graphic designer Hiroshi Ono designed many of the sprites, including the player's ship and the Boss Galaga alien. [9]

Prior to location testing, the team focused on designing the instruction card, a sheet of paper that showed how the game was played. [9] The text was done by the planners, while the actual design was handled by a graphic artist. [9] The card originally showed the control layout and the basics of the game, which was stripped early on for being too boring. [9] Yokoyama suggested that the card instead show off the dual fighter mechanic, as a means to draw in players. [9] The team kept bringing in designs to Namco president Masaya Nakamura, who continued to reject them until he ordered the team to simply make it in front of him. [9]

The team was allowed to set their own deadlines, due to Namco's then-laidback corporate structure. [9] Feedback on the project was given by Nakamura and other employees, including Pac-Man creator Toru Iwatani. [9] Despite the game's immense popularity around the company, early location tests failed to meet expectations due to players being able to progress a long way with only one coin, thus generating low income. [9] Although Yokoyama stated that the game's popularity could still generate income, Namco executives instructed the team to increase the difficulty level. [9] Galaga was released in Japan in September 1981. [15] It was released in North America by Midway Games in October of that year. [5]

Conversions

Sega-Galaga, the first home conversion of Galaga, was developed and published by Sega for the SG-1000 in 1983. [16] An MSX version followed a year later in 1984. [17] A conversion for the Family Computer was released in 1985 for Japan, [18] which was later released internationally by Bandai for the Nintendo Entertainment System, subtitled Demons of Death in North America. [6] Atari, Inc. published an Atari 7800 version as one of the console's thirteen launch games. [19] In Europe, Aardvark Software released an unofficial port for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron called Zalaga in 1983 which was described by Computer and Video Games as "true to the arcade original". [20]

Namco published a Game Boy version in Japan in 1995, Galaxian & Galaga, bundled with Galaxian. [21] Nintendo published the game outside Japan under the Arcade Classic brand. [22] Two mobile phone versions were released, both confined to Japan; the first was for i-Mode in 2001, [23] and the second for EZweb in 2006. [24] The original arcade version was released for the Xbox Live Arcade service in 2006, featuring online leaderboards and achievements. [25] The NES release was ported to the Wii Virtual Console in 2007, [26] followed by the arcade version in 2009. [27] A Roku port was published in 2011. [28] In 2013, the NES version was released on both the 3DS and Wii U Virtual Console. [26] Galaga was one of the four games released under the Arcade Game Series brand, which was published for the Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and Microsoft Windows in 2016. [29]

Galaga was included in Namco compilations including Namco Museum Vol. 1 (1995), [30] Namco Museum 64 (1996), [31] Namco Museum 50th Anniversary (2005), [32] Namco Museum Virtual Arcade (2008), [33] Namco Museum Essentials (2009), [34] and Namco Museum Megamix (2010). [35] The 2010 Wii game Pac-Man Party and its 2011 Nintendo 3DS version include Galaga as an extra, alongside the arcade versions of Dig Dug and Pac-Man . [36] [37] In celebration of the game's 30th anniversary in 2011, a high-definition remake was released for iOS devices as part of Galaga 30th Collection , which also included remakes of Galaxian , Gaplus and Galaga '88 . [38] Alongside the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 sequel Galaga Legions , it was ported to the Nintendo 3DS in 2011 as part of Pac-Man & Galaga Dimensions . [39] The original version was also added to the iOS Namco Arcade compilation in 2012. [40] The NES release is one of 30 games included in the NES Classic Edition. [41]

Reception

Galaga was met with acclaim, with many applauding the addictive nature, gameplay structure, innovation and improvements over its predecessor, and was a popular game during the golden age of arcade video games. [51] In Japan, it was the sixth highest-grossing arcade game of 1981, [53] then the third highest-grossing arcade game of 1982, [54] and then the ninth highest-grossing table arcade cabinet of 1986. [55] [56] In North America, it regularly appeared on the monthly sales chart of RePlay magazine from April 1980 to April 1987, being only outdone by Sega's Monaco GP (1979). [57] Galaga was among the top ten highest-grossing arcade games of 1983 in the United States. [58] [59]

