Katsina

Last updated

Katsina
SAN 8439 (Katsina Emir Palace).jpg
Emir's Palace in Katsina
Nickname(s): 
KT, KT 1T, Katsina ta Korau ɗakin kara.
Nigeria location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Katsina
Location in Nigeria
Coordinates: 12°59′20″N07°36′03″E / 12.98889°N 7.60083°E / 12.98889; 7.60083
Country Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria
State Flag of Katsina State.svg Katsina State
Government
  ChairmanHamisu Gambo
  Emir Abdulmumini Kabir Usman
Area
  Total142 km2 (55 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)
  Total318,459
Time zone West Africa Time
3-digit postal code prefix
820
ISO 3166 code NG.KT.KA
Climate BSh
Katsina

Katsina, likely from "Tamashek" (meaning son or blood) or mazza (men) with "inna" (mother) [1] is a Local Government Area and the capital city of Katsina State, in northern Nigeria. [2]

Contents

Located some 260 kilometres (160 mi) east of the city of Sokoto and 135 kilometres (84 mi) northwest of Kano, close to the border with Niger Republic, in 2016, Katsina's estimated population was estimated at 429,000. [3]

The city is the centre of an agricultural region production of groundnuts, cotton, hides, millet and guinea corn [2] and also has mills for producing peanut oil and steel, it was also a center for large scale poultry farming of cows, goats, sheep and chickens.

The city has a largely Muslim population, mainly from the Hausa and Fulani ethnic groups. [4]

History

Surrounded by city wall 21 kilometres (13 mi) in length, Katsina is believed to have been founded circa 1100. [2] In pre-Islamic times, Katsina's semi-divine ruler was known as the Sarki, who faced a summary death-sentence if found to be ruling incompetently. From the 17th to the 18th century, Katsina was the commercial heart of Hausaland and became the largest of the seven Hausa city-states. Katsina was conquered by the Fulani during the Fulani War in 1807. In 1903, the Emir, Abubakar dan Ibrahim, accepted British rule, which continued until Nigerian independence from Britain in 1960.[ citation needed ]

The city's history of western-style education dates back to the early 1950s, when the first middle school in northern Nigeria was established (Katsina Teachers College). There are now several institutions of higher learning, including two universities: Umaru Musa Yar'adua University and the private Alqalam University, a polytechnic Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic and a Federal College of Education, Katsina. The city of Katsina is also home to an 18th-century mosque featuring the Gobarau Minaret, a 15-metre (50 ft) tower made from mud and palm branches. [2]

Katsina Emirate

Katsina Emirate "Gidan Korau" Image of emirs palace katsina.jpg
Katsina Emirate "Gidan Korau"

The Katsina Royal Palace, known as Gidan Korau, is a huge complex located in the centre of the ancient city. [5] It is a symbol of culture, history and traditions of 'Katsinawa'. According to historical account, it was built in 1348 CE by Muhammadu Korau, who is believed to have been the first Muslim King of Katsina. This explains why it is traditionally known as 'Gidan Korau' (House of Korau). It is one of the oldest and among the first generation palaces, along with Daura, Kano and Zazzau. The palace was encircled with a rampart, 'Ganuwar Gidan Sarki' (which is now gone). The main gate which leads to the palace is known as 'Kofar Soro', while the gate at the backyard is called 'Kofar Bai' (now gone). The Emir's residential quarters at the epicenter of the Palace is a large compound built in the typical traditional architectural style. [6]

Religion

There are mainly two Religions existing in katsina, which are;

Local government areas

Katsina State has 34 local governments. The local governments area of Katsina is an area of 142 km2, with a population of 429,000 as of 2016. The local government are as follows:

