Israel and the nuclear program of Iran

Last updated

Iran's air defense near Natanz nuclear facilities Natanz nuclear.jpg
Iran's air defense near Natanz nuclear facilities

The government of Israel believes that if the Islamic Republic of Iran achieves the development of nuclear weapons, the existence of Israel will be in serious danger and this regime will be the first target of a possible nuclear attack by Iran. [1] Benjamin Netanyahu, the prime minister of Israel, who is mentioned as one of the supporters [2] of Israel's "preemptive strike" on Iran's nuclear facilities, has repeatedly emphasized in official speeches that "all the risks are small and insignificant compared to the risk of Iran's nuclearization." [3] The Iranian government has repeatedly emphasized that the country's nuclear program is for peaceful purposes such as energy production and medical issues, and is not seeking to build nuclear weapons. [4]

Contents

Also, during the threats of an Israeli attack, the Iranian government emphasizes that it will give a "heavy response" [5] to the "scenario of an Israeli attack" on Iran, and Ali Khamenei, the leader of the Iranian government and commander-in-chief, has also said that "anyone whoever in the thinks of invading the Islamic Republic of Iran, should prepare himself to receive strong slaps and steel fists from the army, IRGC and Basij." [6]

Supporters and opponents of the preemptive strikes in Israel

The Voice of Israel, broadcast from Jerusalem to Iran, reflects and broadcasts the Israeli government's political propaganda against "nuclear Iran" in Persian. Israel Radio Persian.JPG
The Voice of Israel, broadcast from Jerusalem to Iran, reflects and broadcasts the Israeli government's political propaganda against "nuclear Iran" in Persian.

Influential and high-ranking people in Israel's army and intelligence, military and security organizations, as well as among senior politicians and Israeli media, are in favor or against that Israel's "preemptive attack" on "Iran's nuclear facilities" and each of these two groups have their own arguments and analysis. [7] [8]

Proponents of the "preemptive attack" on Iran's nuclear facilities evaluate the negotiations of the 5+1 group to reach a diplomatic agreement on this country's nuclear program as "failed" and "useless" and as the "waste of time" policy of the Iranian government. This proponents considers the negative impact of Western economic sanctions on Iran's economy insufficient to solve the nuclear crisis and they believes that Iran's nuclear program has progressed significantly during this period. They believe that the Iranian government is reaching an irreversible point in the cycle of uranium enrichment and making missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads. [9]

On the other hand, the opponents of the Israeli "preemptive attack" believe that the daily life of the Israeli people will face serious and formidable risks by going to a "risky war". [10]

Possible attack methods of Israel

A US Army F-15 Eagle fighter capable of firing a GBU-28 laser-guided missile to destroying underground bunkers. F-15E gbu-28 release.jpg
A US Army F-15 Eagle fighter capable of firing a GBU-28 laser-guided missile to destroying underground bunkers.

The Israeli Air Force has purchased 125 advanced F-15L and F-16L military aircraft, a number of advanced fifth-generation F-35 fighters, and 55 GBU-28 [11] laser-guided missiles capable of destroying bunker buster from the United States of America. Israeli Air Force fighters are equipped with automatic devices and additional fuel tanks and are suitable for long-range attacks. [12]

Possible routes for Israel's "preemptive strike"

According to the analysis of the Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth, there are four routes for the Israeli Air Force fighters to reach Iran: "The southern route over Saudi Arabia, the northern route over Syria and Turkey, the central route over Jordan and Iraq and a longer route over the Red Sea that does not require entering the airspace of a third country." [13]

Alleged plan to attack Iran

On August 15, 2012, American journalist Richard Sullivan claimed that he had obtained classified documents through an Israeli politician connected to a high-ranking anti-war officer in the Israeli army. The classified documents was about how Israel attacked Iran. According to this alleged plan, Israel has prepared for a 1-month war. According to Richard Sullivan, "military operations will be carried out with a series of extensive cyber attacks against Iran's infrastructure. After that, ballistic missiles will be hit Iran's nuclear facilities, command centers and military facilities, research and development centers related to the Atomic Energy Organization and the homes of senior figures related to Iran's nuclear program and missile development. In the final phase, manned fighters will be used to destroy the remaining targets that have not been completely destroyed by ballistic missiles." [14]