Computer + Video Games praised the challenge and improvements made over Galaxian , [46] while Arcade Express selected it as an "Honorable Mention" in their 1983 arcade awards. [60] Japanese publication Amusement Life said that the sense of thrill and fast-paced action made Galaga a "must play", while also praising its unique dual-fighter mechanic and colorful graphics. [61] Vidiot magazine listed it as the seventh best arcade game of 1983, saying that its gameplay variety, dual-fighter mechanic and bonus stages made it stick out from the crowd. [62]

In a 1998 retrospective review, AllGame said the strategy stood out amongst other games of its type, describing the gameplay as "perfectly balanced shooting action." [42] Reviewing the NES home version, GameSpy called Galaga a "must play for arcade freaks", praising the port's accurate representation of the arcade version in terms of its graphics, sound effects and gameplay. [50] IGN also praised the NES port's element of strategy within the dual-fighter mechanic and addictive gameplay. [51] GameSpot , in their review for the Xbox 360 release, stated the gameplay was "as tricky as it ever was", praising the inclusion of online leaderboards and for being a faithful arcade conversion. [49] Eurogamer agreed, citing that the leaderboards add to addictiveness. [47]

Ports of Galaga received praise for their faithfulness to the arcade original. Nintendo Life praised the 3DS Virtual Console port of the NES version for remaining accurate to the original, stating that it "aged surprisingly well" and was worth revisiting. [26] Games magazine praised the improvements over games such as Space Invaders and Galaxian , commenting that Galaga still holds up years later. [63] Joystick magazine praised the NES version's accurate portrayal of the arcade original, notably in its graphics and gameplay structure. [52] Famicom Tsūshin commended the Game Boy version's faithful conversion alongside its support for the Super Game Boy peripheral, [21] while Electric Playground stated that it should " be near the top of your Game Boy's next purchase list". [22] Some publications expressed disappointment towards home releases for lacking extra features. GameSpot disliked the lack of online multiplayer in the Xbox 360 release, as well as the lack of an updated graphics setting, saying that the port was "awfully bare bones" compared to other XBLA releases. Eurogamer expressed distaste towards the Xbox 360 port's high price point, as well as the achievements for being "insultingly easy" to obtain. [47] Eurogamer also agreed with GameSpot in the lack of online multiplayer. [47]

Galaga has been listed by numerous publications among the greatest video games of all time. Flux magazine ranked it at #57 on their "Top 100 Video Games" in 1995, [64] while Game Informer listed it at #23 in their "Top 200 Games of All Time" in 2010. Next Generation ranked it at #96 in their "Top 100 Games of All Time" for its innovation to shoot 'em up games as a whole, [65] and at #17 in their "Top 50 Games of All Time". [66] Game Informer labeled it the 19th greatest video game ever made in 2001, calling it the best game of the fixed-shooter genre. [67] Electronic Gaming Monthly listed it at #20 in their "100 Best Games of All Time" in 1997 [68] and "Top 100 Games of All Time" in 2001, [69] and as #28 in their "Greatest 200 Videogames of Their Time" in 2006. [70] GameFAQs users voted it the 15th greatest game ever made in 2004 [71] and the 10th in 2009. [72] GameSpy staff voted it the eighth best arcade game of all time in 2011. [73] It was ranked at #93 in IGN's "Top 100 Games of All Time" for its addictive gameplay and long-standing appeal. [74] The Killer List of Videogames listed it as #27 in their "Top 100 Video Games" list, as well as the 4th most collected arcade game and 2nd most popular on their website. [75] Electronic Gaming Monthly listed Ms. Pac-Man/Galaga - Class of 1981 as the second best arcade game of all time for its inclusion of both games. [76]

Shortly after the game's release, Namco produced miniature Galaga cabinets for buses and airplanes, housed in small 17-inch CRT monitors. [4] In 2000, Namco released an arcade cabinet to celebrate the game's 20th anniversary, which was bundled with Ms. Pac-Man and titled Ms. Pac-Man / Galaga - Class of 1981. [77] [78] A similar cabinet was released in 2005 that also included the original Pac-Man, made to celebrate the latter's 25th anniversary. [79] Galaga is also included in both Pac-Man's Arcade Party (2010) [80] [81] and Pac-Man's Pixel Bash (2019). [82]

