Hymenachne

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Hymenachne
Hymenachne amplexicaulis 1584.jpg
Hymenachne amplexicaulis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Supertribe: Andropogonodae
Tribe: Paspaleae
Subtribe: Otachyriinae
Genus: Hymenachne
P.Beauv. [1] [2]
Synonyms [3] [4]
  • DallwatsoniaB.K.Simon
  • Panicum sect. Hymenachnae(P.Beauv.) Hack.

Hymenachne, synonym Dallwatsonia, is a genus of widespread wetland plants in the grass family Poaceae. They are commonly known as marsh grasses. [5] They are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific Islands. [6] A species from the Americas, H. amplexicaulis, is well known in other parts of the world as an introduced and invasive species. [7]

Contents

Description

Hymenachne species are aquatic plants frequently found in marshes and other wet habitats. Their stems may be spongy with aerenchyma tissue. [8] The longest stems can reach 4 m (13 ft). They are perennial, sometimes with rhizomes. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped. [9] The inflorescence is usually a cylindrical, spike-shaped panicle, rarely with branches. [8]

Taxonomy

The genus Hymenachne was first described by Palisot de Beauvois in 1812. [10] Hymenachne is similar to the genus Sacciolepis , [8] first described in 1901. Both were formerly considered part of Panicum . [8] Many species placed in Hymenachne have previously been placed in Sacciolepis. [11]

In 1992, Bryan Kenneth Simon  [ es ] described a new genus Dallwatsonia for a single new Australian species he called Dallwatsonia felliana. The genus was named for the Australian botanists Michael Dallwitz and Leslie Watson. [12] In 2014, ten further species were transferred from Panicum to Dallwatsonia by José Ramón Grande Allende, who noted that Dallwatsonia was closely related to Hymenachne, but could be distinguished by hollow rather than filled culms. [13] However, a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 supported the synonymy of Dallwatsonia and Hymenachne, [14] a conclusion also supported in a 2019 study. [15] As of November 2024, Plants of the World Online accepted Dallwatsonia as a synonym of Hymenachne. [3]

Species

As of November 2024, the following species were accepted: [3] [16]

Formerly included [11]

Related Research Articles

<i>Panicum</i> Genus of grasses

Panicum (panicgrass) is a large genus of about 450 species of Poaceae grasses native throughout the tropical regions of the world, with a few species extending into the northern temperate zone. They are often large, annual or perennial grasses, growing to 1–3 m (3–10 ft) tall.

<i>Brachyelytrum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Brachyelytrum is a genus of North American and East Asian plants in the grass family, classified in its own tribe Brachyelytreae.

<i>Brachypodium</i> Genus of grasses

Brachypodium is a genus of plants in the grass family, widespread across much of Africa, Eurasia, and Latin America. The genus is classified in its own tribe Brachypodieae.

<i>Setaria</i> Genus of grasses

Setaria is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. The name is derived from the Latin word seta, meaning "bristle" or "hair", which refers to the bristly spikelets.

<i>Axonopus</i> Genus of grasses

Axonopus is a genus of plants in the grass family, known generally as carpet grass. They are native primarily to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas with one species in tropical Africa and another on Easter Island. They are sometimes rhizomatous and many are tolerant of periodic submersion.

<i>Lithachne</i> Genus of grasses

Lithachne is a genus of Neotropical plants in the grass family.

  1. Lithachne horizontalisChase - Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Mato Grosso
  2. Lithachne humilisSoderstr. - Honduras
  3. Lithachne pauciflora(Sw.) P.Beauv. - widespread from Jalisco to Paraguay
  4. Lithachne pinetii(C.Wright) Chase - Cuba
<i>Sacciolepis</i> Genus of grasses

Sacciolepis is a genus of plants in the grass family. Cupscale grass is a common name for plants in this genus.

<i>Steinchisma</i> Genus of grasses

Steinchisma is a genus of plants in the grass family, native to the Americas but a few of them naturalized in Africa.

<i>Streptogyna</i> Genus of plants

Streptogyna is a widespread genus of tropical plants in the grass family. It is the only genus in the monotypic tribe Streptogyneae.

<i>Diarrhena</i> Genus of grasses

Diarrhena, or beakgrain, is a genus of Asian and North American plants in the grass family.

<i>Urochloa</i> Genus of grasses

Urochloa, commonly known as signalgrass, is a genus of plants in the grass family, native to tropical and subtropical regions of Eurasia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various islands.

Gymnopogon (skeletongrass) is a genus of American and Southeast Asian plants in the grass family.

<i>Ichnanthus</i> Genus of grasses

Ichnanthus, commonly called bedgrass, is a genus of tropical plants in the grass family, widespread in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas.

<i>Leptochloa</i> Genus of grasses

Leptochloa is a widespread genus of Asian, Australian, and American plants in the grass family.

Megastachya is a genus of African plants in the grass family.

<i>Sclerochloa</i> Genus of grasses

Sclerochloa is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the grass family. Hardgrass is a common name for plants in this genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paspaleae</span> Tribe of grasses

Paspaleae is a tribe of the Panicoideae subfamily in the grasses (Poaceae), native mainly to the tropical and subtropical Americas but with a number of species introduced to other regions. It includes roughly 680 species in 39 genera. Species in this tribe use either of the C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways.

<i>Paractaenum novae-hollandiae</i> Species of plant

Paractaenum novae-hollandiae is a grass, native to Western Australia. It is an annual herb growing from 0.2 to 0.5 m high, on sands and loams. Its green-purple flowers may be seen from March to September.

References

  1. Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie pages 48-49 in Latin
  2. Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie plate X (10), figure VIII (8 a-h) at upper right; line drawings of Hymenachne sp.; figure captions on caption page 8
  3. 1 2 3 "Hymenachne P.Beauv." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  4. Tropicos, Hymenachne P. Beauv.
  5. Hymenachne. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  6. Clarkson, J. R., et al. (2011). A report of hybridisation in Hymenachne (Poaceae, Panicoideae) with description of Hymenachne × calamitosa, a new species of hybrid origin from tropical Australia. Archived 2013-09-25 at the Wayback Machine Telopea 13(1-2), 105-14.
  7. "Hymenachne amplexicaulis". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Hymenachne. Flora of China.
  9. Hymenachne. Grassbase - The World Online Grass Flora.
  10. "Hymenachne P.Beauv." International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  11. 1 2 "Search for 'Hymenachne'". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  12. Simon, Brian K. (1992). "Studies in Australian Grasses 6. Alexfloydia, Cliffordiochloa and Dallwatsonia, three new panicoid grass genera from Eastern Australia". Austrobaileya. 3 (4): 669–681. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  13. Grande Allende, J.R. (2014). "Novitates Agrostologicae, IV. Additional segregates from Panicum incertae sedis" (PDF). Phytoneuron (2014–22): 1–6. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  14. Acosta, J.M.; Scataglini, M.A.; Reinheimer, R. & Zuloaga, F.O. (2014). "A phylogenetic study of subtribe Otachyriinae (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 300: 2155–2166. doi:10.1007/s00606-014-1034-8.
  15. Acosta, Juan M.; Zuloaga, Fernando O. & Reinheimer, Renata (2019), "Nuclear phylogeny and hypothesized allopolyploidization events in the Subtribe Otachyriinae (Paspaleae, Poaceae)", Systematics and Biodiversity, 17 (3): 277–294, doi:10.1080/14772000.2019.1572035
  16. GRIN Species Records of Hymenachne. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)