Human casualties

A study has been conducted at the University of Utah and the Omid Institute about the casualties of a possible Israeli attack on Iran, which says that in the event of an attack on Iran's nuclear centers (in Isfahan, Arak, Natanz and Bushehr), between five thousand to eighty thousand people may be killed. According to the author of this research, Khosrow Semnani, an expert in the industrial management of nuclear waste, the talk of this possible war has always been raised in the political and economic environment, but nothing has been said about the people of Iran who pay the main cost of these events. [15]

According to this report, between 3,000 and 10,000 people will be killed immediately, and in addition, many people will be exposed to nuclear radiation and the death toll will be much higher. This attack may kill or injure between seventy thousand to three hundred thousand peoples only in Isfahan. Also, this research shows that Iran is not ready to help citizens who are exposed to nuclear radiation and "it will be a disaster on the scale of Bhopal and Chernobyl." [15] [16]

Possible reaction of Iran's air defense

Iran has anti-aircraft defense to counter the attacks of hostile fighters, and it has 29 mobile Tor-M1 and S-300 systems made by Russia. [17]

Iran's senior military officials have announced that in case of an attack on Iran, the entire territory of Israel and the military bases of the United States of America in the Middle East region will be targeted by Iranian missiles. [18]

Iran can strike Israel using Shahab-3, Sejjil 2, Ghadr-110, Haj Qasem and Khorramshahr ballistic missiles, which are capable of reaching that country. [19] [20]

According to the report of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, which is based in London, Iran's ability to directly counterattack Israel is limited, and according to information obtained from public sources, until 2012, Iran had approximately six Shahab-3 and Ghadr-110 missile launchers. Also, Iran had twelve to eighteen devices suitable for Shahab-1 and Shahab-2 missiles, which according to the report of this institute, this number is probably increasing. [21] [22]

Israel has been accused by the Iranian government of assassinating several Iranian nuclear scientists such as Ardeshir Hosseinpour, Massoud Ali-Mohammadi, Majid Shahriari, Fereydoon Abbasi and Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan. [23] Several European sources have confirmed the involvement of the Mossad in these assassinations. [24] [25] For example, the English-language newspaper Independent in an article entitled "The world's deadliest assassins" named Mossad as "Israel's ruthless killing machine" and enumerated the assassinations and said that "the signature of the Israeli secret service can be seen in all of these assassinations." [26]

Following the assassination of Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan, the spokesman of the Israeli army said, "We do not shed tears for this murder." According to the Jerusalem Post, the commander of the Israeli army said the day before this assassination, 2012 will be a critical year for Iran and abnormal events will happen to this country. [27]

Spiegel magazine, citing an Israeli intelligence official, announced the assassination of Dariush Rezaeinejad as the first serious action of the new head of the Mossad, Tamir Pardo. [28]

The NBC channel mentioned the assassination of 4 nuclear scientists since 2007 and quoted an American official, without revealing his identity, and wrote that the attacks against those involved in Iran's nuclear program were carried out by members of the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran with the financial, training and weapons support of the Israeli intelligence service. The mentioned American official told NBC that the American government is aware of the terror operation, but has no role in it. [29] [30]

Following the broadcast of Majid Jamali Fashi's confession on Iranian TV, Time magazine wrote: "Iran's Ministry of Intelligence has destroyed a team equipped and trained by the Mossad. Western intelligence officials have confirmed that the details of Majid Jamali Fashi's confession about the January 2010 motorcycle assassination of Iranian nuclear scientist Massoud Ali-Mohammadi were correct. Western intelligence officials have declared a third country responsible for leaking this team." [31]