Galaga has made cameo appearances in films including WarGames (1983), [83] The Karate Kid (1984), [83] Planes, Trains and Automobiles (1987), [83] The Avengers (2012), [83] and Pixels (2015). [84] A submarine named after the game appears throughout the television series Lost . [85] Hallmark Cards released a Galaga arcade cabinet ornament in 2009, which played sound effects from the game. [86] In 2019, researchers at North Carolina State University named an extinct species of shark Galagadon nordquistae , due to the shark's teeth bearing a resemblance to the Galaga aliens. [87] Galaga is also the subject of several high score-based tournaments; as of 2020, the world record is held by Jordan Dorrington with a score of 20,980,450 points. [88]

Galaga was used as a loading screen minigame in the PlayStation version of Tekken . [89] As a tie-in with the anime series Space Dandy , an iOS remake, Space Galaga, was released in 2015, featuring characters and starships from Space Dandy intermixed with Galaga gameplay. [90] A similar crossover game, Galaga: Tekken Edition, was released the same year, replacing enemies with characters from the Tekken franchise. [91] A Galaga-themed costume is also available as downloadable-content in LittleBigPlanet 3 . [92] The Boss Galaga appears as an item in Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U and its followup Super Smash Bros. Ultimate , where it can capture an opponent and carry them off the screen. [93] [94] Ultimate also features a remix of the Galaga soundtrack. [95] An animated television adaptation, Galaga Chronicles, is confirmed to be in development. [96]

Notes

  1. ↑ Japanese: ギャラガ, Hepburn: Gyaraga

Related Research Articles

<i>Pac-Man</i> 1980 video game

Pac-Man, originally called Puck Man in Japan, is a 1980 maze video game developed and released by Namco for arcades. In North America, the game was released by Midway Manufacturing as part of its licensing agreement with Namco America. The player controls Pac-Man, who must eat all the dots inside an enclosed maze while avoiding four colored ghosts. Eating large flashing dots called "Power Pellets" causes the ghosts to temporarily turn blue, allowing Pac-Man to eat them for bonus points.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Namco</span> Japanese video game developer and publisher

Namco Limited was a Japanese multinational video game and entertainment company founded in 1955 which operated video arcades and amusement parks globally, produced video games, films, toys, and arcade cabinets. They were one of the most influential figures in the worldwide coin-op and arcade game industry; Namco produced several multi-million-selling game franchises, such as Pac-Man, Galaxian, Tekken, Tales, Ridge Racer, and Ace Combat. In 2006, Namco merged with Bandai to form what is now named Bandai Namco Holdings; the standalone Namco brand continues to be used for video arcade and other entertainment products by the group's Bandai Namco Amusements division.

<i>Galaxian</i> 1979 video game

Galaxian is a 1979 fixed shooter arcade video game developed and published by Namco. The player assumes control of the Galaxip starfighter in its mission to protect Earth from waves of aliens. Gameplay involves destroying each formation of aliens, who dive down towards the player in an attempt to hit them.

<i>Dig Dug</i> 1982 video game

Dig Dug is a maze arcade video game released by Namco in 1982. It was distributed in North America by Atari, Inc. The player digs underground tunnels to attack enemies in each level, by either inflating them to bursting or crushing them underneath rocks.

The golden age of arcade video games was the period of rapid growth, technological development, and cultural influence of arcade video games from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. The release of Space Invaders in 1978 led to a wave of shoot-'em-up games such as Galaxian and the vector graphics-based Asteroids in 1979, made possible by new computing technology that had greater power and lower costs. Arcade video games switched from black-and-white to color, with titles such as Frogger and Centipede taking advantage of the visual opportunities of bright palettes.

<i>Rally-X</i> 1980 video game

Rally-X is a maze chase arcade video game developed in Japan and Germany by Namco and released in 1980. In North America, it was distributed by Midway Manufacturing and in Europe by Karateco. Players drive a blue Formula One race car through a multidirectional scrolling maze to collect yellow flags. Boulders block some paths and must be avoided. Red enemy cars pursue the player in an attempt to collide with them. Red cars can be temporarily stunned by laying down smoke screens at the cost of fuel. Rally-X is one of the first games with bonus stages and continuously-playing background music.

Namco Museum is a series of video game compilations developed and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for home video game consoles. The first title in the series, Namco Museum Vol. 1, was released for the PlayStation in 1995. Entries in the series have been released for multiple platforms, including the Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS and Xbox 360. the latest being Namco Museum Archives Vol. 2, released in 2020.