  1. Batagarawa
  2. Bindawa
  3. Rimi
  4. Charanchi
  5. Bakori
  6. Danja
  7. Funtua
  8. Jibiya
  9. Batsari
  10. Kankara
  11. Kankia
  12. Faskari
  13. Malumfashi
  14. Kafur
  15. Kurfi
  16. Matazu
  17. Musawa
  18. Dan-Musa
  19. Safana
  20. Dutsin-Ma
  21. Dandume
  22. Baure
  23. Katsina
  24. Mani
  25. Kusada
  26. Sabuwa
  27. Mashi
  28. Zango
  29. Sandamu
  30. Daura
  31. Mai'Adua
  32. Ingawa
  33. Kaita
  34. Dutsi

Source: Katsina culture and history board, office of the surveyor of Katsina State. [7]

The postal code of the area is 820. [8]

Education

Umaru musa yar'aduwa university Umaru Musa Yar'adua, University 01.jpg
Umaru musa yar'aduwa university

Katsina city is well known for years as a CRADLE OF LEARNING, there have been in existence Islamic Schools and other centres of scholarship as far back 14th century, below are the names of high institution found in the city.

Media stations

Economy

The state's economy will be developed based on agriculture and solid minerals exploitation to create jobs and wealth through the utilization and mobilization of natural and human resources. [14]

Geography

The capital of Katsina Emirate, Katsina, is situated 7 miles south of the Niger border in northern Nigeria. With over 500,000 people, Katsina is a major hub for the manufacturing of steel, textiles, and agricultural products. The city is home to a diversified cultural life as well as intriguing architecture, like as mosques and historic city walls. [15] [16] [17] [18]

Desertification

Desertification, caused by climate change and human activities, poses a significant environmental challenge in Katsina State, affecting socio-economic life and hindering basic human needs. [19]

Flood

Water went away in Katsina City during a flood, causing two people to be swept away from their homes in the nearby town of Sabon Ungwa. [20] [21] [22]

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Katsina has a hot semi-arid climate, abbreviated BSh on climate maps. [23]

Climate data for Katsina
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)36.7
(98.1)
39.4
(102.9)
41.7
(107.1)
42.2
(108.0)
42.2
(108.0)
41.1
(106.0)
36.1
(97.0)
33.3
(91.9)
35.0
(95.0)
37.2
(99.0)
37.2
(99.0)
36.7
(98.1)
42.2
(108.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)30.1
(86.2)
32.8
(91.0)
36.4
(97.5)
38.6
(101.5)
37.8
(100.0)
34.6
(94.3)
30.8
(87.4)
28.8
(83.8)
30.9
(87.6)
34.0
(93.2)
33.1
(91.6)
30.2
(86.4)
33.2
(91.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)21.1
(70.0)
23.6
(74.5)
27.8
(82.0)
30.8
(87.4)
31.0
(87.8)
28.6
(83.5)
25.9
(78.6)
24.6
(76.3)
25.8
(78.4)
26.7
(80.1)
24.1
(75.4)
21.2
(70.2)
25.9
(78.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)12.0
(53.6)
14.3
(57.7)
19.1
(66.4)
23.1
(73.6)
24.2
(75.6)
22.7
(72.9)
21.1
(70.0)
20.6
(69.1)
20.7
(69.3)
19.3
(66.7)
15.1
(59.2)
12.1
(53.8)
18.7
(65.7)
Record low °C (°F)5.0
(41.0)
5.6
(42.1)
4.4
(39.9)
11.7
(53.1)
18.3
(64.9)
16.7
(62.1)
15.0
(59.0)
16.7
(62.1)
16.7
(62.1)
8.3
(46.9)
5.6
(42.1)
5.6
(42.1)
4.4
(39.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches)0.5
(0.02)
0.5
(0.02)
0.5
(0.02)
5.0
(0.20)
56.0
(2.20)
84.0
(3.31)
185.0
(7.28)
274.0
(10.79)
127.0
(5.00)
10.0
(0.39)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
742.0
(29.21)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.3 mm)00015815171320061
Average relative humidity (%) (at 07:00 LST)39322841627788939276494460
Mean monthly sunshine hours 279.0257.1257.3261.0288.3267.0244.9220.1246.0285.2285.0275.93,166.8
Mean daily sunshine hours 9.09.18.38.79.38.97.97.18.29.29.58.98.6
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst [24]