Ronen Bergman writes in the book "Rise and Kill First" that after Ariel Sharon appointed Meir Dagan as the head of Mossad, made him responsible for disrupting Iran's nuclear program. Because from the point of view of both of them, Iran's nuclear program was considered a threat against Israel. Dagan used different methods to accomplish this task. According to Dagan, the most difficult and of course the most efficient method was to identify key scientists in Iran's missile and nuclear industry and then kill them. Mossad identified fifteen of these people and eliminated six of them. Most of the elimination operations were carried out in the morning when they were on their way to work by means of quick-explosive bombs that were attached to their cars by a motorcycle rider. These operations and many others initiated by the Mossad and sometimes carried out with the cooperation of the United States were all successful. [32]

Israel has also been accused of assassinating Mohsen Fakhrizadeh. A senior Israeli official, who has been tracking Mohsen Fakhrizadeh for years, announced in an interview with the New York Times a few days after Fakhrizadeh's assassination, says that the world should thank Israel for killing Fakhrizadeh. Israeli Energy Minister Yuval Steinitz announced after the operation that Fakhrizadeh's assassination is positive for the world. [33] [34] [35] [36] Israeli prime minister Netanyahu said in a video message after the assassination of Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics official Mohsen Fakhrizadeh: "During the last week, I did some things that I don't want to tell you about. This is for you, the citizens of Israel, for our country, this week was an achievement, and there will be more." [37]

Iran's reaction

The Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran has claimed that after the first wave of assassinations of nuclear scientists, the agents of this ministry "monitored the intelligence and operational bases of Israel and identified and arrested some Israeli intelligence officers and mercenary terrorists". [38]

On May 15, 2012, Majid Jamali Fashi, who was tried in the Islamic Revolutionary Court in connection with the assassination of Massoud Ali-Mohammadi and sentenced to execution for the crime of "spying for Mossad and commanding the assassination of Massoud Ali-Mohammadi". So, he was executed in Evin prison. [39]

Television confession of the defendants to cooperate with the Israeli intelligence service

In January 2011, Iran's state television aired the television confession of Majid Jamali Fashi, in which he introduced himself as an agent trained by Mossad and accepted responsibility for the assassination of Massoud Ali-Mohammadi. [39]

In August 2012, the Islamic Republic of Iran's TV channel 1 (IRIB TV1) aired a special program called "Assassination Club", televised the confessions of some of those accused of involvement in the murder of people related to Iran's nuclear program, in which Israel was referred to as the "headquarters of the assassination of nuclear scientists." [40]

List of those killed

Accusation of attacking Israeli diplomats and citizens

In reaction [43] to the assassination of scientists related to Iran's nuclear program, the government of that country is suspected of planning and executing a series of retaliatory attacks that took place on February 13, 2012, in Hindustan, Thailand, and Georgia against Israel's diplomatic affiliates. [44] Also, Iran has been accused by the Israeli authorities of trying to bomb Israel's interests in Kenya and Cyprus. [45]

In this regard, the International Police has ordered the arrest of several Iranian citizens who were suspected of participating in these operations. [46]

On July 18, 2012, a suicide attack on a bus carrying Israeli tourists in eastern Bulgaria resulted in the death of 5 Israeli citizens. [47]

Israel's reaction

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in response to these attacks: "Iran is the biggest exporter of terrorists in the world and the traces of this country can be seen behind these attacks". [44] The Iranian government has denied these accusations. [48]

Malware and computer viruses

On January 16, 2011, the New York Times wrote in an investigative article that "Israel first tested the Stuxnet computer worm at the Shimon Peres Negev Nuclear Research Center and on similar centrifuges used in Iran at the Natanz nuclear facility." This is despite the fact that the government of Israel or the United States have never officially confirmed involvement in the spread of the Stuxnet virus. [49]

On June 20, 2012, the Washington Post newspaper wrote in an investigative article that the Flame malware, which had a very complex structure [50] with the purpose of "spying on computer networks and obtaining information necessary to disrupt the progress of Iran's nuclear program" has been produced and used against Iran by the US Central Intelligence Agency, the US National Security Agency and the Israel Defense Forces. [51] Kaspersky Lab has evaluated the date of the beginning of the malware attacks known as "Flame" from August 2010. [52]

