Hymenachne | |
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Hymenachne amplexicaulis | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Poales |
Family: | Poaceae |
Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
Supertribe: | Andropogonodae |
Tribe: | Paspaleae |
Subtribe: | Otachyriinae |
Genus: | Hymenachne P.Beauv. [1] [2] |
Synonyms [3] [4] | |
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Hymenachne, synonym Dallwatsonia, is a genus of widespread wetland plants in the grass family Poaceae. They are commonly known as marsh grasses. [5] They are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific Islands. [6] A species from the Americas, H. amplexicaulis, is well known in other parts of the world as an introduced and invasive species. [7]
Hymenachne species are aquatic plants frequently found in marshes and other wet habitats. Their stems may be spongy with aerenchyma tissue. [8] The longest stems can reach 4 m (13 ft). They are perennial, sometimes with rhizomes. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped. [9] The inflorescence is usually a cylindrical, spike-shaped panicle, rarely with branches. [8]
The genus Hymenachne was first described by Palisot de Beauvois in 1812. [10] Hymenachne is similar to the genus Sacciolepis , [8] first described in 1901. Both were formerly considered part of Panicum . [8] Many species placed in Hymenachne have previously been placed in Sacciolepis. [11]
In 1992, Bryan Kenneth Simon described a new genus Dallwatsonia for a single new Australian species he called Dallwatsonia felliana. The genus was named for the Australian botanists Michael Dallwitz and Leslie Watson. [12] In 2014, ten further species were transferred from Panicum to Dallwatsonia by José Ramón Grande Allende, who noted that Dallwatsonia was closely related to Hymenachne, but could be distinguished by hollow rather than filled culms. [13] However, a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 supported the synonymy of Dallwatsonia and Hymenachne, [14] a conclusion also supported in a 2019 study. [15] As of November 2024 [update] , Plants of the World Online accepted Dallwatsonia as a synonym of Hymenachne. [3]
As of November 2024 [update] , the following species were accepted: [3] [16]
Panicum (panicgrass) is a large genus of about 450 species of Poaceae grasses native throughout the tropical regions of the world, with a few species extending into the northern temperate zone. They are often large, annual or perennial grasses, growing to 1–3 m (3–10 ft) tall.
Brachyelytrum is a genus of North American and East Asian plants in the grass family, classified in its own tribe Brachyelytreae.
Brachypodium is a genus of plants in the grass family, widespread across much of Africa, Eurasia, and Latin America. The genus is classified in its own tribe Brachypodieae.
Setaria is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family. The name is derived from the Latin word seta, meaning "bristle" or "hair", which refers to the bristly spikelets.
Axonopus is a genus of plants in the grass family, known generally as carpet grass. They are native primarily to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas with one species in tropical Africa and another on Easter Island. They are sometimes rhizomatous and many are tolerant of periodic submersion.
Lithachne is a genus of Neotropical plants in the grass family.
Sacciolepis is a genus of plants in the grass family. Cupscale grass is a common name for plants in this genus.
Steinchisma is a genus of plants in the grass family, native to the Americas but a few of them naturalized in Africa.
Streptogyna is a widespread genus of tropical plants in the grass family. It is the only genus in the monotypic tribe Streptogyneae.
Diarrhena, or beakgrain, is a genus of Asian and North American plants in the grass family.
Urochloa, commonly known as signalgrass, is a genus of plants in the grass family, native to tropical and subtropical regions of Eurasia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various islands.
Gymnopogon (skeletongrass) is a genus of American and Southeast Asian plants in the grass family.
Ichnanthus, commonly called bedgrass, is a genus of tropical plants in the grass family, widespread in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas.
Leptochloa is a widespread genus of Asian, Australian, and American plants in the grass family.
Megastachya is a genus of African plants in the grass family.
Sclerochloa is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the grass family. Hardgrass is a common name for plants in this genus.
Paspaleae is a tribe of the Panicoideae subfamily in the grasses (Poaceae), native mainly to the tropical and subtropical Americas but with a number of species introduced to other regions. It includes roughly 680 species in 39 genera. Species in this tribe use either of the C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways.
Paractaenum novae-hollandiae is a grass, native to Western Australia. It is an annual herb growing from 0.2 to 0.5 m high, on sands and loams. Its green-purple flowers may be seen from March to September.