<i>Galaga 88</i> 1987 video game

Galaga '88 is a 1987 fixed shooter arcade video game developed and published in Japan by Namco and in North America and Europe by Atari Games. It is the third sequel to Galaxian. It features significantly improved graphics over the previous games in the series, including detailed backgrounds, larger enemies and greater ship details. The game runs on Namco System 1 hardware.

<i>Gaplus</i> 1984 video game

Gaplus is a 1984 fixed shooter arcade game developed and released by Namco. It is the third game in the Galaxian series, serving as a direct sequel to Galaga (1981). In North America, a modification kit was later released to change the name to Galaga 3, possibly to reflect its position in the series. It was the only game other than Phozon to run on the Namco Phozon hardware. A contemporary home port for the Commodore 64 was released in 1988. A demake version of the game was included in Namco Museum Archives Vol. 2 as a bonus title.

<i>Gee Bee</i> (video game) 1978 video game

Gee Bee is a block breaker/video pinball hybrid arcade game developed and published by Namco in 1978. The player controls a set of paddles with a rotary knob, with the objective being to score as many points as possible by deflecting a ball against bricks, pop bumpers and other objects in the playfield. It was developed by Toru Iwatani, known as the creator of Pac-Man and Pole Position. Outside Japan, it was published by Gremlin Industries.

<i>Cutie Q</i> 1979 video game

Cutie Q is a 1979 block breaker/video pinball hybrid arcade game developed and published by Namco in Japan. The player controls a set of paddles with a rotary knob, the objective being to score as many points possible by deflecting a ball against blocks, ghosts, spinners and other objects on the playfield. It was designed by Shigeru Yokoyama, with spritework done by Toru Iwatani. It is the third and final game in the Gee Bee trilogy.

Pac-Man is a video game series and media franchise developed, published and owned by Bandai Namco Entertainment, a video game publisher that was previously known as Namco. Entries have been developed by a wide array of other video game companies, including Midway Games, Atari and Mass Media, Inc., and was created by Toru Iwatani. The eponymous first entry was released in arcades in 1980 by Namco, and published by Midway Games in North America. Most Pac-Man games are maze chase games, but it has also delved into other genres, such as platformers, racing, and sports. Several games in the series were released for a multitude of home consoles and are included in many Bandai Namco video game compilations, The franchise contains 2 animated series and an upcoming film.

<i>Pac-Man Championship Edition</i> 2007 video game

Pac-Man Championship Edition is a 2007 maze video game developed and published by Namco Bandai Games for the Xbox 360. It has since appeared on several other platforms, including iOS, Android, and the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable as a PSP mini title available on the PlayStation Store. It is an HD reimagining of the original Pac-Man arcade game; players navigate Pac-Man through an enclosed maze, eating pellets and avoiding four ghosts that pursue him. Clearing an entire side of the maze of dots will cause a fruit item to appear, and eating it will cause a new maze to appear on the opposite side.

<i>Namco Museum DS</i> 2007 video game

Namco Museum DS is a 2007 video game compilation developed by M2 and published by Namco Bandai Games. The game features 7 arcade games previously published by Namco along with a Nintendo DS version of the Nintendo-developed title Pac-Man Vs.

<i>Galaga Legions</i> 2008 video game

Galaga Legions is a 2008 twin-stick shooter video game developed and released by Namco Bandai Games for the Xbox 360. It is the twelfth game in the Galaxian series, and the third developed for home platforms. The player controls a starship, the AEf-7 "Blowneedle", in its efforts to wipe out the Galaga armada. The objective of the game is to clear each of the five stages as quick as possible. Stages have a heavy emphasis on puzzle solving and chain reactions, which are necessary to clear out enemy formations. The Blowneedle has a pair of satellites at its disposal, and can place them anywhere on the screen to fend off enemies.

<i>Pac-Man & Galaga Dimensions</i> 2011 video game

Pac-Man & Galaga Dimensions is a 2011 video game compilation developed and published for the Nintendo 3DS by Namco Bandai Games. It contains six games from the company's Pac-Man and Galaxian franchises—Pac-Man (1980), Galaga (1981), Pac-Man Championship Edition (2007), Galaga Legions (2008), Pac-Man Tilt, and Galaga 3D Impact, the last two being unique games created exclusively for this collection. The collection also includes achievements, online leaderboards, and a trailer for the Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures television series.