Accused of vandalism

On September 17, 2012, Fereydoon Abbasi, the head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, announced the occurrence of a deliberate explosion in the power lines of the Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant on August 17, 2012, and added that "power outage is one of the ways to damage centrifuge machines". [53] [54]

On October 30, 2013, Iran's Minister of Intelligence, Mahmoud Alavi, said: "Actually, these people were thieves, not nuclear saboteurs, and they were from the village around the power plant, and they had a history of doing these things." [55]

See also

Related Research Articles

Ardeshir Hosseinpour was an Iranian nuclear scientist, physics professor, and electromagnetism expert, who was involved in the Iranian nuclear program. He died mysteriously in early 2007 during his nuclear work at Isfahan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohsen Fakhrizadeh</span> Iranian general and physicist (1961–2020)

Mohsen Fakhrizadeh Mahabadi was an Iranian nuclear physicist and scientist. He was regarded as the chief of Iran's nuclear program.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amin Zendegani</span> Iranian actor (born 1972)

Amin Zendegani is an Iranian actor. He is best known for his role as Solomon in the historical film The Kingdom of Solomon (2010). He has also starred in television series The Newlywed (2002), Mokhtarnameh (2010–2011), Everything Is There (2014–2015), and Touba (2024). Zendegani earned a Hafez Award nomination for his performance in Everything Is There. In 1996, he also won the Best Actor award as the second runner-up in Fajr Theatre Festival for his performance in Burning Red.

Cyberwarfare is a part of the Iranian government's "soft war" military strategy. Being both a victim and wager of cyberwarfare, Iran is considered an emerging military power in the field. Since November 2010, an organization called "The Cyber Defense Command" has been operating in Iran under the supervision of the country's "Passive Civil Defense Organization" which is itself a subdivision of the Joint Staff of Iranian Armed Forces.

Between 2010 and 2020, five Iranian nuclear scientists were killed in foreign-linked assassinations. Rezaeinejad was shot dead by gunmen on motorcycles, while Shahriari and Ahmadi Roshan were killed by explosives attached to their cars. Fereydoon Abbasi was also targeted in a car bombing, but survived.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of Service</span> Iranian award of honor

Order of Service is an Iranian state general order. For the first time, it was established and awarded during the Pahlavi dynasty and during the reign of Reza Shah. After Iranian Revolution it was re-established by "Council of Iran Ministers" in November 21, 1990. The order has three classes. According to Article 12 of the Regulations on the Awarding of Government Orders of Iran, the Order of Service awarded by President of Iran to recognize "achieving distinguished success" in one of the following:

  1. Truly and consistent efforts in accomplishing responsibility and servitude
  2. Aiding the oppressed and deprived people
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of Courage (Iran)</span> Iranian award of honor

Order of Courage or Bravery is an Iranian state general order established by "The Council of Iran Ministers" on November 21, 1990. The order has three classes. According to Article 14 of the Regulations on the Awarding of Government Orders of Iran, the Order of Courage awarded by President of Iran to recognize "courage, a high class characteristic of human in achieving distinguished success" in one of the following:

  1. Volunteer to accomplish a difficult task which is critical for the country
  2. Accepting a serious state mission or a social duty that is accompanied by potential threats
  3. Opportune use of physical power and skills to reach a high goal
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vahid Rahbani</span> Iranian actor (born 1979)

Vahid Rahbani is an Iranian actor, translator, director and playwright. He is best known for his role as Mohammad in Gando (2019–2021). He earned two Crystal Simorgh nominations for his performances in Expediency (2021), and A Relic of the South (2023).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps Research and Self-Sufficiency Jihad Organization</span>

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Research and Self-Sufficiency Jihad Organization is an Iranian R&D unit institution established in 1993. According to IRGC, it was attacked in 2021. It has buildings based in Isfahan and Tehran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kheibar Shekan</span> Iranian medium-range ballistic missile

Kheibar Shekan or Kheibarshekan is an Iranian solid-fuel medium-range ballistic missile operated by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force. It is of the third generation of IRGC missiles and was unveiled in 2022 at a ceremony attended by Iranian military commanders on the occasion of the 43rd anniversary of the Iranian Revolution. The missile is propelled by solid fuel and its warhead is maneuverable in terminal phase with the objective of evading air defenses. It has the ability to hit targets with a range and a radius of 1,450 kilometers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Erbil missile attacks</span> Missile attacks on Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