Rainfall

Katsina State usually record zero average rainfall from November to March; 1, 9 and 41 mm (0.04, 0.35 and 1.61 in) in April, May and June respectively; and 85, 119, 40 and 8 mm (3.35, 4.69, 1.57 and 0.31 in) for the months of July, August, September and October. [16]

The table below shows record of rainfall from 1990 to 2019 obtained from Nimet Katsina.

Rainfall Record of Katsina City
S/NCodeYearsJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
1.650281990000029.957.9198.8220.234.7000
2.6502819910010.812.273.558.871.5109.721.11.400
3.650281992000033.619.989.3119.470.70.200
4.65028199300004.542.36994.551.7000
5.6502819940003.112.342.3107.9174.2113.120.300
6.65028199500010307080120801000
7.650281996000042.644.538.166.867.8000
8.650281997007.29.589.530.491.1153.756.58.300
9.65028199800010.111.443.4114.1116.6135.20.800
10.65028199900004.222.4149.289.8132.318.400
11.65028200000001.6106.8299.9160.262.14500
12.65028200100016.983.9110.8176240.970.6000
13.65028200200002.9141.3170.471.3199.19.800
14.650282003000452.857.2118.2275.575.116.400
15.650282004000074.9151.2161.1268.842000
16.65028200500014.818.483.2173.7216.119450.400
17.650282006000026.169.9170.9314.9129.71500
18.6502820070006.284.9135.2117.4314.945.5000
19.65028200800016.68.563.3182.9213.967.74.200
20.65028200900009557.996.5123.338.32900
21.65028201000085.68.1118.8226.1448.976.648.600
22.650282011000038149.2116.6180.667.3800
23.650282012000059.5135.2117.4314.9129.71500
24.65028201300042.436.7103.289274.7107.610.200
25.650282014000038.139.5178.9178.746.3000
26.6502820150000089.1178.9274.746.3900
27.65028201600004.542.36994.559.5000
28.65028201700010.111.462114.116.6135.20.800
29.65028201800002.9141.3170.4149.7199.163.800
30.65028201900011.68.1118.8232.7359.198.626.600

Source: Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Katsina 2021.

Temperature

Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or place.

Maximum temperatures

The temperature of Katsina is usually high, with April having the hottest average high temperature of 40.8 °C or 105.4 °F while December having the mildest average high temperature of 31.4 °C or 88.5 °F. [16]

The table below contains the highest temperature each month from 1985 to 2017.

S/NCodeYearJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuniJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
1.65028198531.729.736.536.538.635.931.631.333.235.533.928.2
2.65028198638.934.73740.239.23731.531.432.235.433.337.4
3.65028198730.433.63637.640.136.635.132.634.435.734.130.1
4.65028198828.43236.73939.235.331.929.531.934.333.728.5
5.6502819892628.435.239.338.336.232.430.932.633.633.629.6
6.65028199032.230.133.539.938.136.731.731.433.936.735.534
7.65028199129.435.935.93935.335.13130.534.436.433.328.9
8.65038199229.130.136.43936.535.63130.332.435.731.530.2
9.65028199336.532.536.539.339.336.533.331.533.136.935.529.5
10.65028199429.531.638.238.738.935.431.829.531.434.132.327.4
11.65028199527.73138.138.838.336.132.930.932.635.432.231.7
12.65028199632.134.837.639.338.334.533.630.332.335.331.231.8
13.65028199731.328.534.838.336.535.132.431.733.636.535.630.4
14.65028199829.433.533.940.239.335.632.130.831.634.934.930.6
15.65028199930.8343939.539.338.131.729.531.433.433.229.7
16.6502820003128.635.240.539.635.3313132.933.833.829.6
17.65028200129.330.436.93837.834.331.3303234.833.631.9
18.65028200226.331.63739.840.83632.531.132.232.433.831
19.65028200334.735.339.639.434.435.631.330.832.833.833.531.7
20.6502820043229.9403936.5323033363433.931.9
2165028200513.419.4222425.224.222.721.622.32016.214
22.6502820061518.12021.4262523.22222.2221511.8
23.65028200712.813.618.322.724.423.821.520.320.517.613.310.7
24.6502820089.514.42021.223.222.821.119.519.817.513.311.5
25.65028200911.114.219.223.424.222.422.421.122.121.514.613.6
26.65028201014.51719.723.823.723.82220.721.919.614.314.1
27.65028201113.317.917.522.324.723.820.620.521.221.216.112.2
28.65028201212.616.418.625.426.323.421.320.421.822.119.014.6
29.65028201330.734.339.837.838.835.632.529.932.834.934.931.1
30.65028201430.832.237.539.737.636.633.430.732.535.934.830.7
31.65028201528.235.136.137.540.337.433.433.132.535.933.336.1
32.65028201628.232.538.540.53935.132.230.932.336.535.530.7
33.65028201727.831.637.539.53934.731.93132.935.734.130.2