<i>Galaga Legions DX</i> 2011 video game

Galaga Legions DX is a 2011 twin-stick shooter video game developed and published by Namco Bandai Games for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. It is the sequel to Galaga Legions (2008), and is the fourteenth entry in the Galaxian series. The player controls the AEf-7 "Blowneedle" starship in its efforts to wipe out the Galaga forces before they destroy all of mankind. The objective is to clear each of the game's nine stages in the quickest time possible by destroying waves of enemies. The Blowneedle has a pair of satellites that can be pointed at enemies to shoot them down. New additions have been made to the core gameplay, such as a "slowdown" effect when the player is about to collide with an enemy.

<i>Namco Museum</i> (GBA) 2001 video game

Namco Museum is a 2001 video game compilation developed by Mass Media and published by Namco for the Game Boy Advance. It contains ports of five of their classic arcade games, Ms. Pac-Man, Pole Position, Dig Dug, Galaga, and Galaxian.

References

  1. 1 2 "Video Game Flyers: Galaga, Namco (Germany)". The Arcade Flyer Archive. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  2. ↑ Kiya, Andrew (October 17, 2021). "Former Namco Pixel Artist Hiroshi 'Mr. Dotman' Ono Has Died". Siliconera . Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  3. ↑ Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006). アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971-2005) [Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition (1971-2005)] (in Japanese). Japan: Amusement News Agency. p. 52. ISBN   978-4990251215.
  4. 1 2 "Galaga - Videogame by Namco". Killer List of Videogames . Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  5. 1 2 3 Galaga Parts and Operating Manual. Midway Games. October 1981. p. 6. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Galaga: Demons of Death instruction booklet (PDF). Bandai. 1988. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  7. ↑ "Galaga/Walkthrough". 2 May 2024.
  8. ↑ http://donhodges.com/galaga_stage_256_fix.htm [ bare URL ]
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Namco Bandai Games (2011). "Galaga - 30th Anniversary Developer Interview". Galaga WEB. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  10. ↑ Arcade Games (1 ed.). JoyStik. September 1982. p.  10 . Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  11. ↑ Kent, Steven L. (2002). The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World. New York: Random House. ISBN   978-0-7615-3643-7. OCLC   59416169. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016.
  12. ↑ Vark, Aaron (13 December 2014). "King & Balloon". Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  13. ↑ "Bosconian - Videogame by Midway Manufacturing Co". Killer List of Videogames . Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  14. ↑ "Dig Dug - Videogame by Atari". Killer List of Videogames . Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  15. ↑ Cummins, Chris (8 November 2016). "Celebrating 35 Years of Galaga". Den of Geek . Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  16. ↑ Kohler, Chris (October 2009). "Playing the SG-1000, Sega's First Game Machine". Wird . Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
  17. ↑ "Dempa Micomsoft Super Soft Catalogue". Dempa. May 1984. p. 4. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  18. ↑ Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography (2003). Family Computer 1983 - 1994. Japan: Otashuppan. ISBN   4872338030.
  19. ↑ "Atari unveils advanced video game that is expandable to introductory computer" (Press release). Atari, Inc. 21 May 1984. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  20. ↑ "Software Reviews". Computer and Video Games . No. 26 (December 1983). 16 November 1983. pp. 33, 37.
  21. 1 2 3 "Weekly Cross Review: ギャラガ&ギャラクシアン". No. 344. Enterbrain. Famitsu. 21 July 1995. p. 32.
  22. 1 2 3 Lucas, Victor (26 June 1996). "Galaga & Galaxian". Electric Playground. Archived from the original on 4 August 1997. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  23. ↑ Saeki, Kenji (11 June 2001). "ナムコ、iアプリコンテンツ「アプリキャロット」に 「ニューラリーX」と「ギャラガ」を追加配信". GAME Watch. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  24. ↑ Ota, Susumu (7 March 2006). "ナムコ、EZweb向けに「ギャラガ」配信". MOBILE Watch. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  25. ↑ Shoemaker, Brad (5 June 2006). "Galaga Xbox Live Arcade Hands-On". GameSpot . Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  26. 1 2 3 4 J. Reed, Philip (19 March 2014). "Galaga Review (3DS eShop / NES)". Nintendo Life . Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  27. ↑ "バーチャルコンソールアーケード - ギャラガ". Namco Bandai Games. 24 November 2009. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  28. ↑ Pierce, David (31 October 2011). "Roku 2 gets new firmware, games; Pac-Man, Galaga, and more". The Verge . Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  29. ↑ Romano, Sal (21 December 2015). "Bandai Namco bringing classic Arcade Game Series to PS4, Xbox One, and PC". Gematsu. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  30. ↑ "Review Crew: Namco Arcade Classics". Electronic Gaming Monthly . No. 82. Sendai Publishing. May 1996. p. 34.