The 2022 Erbil missile attacks occurred on 13 March 2022 when multiple ballistic missiles were launched by the Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps from East Azerbaijan province, Iran, against the city of Erbil in Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Attack on the Iranian Embassy in London was an incident that took place on Friday, March 9, 2018 by some supporters of Sadiq al-Shirazi affiliated with the Mahdi Servants Union. With the intention of supporting al-Shirazi's school and protesting the arrest of Hussein al-Shirazi by the Islamic Republic of Iran, these people entered the premises and balcony of the Iranian Embassy in London, pulled down the Iranian flag and displayed the flag of their own group. The attackers also chanted slogans against the Iranian authorities and cursed Aisha, Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman. The attack was covered live by some satellite TV channels, including Fadak satellite channel, which is said to be affiliated with Yasser Al-Habib, a Kuwaiti Shia Muslim scholar resident of London.

The Amirkabir Newsletter is a student media outlet that began its activities at Amirkabir University of Technology in the late 1990s. Currently, this outlet is active on social networks such as Telegram, Instagram, and Twitter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Down with Israel</span> A motto against Israel

Down with Israel or Death to Israel is a political slogan against Israel, which is also used in Iran and other countries such as Iraq and Mexico. Every year, Iranian pilgrims sing the slogan of "death to Israel" during the Hajj rituals and the ceremony of disavowal of polytheists. This slogan is especially chanted against Israel by demonstrators on Quds Day and is often accompanied by the burning of the Israeli flag. This slogan has also been used in the atmosphere of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran. In the film released from Iran's missile exercise during Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's presidency, the slogan "Death to Israel" was written on ballistic missiles that were fired at replicas. This slogan in Iran does not mean a mere political slogan, but an expression of the vision of the Iranian government towards Israel's current in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iranian reactions to the Gaza War (2008–2009)</span> Irans reactions to the Gaza war

The Gaza War (2008–2009) was accompanied by the stance of many countries and organizations in the world. In Iran, the war were accompanied by the reaction of the people and government officials. The most important of these reactions are the Fatwa of Jihad by Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran, and the sit-in and attack on foreign embassies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Tyre</span> 1982 attack on Israeli troops in Lebanon

"Operation Tyre" was a suicide attack against the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in the city of Tyre during the 1982 Lebanon War. It was carried out by Ahmad Jafar Qasir, a Lebanese Shia Muslim who drove an explosive-laden Peugeot 504 towards the IDF command centre in the city. As many as 102 people were killed in the attack, while another 55 were wounded and 10 missing. Responsibility for the car bombing, which preceded another one in November 1983, was attributed to the Iran-backed Lebanese militant organization Hezbollah.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operations attributed to Israel in Iran</span> Israels sabotage in Iran

Operations attributed to Israel in Iran is a list of subversive operations in Iran that have been attributed to Israel in the public opinion or the speech of Iranian officials. Israel has not officially claimed responsibility for many of these operations. Israeli authorities have always presented themselves in opposition to the Islamic Republic of Iran and their propagated ideas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dariush Rezaeinejad</span> Iranian nuclear scientist (1977–2011)

Dariush Rezaeinejad was an Iranian electrical engineering PhD student from K. N. Toosi University of Technology, who was killed in front of his home. Iran's Intelligence Minister Heydar Moslehi said he was "not active in nuclear projects and has nothing to do with the nuclear issue." However, the Associated Press news agency, in a report quoting a foreign official and a former UN nuclear inspector, wrote that Rezaeinejad's research was about high-voltage switches, which are considered an important part in the construction of nuclear warheads in atomic weapons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Majid Jamali Fashi</span> Iranian assassin affiliated with Israel

Majid Jamali Fashi was an Iranian martial artist, the holder of a world bronze medal in kickboxing, and was accused of assassinating Iranian nuclear scientist Massoud Ali-Mohammadi on the orders of Israel. He was executed after the trial.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Embassy of Israel, Tehran</span> Israeli Embassy in Tehran

Israel's political representation in Iran, also referred to as the Embassy of Israel in Tehran, was a large three-story building on Kakh Boulevard in the capital of Iran, that was owned by the Israeli diplomatic mission. This agency was trying to strengthen the relations between Iran and Israel. Embassy of Israel in Tehran, was the diplomatic mission of Israel in Iran when Iran and Israel had diplomatic relations from 1948 to 1979, the year of the Iranian revolution.