Source: Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Katsina, 2021

Lowest temperatures

January is usually the coldest month of the year in Katsina having the lowest average low temperatures of 14.7 °C or 58.5 °F. [16]

S/NCodeYearJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
1.6502819851614.722.624.226.724.422.222.222.62117.514.7
2.65028198612.71823.426.226.625.221.921.822.220.817.912.8
3.65028198713.116.721.422.325.224.923.922.623.622.517.514.5
4.65028198814.416.421.626.624.524.522.721.222.319.616.213.5
5.65028198911.113.818.923.125.124.422.221.722.820.615.813.8
6.65028199015.514.31725.725.725.122.425.823.42118.117.4
7.65028199113.718.921.725.524.524.416.212.6
8.65028199212.513.921.924.425.123.721.421.121.620.316.512.7
9.65028199311.31519.722.724.923.121.120.721.120.517.512.5
10.65028199412.513.519.523.724.222.12019.119.620.713.510.5
11.65028199511.21319.122.723.522.220.519.419.719.81412.4
12.65028199611.414.218.720.822.320.62018.81918.711.812.2
13.6502819971414.121.124.724.62422.922.323.123.518.914.2
14.65028199813.717.518.625.827.724.523.121.822.321.316.913.3
15.65028199912.61620.223.124.724.120.820.420.71915.111.3
16.6502820001311.216.71924.323.5212121.919.914.111
17.65028200120.212.616.52324.623.2222121.919.714.612.8
18.65028200211.713.52025.6262422.121.922.319.813.912.8
19.65028200316.518.624.42423.623.522.222.122.519.914.512.5
20.6502820041617.5252524.2222122201714.712.3
2165028200513.419.4222425.224.222.721.622.32016.214
226502820061518.12021.4262523.22222.2221511.8
23.65028200712.813.618.322.724.423.821.520.320.517.613.310.7
24.6502820089.514.42021.223.222.821.119.519.817.513.311.5
25.65028200911.114.219.223.424.222.422.421.121.121.514.613.6
26.65028201014.51719.723.823.723.82220.721.919.614.314.1
27.65028201113.317.917.522.324.723.820.620.521.221.216.112.2
28.65028201212.616.418.625.426.323.421.320.421.822.119.014.6
29.65028201314.315.822.123.424.322.721.92122.320.918.315.9
30.65028201414.316.721.725.825.826.724.222.122.320.718.214.2
31.65028201512.318.120.822.226.624.822.722.323.317.613.3
32.65028201613.516.524.227.126.824.923.222.22222.318.713.1
33.65028201713.416.419.92527.124.823.122.423.119.916.615.4

Source: Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Katsina 2021

Notable people

See also

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References

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