  31. ↑ Fielder, Joe (28 April 2000). "Namco Museum 64 Review". GameSpot . Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  32. ↑ Aaron, Sean (3 September 2009). "Namco Museum: 50th Anniversary Review (GCN)". Nintendo Life . Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  33. ↑ Geddes, Ryan (6 November 2008). "Namco Museum: Virtual Arcade Review". IGN . Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  34. ↑ Roper, Chris (21 July 2009). "Namco Museum Essentials Review". IGN . Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  35. ↑ Buchanan, Levi (22 November 2010). "Namco Museum Megamix Review". IGN . Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  36. ↑ IGN Staff (25 October 2010). "Pac-Man Party has Gone Gold for Wii". IGN . Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  37. ↑ Miller, Zachary (2 December 2011). "Pac-Man Party 3D Review". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  38. ↑ Crecente, Brian (11 June 2011). "Tiny Ships, Tiny Aliens, Tiny Galaga 30th Collection". Kotaku . Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  39. ↑ Wahlgren, Jon (27 July 2011). "Pac-Man & Galaga Dimensions Review (3DS)". Nintendo Life . Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  40. ↑ Saeki, Kenji (28 February 2013). "iOS「NAMCO ARCADE」にて「スターブレード」配信！". GAME Watch. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  41. ↑ Webster, Andrew (14 June 2016). "Nintendo is releasing a miniature NES with 30 built-in gamse". The Verge . Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  42. 1 2 Brett Alan Weiss. "Galaga (Arcade) - Review". AllGame . Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  43. ↑ "Galaga (NES) - Review". AllGame . Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  44. ↑ "Galaga (Virtual Console)". AllGame . Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  45. ↑ "Galaga (Xbox Live Arcade)". AllGame . Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  46. 1 2 "The Super Galaxians: Galaga". Computer + Video Games . No. 4. February 1982. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  47. 1 2 3 4 Reed, Khristian (15 December 2011). "Galaga". Eurogamer . Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  48. ↑ "ギャラガ＆ギャラクシアン [ゲームボーイ]" [Galaga & Galaxian (Game Boy)]. Famitsu.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  49. 1 2 Gerstmann, Jeff (26 July 2006). "Galaga Review". GameSpot . Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  50. 1 2 King, Adam. "Classic Review Archive - Galaga". GameSpy. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  51. 1 2 3 Birnbaum, Mark (18 April 2007). "Galaga Review". IGN . Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  52. 1 2 "Galaga". No. 4. Joystick. April 1990. p. 45. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  53. ↑ ""Donkey Kong" No.1 Of '81 — Game Machine's Survey Of "The Year's Best Three AM Machines" —" (PDF). Game Machine . No. 182. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 February 1982. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2020.
  54. ↑ ""Pole Position" No. 1 Video Game: Game Machine's "The Year's Best Three AM Machines" Survey Results" (PDF). Game Machine . No. 207. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 March 1983. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2020.
  55. ↑ "Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25: '86 上半期" [Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25: First Half '86](PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 288. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 July 1986. p. 28. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2020.
  56. ↑ "Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25: '86 下半期" [Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25: Second Half '86](PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 300. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 January 1987. p. 16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 November 2019.
  57. ↑ Horowitz, Ken (2018). The Sega Arcade Revolution, A History in 62 Games. McFarland & Company. pp. 27–29. ISBN   9781476631967.
  58. ↑ "Galaga". Joystik. Vol. 2 (Special Edition). October 1983. pp. 12–3.
  59. ↑ "AMOA Votes On Annual Game Awards". Cash Box . October 29, 1983. p. 60.
  60. ↑ "Honorable Mentions". Arcade Express. No. 5. 10 October 1982. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  61. ↑ "EXCITING NEW VIDEO GAME - ギャラガ". Amusement Life (in Japanese). No. 14. February 1982. p. 21. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  62. ↑ "Galaga". Vidiot. Vol. 1, no. 2. March 1983. p.  26 . Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  63. ↑ Berlin, Eric. "Rediscover the Classics - As Good As Ever". Games . Issue 158 (Vol 24, #1). Pg.11. February 2000.