References

  1. ↑ "Nuclear dilemma: Israel vs. Iran" [معضل هسته‌ای: اسرائیل در مقابل ایران]. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  2. ↑ McGreal, Chris (6 March 2012). "Netanyahu on Iran: 'None of us can afford to wait much longer'" [نتانیاهو درباره ایران: هیچ یک از ما نمی‌توانیم بیشتر از این صبر کنیم]. The Guardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  3. ↑ اسرائیل, فرنوش رام- (12 August 2012). "گزارش رسانه‌های اسرائیلی از شنیده شدن «صدای پای جنگ» علیه ایران" [Israeli media report that the "sound of war" was heard against Iran]. رادیو فردا (in Persian). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  4. ↑ "احمدی‌نژاد: تندروی سبب زایش بیشتر تندروها می‌شود" [Ahmadinejad: Extremism causes the birth of more extremists] (in Persian). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  5. ↑ "رئیس پیشین موساد: «خطر حمله اسرائیل به ایران جدی است»" [Former head of Mossad: "The danger of Israel's attack on Iran is serious"] (in Persian). 2 August 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  6. ↑ "رهبر ایران به آمریکا و اسرائیل در مورد حمله احتمالی هشدار داد" [The leader of Iran warned America and Israel about a possible attack] (in Persian). 10 November 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  7. ↑ Hasan, Mehdi (29 April 2012). "Most Israeli citizens don't want a war with Iran" [اکثر شهروندان اسرائیلی خواهان جنگ با ایران نیستند]. The Guardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  8. ↑ "Netanyahu, Obama divided on price of Israeli strike against Iran" [نتانیاهو و اوباما بر سر قیمت حمله اسرائیل به ایران اختلاف نظر دارند]. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  9. ↑ "Israeli Minister Asks Nations to Say Iran Talks Have Failed" [وزیر اسرائیل از ملت‌ها خواست که بگویند مذاکرات ایران شکست خورده است]. The New York Times . Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  10. ↑ "تظاهرات اسرائیلی‌ها علیه جنگ با ایران" [Demonstrations of Israelis against the war with Iran]. رادیو فردا (in Persian). 13 August 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  11. ↑ "چرا آمریکا بمب‌های سنگرشکن به اسرائیل فروخت؟" [Why did America sell mortar bombs to Israel?]. رادیو فردا (in Persian). 28 September 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  12. ↑ "حمله احتمالی اسرائیل به ایران چگونه خواهد بود؟" [How will Israel's possible attack on Iran be?] (in Persian). 28 February 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  13. ↑ "هشدار عربستان به اسرائیل در مورد مسیر حمله به ایران" [Saudi Arabia warns Israel about the path of attack on Iran] (in Persian). 9 August 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  14. ↑ "Israel 'prepared for 30-day war with Iran'" [اسرائیل برای جنگ ۳۰ روزه با ایران آماده شد]. BBC News. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  15. 1 2 اسفندياری, گلناز (22 September 2012). "«قمار هسته‌ای آيت الله»؛ تحقيقی درباره تلفات احتمالی حمله به ايران" ["Ayatollah's nuclear gamble"; An investigation about the possible casualties of the attack on Iran]. رادیو فردا (in Persian). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  16. ↑ "تلفات احتمالی حمله به سایت‌های هسته‌ای ایران" [Possible casualties of an attack on Iran's nuclear sites] (in Persian). 30 September 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  17. ↑ "Iran Gets Lethal Russian Missile System" [ایران به سامانه موشکی کشنده روسیه دست یافت]. ABC News . Archived from the original on 2008-11-04. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  18. ↑ "رئیس پیشین موساد: شمشیر ایران هنوز به گلوی ما نرسیده" [Former head of Mossad: Iran's sword has not reached our throat yet] (in Persian). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  19. ↑ "Iran Unveils New Missiles, Improving Its Reach at Sea and to Israel" [ایران از موشک‌های جدیدی رونمایی می‌کند که دسترسی خود به دریا و اسرائیل را بهبود می‌بخشد]. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  20. ↑ "Missiles of Iran" [موشک‌های ایران]. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  21. ↑ "ایران چگونه به حملهٔ احتمالی اسرائیل پاسخ خواهد داد" [How will Iran respond to a possible Israeli attack?] (in Persian). 7 March 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  22. ↑ "Irans Ballistic Missile Capabilities - A Net assessment" [توانمندی‌های موشکی بالستیک ایران - ارزیابی خالص](PDF). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  23. ↑ "نقش موساد در ترور دانشمندان هسته‌ای" [Mossad's role in the assassination of nuclear scientists] (in Persian). 23 May 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  24. ↑ "Why Does Israel Keep Assassinating Iranian Officials? Because It Works" [چرا اسرائیل به ترور مقامات ایرانی ادامه می‌دهد؟ چون کار می‌کند.]. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  25. ↑ "Israel's Mossad suspected of high-level Iran penetration" [موساد اسرائیل مظنون به نفوذ در بالاترین سطح ایران است]. 6 February 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  26. ↑ "The world's deadliest assassins" [مرگبارترین قاتلان جهان] (in Persian). 11 December 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  27. ↑ "Report: Iran nuclear scientist killed in car bomb blast" [گزارش: دانشمند هسته‌ای ایران در انفجار خودروی بمب گذاری شده کشته شد]. CNN . 11 January 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  28. ↑ Putz, Ulrike (2 August 2011). "Mossad Behind Tehran Assassinations, Says Source" [یک منبع می‌گوید موساد پشت ترورهای تهران است]. Der Spiegel. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  29. ↑ "Israel teams with terror group to kill Iran's nuclear scientists, U.S. officials tell NBC News" [مقامات آمریکایی به ان‌بی‌سی نیوز گفتند که اسرائیل با گروه‌های تروریستی برای کشتن دانشمندان هسته‌ای ایران همکاری می‌کند]. NBC News . 9 February 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  30. ↑ "ان‌بی‌سی از قول مقام آمریکایی: ترورها کار مجاهدین و موساد است" [NBC, according to the American official: the assassinations are the work of Mojahedin and Mossad] (in Persian). 9 February 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  31. ↑ "Report: Israel's Mossad Scales Back Covert Operations in Iran" [گزارش: موساد اسرائیل از شدت عملیات مخفیانه در ایران کم می‌کند]. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  32. ↑ Bergman, Ronen (30 January 2018). Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations [برخیز و اول تو بکش: تاریخ مخفی ترورهای هدفمند اسرائیل]. Random House Publishing. ISBN   978-0-679-60468-6 . Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  33. ↑ "Brazen Killings Expose Iran's Vulnerabilities as It Struggles to Respond" [کشتارهای وقیحانه، آسیب پذیری‌های ایران را در حالی که تلاش می کند پاسخگو باشد، آشکار می‌کند]. The New York Times . Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  34. ↑ "World Should Thank Us for Killing Iran's Top Nuclear Scientist, Senior Israeli Official Tells NYT" [یک مقام ارشد اسرائیلی به نیویورک تایمز گفت: جهان باید از ما برای کشتن دانشمند برتر هسته‌ای ایران تشکر کند.]. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  35. ↑ "Mohsen Fakhrizadeh: Iran scientist 'killed by remote-controlled weapon'" [محسن فخری‌زاده: دانشمند ایرانی با سلاح کنترل از راه دور کشته شد]. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  36. ↑ "Past and present: Israel's targeting of Iran nuclear aspirations" [گذشته و حال: هدف قرار دادن اسرائیل از آرمان‌های هسته‌ای ایران]. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  37. ↑ "World should thank Israel for hit on Iran nuke chief, Israeli official tells NYT" [یک مقام اسرائیلی به نیویورک تایمز گفت: جهان باید از اسرائیل برای ضربه زدن به رئیس هسته‌ای ایران تشکر کند]. The Times of Israel . Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  38. 1 2 "وزارت اطلاعات ایران: عوامل ترور سه «دانشمند هسته‌ای» را دستگیر کردیم" [Iran's Ministry of Intelligence: We have arrested the agents of the assassination of three "nuclear scientists"] (in Persian). 14 June 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  39. 1 2 "'قاتل فیزیکدان ایرانی' اعدام شد" [The "killer of the Iranian physicist" was executed] (in Persian). 15 May 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  40. ↑ "پخش «اعتراف‌های» متهمان به ترور دانشمندان اتمی" [Broadcasting the "confessions" of those accused of assassinating nuclear scientists] (in Persian). 6 August 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  41. 1 2 3 "حیدر مصلحی از دستگیری ۳۰ نفر به اتهام ترور متخصصان ایرانی خبر داد" [Heydar Moslehi announced the arrest of 30 people accused of assassinating Iranian experts] (in Persian). 22 July 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  42. ↑ "پیام رهبر ایران به مناسبت ترور مصطفی احمدی روشن" [The message of the leader of Iran on the occasion of the assassination of Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan] (in Persian). 13 January 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  43. ↑ "Iran Signals Revenge Over Killing of Scientist" [ایران از قتل دانشمند انتقام می‌گیرد]. The New York Times . Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  44. 1 2 "حمله به سفارتخانه‌های اسرائیل در هند و گرجستان؛ ایران در مظان اتهام" [Attack on Israeli embassies in India and Georgia; Iran under suspicion]. Deutsche Welle (in Persian). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  45. ↑ "Israel Accuses Iran of Bus Attack in Bulgaria" [اسرائیل ایران را به حمله به یک اتوبوس در بلغارستان متهم کرد]. Der Spiegel. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  46. ↑ "پلیس هند پاسداران را مسئول حمله به دیپلمات‌های اسرائیلی دانست" [The Indian police blamed the IRGC for the attack on the Israeli diplomats]. Deutsche Welle (in Persian). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  47. ↑ "Israel Names Five Victims of Bulgaria Terror Attack" [اسراییل از پنج قربانی حمله تروریستی بلغارستان نام برد]. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  48. ↑ "بمب گذاری انتحاری بلغارستان و اتهامات اسرائیل علیه ایران" [Bulgaria's suicide bombing and Israel's accusations against Iran] (in Persian). 19 July 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  49. ↑ "Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay" [آزمایش اسراییل روی کرم کامپیوتری برای به تأخیر انداختن برنامه هسته‌ای ایران حیاتی است]. The New York Times . Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  50. ↑ "کشف بدافزار جاسوسی جدید با نام 'مهدی'" [Discovery of a new spy malware called "Mahdi"] (in Persian). 17 July 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  51. ↑ "همکاری آمریکا و اسرائیل در تولید بدافزار فلیم" [American and Israeli cooperation in the production of Flame malware] (in Persian). 20 June 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  52. ↑ "کشف یک حملهٔ گستردهٔ سایبری علیه ایران و اسرائیل" [Discovering a massive cyber attack against Iran and Israel] (in Persian). 29 May 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  53. ↑ "ایران از انفجار یک ماه پیش کابل‌های برق در مسیر قم و کارخانه غنی‌سازی اورانیوم خبر داد" [Iran announced the explosion of electric cables on the way to Qom and the uranium enrichment plant a month ago] (in Persian). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  54. ↑ "ایران از «خرابکاری» در خطوط برق تأسیسات فردو در ماه اوت خبر داد" [Iran reported "vandalism" in the power lines of Fordow facilities in August]. رادیو فردا (in Persian). 18 September 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  55. ↑ "اختلاف مقامات ایران دربارهٔ بازداشت‌شدگان تأسیسات هسته‌ای" [The dispute between the Iranian authorities about the detainees of the nuclear facilities] (in Persian). 30 October 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.