  64. ↑ "The Top 100 Video Games". No. 4. Flux. April 1995. p. 31. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  65. ↑ "Top 100 Games of All Time". Next Generation . No. 21. Imagine Media. September 1996. p. 38.
  66. ↑ "Top 50 Games of All Time". Next Generation . No. 50. Imagine Media. February 1999. p. 78.
  67. ↑ Cork, Jeff (2009-11-16). "Game Informer's Top 100 Games of All Time (Circa Issue 100)". Game Informer . Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
  68. ↑ "100 Best Games of All Time". No. 100. Electronic Gaming Monthly. November 1997. pp. 101–155.
  69. ↑ "Top 100 Games of All Time". Electronic Gaming Monthly . 2001. Archived from the original on 20 December 2001. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  70. ↑ Semrad, Steve (2 February 2006). "The Greatest 200 Videogames of Their Time". 1UP.com . p. 9. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  71. ↑ "Spring 2004: Best. Game. Ever". GameFAQS . 2004. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  72. ↑ "Spring 2009: Best. Game. Ever". GameFAQS . 2009. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  73. ↑ GameSpy Staff (25 February 2011). "GameSpy's Top 50 Arcade Games of All-Time". GameSpy . IGN. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  74. ↑ "IGN's Top 100 Games of All Time". IGN . 2003. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  75. ↑ McLemore, Greg; Staff, KLOV (2010). "The Top Coin-Operated Videogames of All Time". Killer List of Videogames . Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  76. ↑ EGM Staff (15 December 2011). "EGM Feature: Top 5 Arcade Games". Electronic Gaming Monthly. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  77. ↑ Harris, John (28 March 2017). "Passing Through Ghosts in Pac-Man". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  78. ↑ "Ms. Pac-Man/Galaga - Class of 1981 - Videogame by Namco". Killer List of Videogames . Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  79. ↑ "Pac-Man 25th Anniversary - Videogame by Namco". Killer List of Videogames . Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  80. ↑ Clark, Matt (6 February 2019). "The Best All-in-One Arcade Game Cabinets 2019". IGN . Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  81. ↑ "Pac-Man Arcade Party". Killer List of Videogames . Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  82. ↑ Sanford, Time (2 August 2018). "Pac-Man's Pixel Bash Chill Cabinet Targets 8-Bit Classics Enthusiasts". Vending Times. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  83. 1 2 3 4 Burke, Greg (7 June 2017). "Shack's Arcade Corner: Galaga". Shacknews . Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  84. ↑ Graser, Marc (July 22, 2014). "Pac-Man, Donkey Kong Among '80s Video Game Icons to Appear in Adam Sandler's 'Pixels'". Variety . Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  85. ↑ Reynolds, Matthew (8 December 2009). "'Galaga' reference in 'Lost' revealed". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  86. ↑ Razak, Matthew (6 December 2009). "Hallmark presents Galaga arcade ornament". Destructoid . Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  87. ↑ Black, Riley (21 January 2019). "New Prehistoric Shark Species Discovered Alongside Sue the T. Rex". Smithsonian . Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  88. ↑ "Galaga Scores". Twin Galaxies . Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  89. ↑ "Tekken strategy guide". Electronic Gaming Monthly. November 1995. p. 1. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  90. ↑ Dotson, Carter (16 June 2015). "'Space Galaga' is Another 'Galaga' Crossover, This Time with Anime Series 'Space Dandy'". TouchArcade . Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  91. ↑ Dotson, Carter (27 April 2015). "'Galaga Tekken' is a Real Thing, Really Releasing This Week?!". TouchArcade . Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  92. ↑ "LittleBigPlanet™ 3: Namco Classics Costume Pack". Official PlayStation Store US. 10 January 2017. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  93. ↑ Ishaan (30 July 2014). "Here's A Look At Namco's Boss Galaga Item In Super Smash Bros.". Siliconera . Archived from the original on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  94. ↑ Marks, Tom (6 December 2018). "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Review". IGN . Archived from the original on 25 June 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  95. ↑ Doolan, Liam (7 August 2018). "Rumour: Change To Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Medley Points To New Fighter". Nintendo Life . Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  96. ↑ Chu, Henry (21 July 2017). "Classic Video Game 'Galaga' to Be Developed Into Animated Series (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety . Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.