Khinjaria

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Khinjaria
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous
(late Maastrichtian)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Clade: Mosasauria
Superfamily: Mosasauroidea
Family: Mosasauridae
Clade: Russellosaurina
Subfamily: Plioplatecarpinae
Clade: Selmasaurini
Genus: Khinjaria
Species:
K. acuta
Binomial name
Khinjaria acuta
Longrich et al., 2024

Khinjaria (meaning "dagger") is an extinct genus of plioplatecarpine mosasaurid from the Late Cretaceous Ouled Abdoun Basin of Morocco. The genus contains a single species, K. acuta, known from a partial skull and vertebra. Khinjaria was likely an apex predator in its environment, as its large body size, blade-like teeth, and unusual skull morphology would have allowed it to attack large prey animals.

Contents

Discovery and naming

The Khinjaria holotype specimen, MHNM.KHG.521, was discovered in sediments of the Oulad Abdoun Basin (Lower Couche III, Sidi Chennane locality) in Khouribga Province, Morocco. The specimen consists of a partial skull (with a partial premaxilla, both maxillae, the prefrontals, the frontal and parietal, right postorbitofrontal, partial right squamosal, and a dentary) and an associated vertebra, possibly coming from the trunk region. [1]

In 2024, Longrich et al. described Khinjaria acuta as a new genus and species of plioplatecarpine mosasaur based on these fossil remains. The generic name, "Khinjaria", derives from an Arabic word for a dagger. The specific name, "acuta", means "sharp" in Latin. The full binomial name references the morphology of the teeth of Khinjaria. [1]

Description

Life restoration of the related Goronyosaurus hunting juvenile plesiosaurs Goronyosaurus nigeriensis abelov.jpg
Life restoration of the related Goronyosaurus hunting juvenile plesiosaurs

The body length of Khinjaria was estimated at 8 metres (26 ft). This, in addition to its fanglike teeth, would have allowed it to hunt large prey. The maxilla held ten or eleven teeth, compared to eleven in the closely related Goronyosaurus , twelve in Gavialimimus , and eleven or twelve in Selmasaurus johnsoni . Like Goronyosaurus, Khinjaria had twelve teeth in its dentary. These teeth are proportionately large, like Selmasaurus johnsoni, in contrast to the small teeth of other plioplatecarpine taxa like Gavialimimus. In general, the rostrum is unusually short and the orbit size is reduced. The maxilla and dentary are robust and deep. The skull is very akinetic, meaning that the individual bones comprising it did not move in relation to each other. This would have allowed the jaws to be more powerful. [1]

Classification

In their phylogenetic analyses, Longrich et al. (2024) recovered Khinjaria within a clade of plioplatecarpine mosasaurids, as the sister taxon to Goronyosaurus . They named this clade—also containing Gavialimimus , Goronyosaurus, and Selmasaurus —the Selmasaurini. [1] A similar clade was recovered by Strong et al. (2020) in their description of Gavialimimus. [2] The results of the analyses of Longrich et al. are shown in the cladogram below:

Tethysaurus

Plioplatecarpinae

Russellosaurus

Yaguarasaurus columbianus

Carlile Formation plioplatecarpine

Yaguarasaurus regiomontanus

Ectenosaurus spp.

Angolasaurus

Plioplatecarpini

Selmasaurini

Selmasaurus johnsoni

Selmasaurus russelli

Gavialimimus

Goronyosaurus

Khinjaria

Related Research Articles

<i>Selmasaurus</i> Extinct genus of mosasaurids

Selmasaurus is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is classified as part of the Plioplatecarpinae subfamily alongside genera like Angolasaurus and Platecarpus. Two species are known, S. russelli and S. johnsoni; both are exclusively known from Santonian deposits in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mosasaurinae</span> Subfamily of reptiles

The Mosasaurinae are a subfamily of mosasaurs, a diverse group of Late Cretaceous marine squamates. Members of the subfamily are informally and collectively known as "mosasaurines" and their fossils have been recovered from every continent except for South America.

Plioplatecarpinae is a subfamily of mosasaurs, a diverse group of Late Cretaceous marine squamates. Members of the subfamily are informally and collectively known as "plioplatecarpines" and have been recovered from all continents, though the occurrences in Australia remain questionable. The subfamily includes the genera Latoplatecarpus, Platecarpus, Plioplatecarpus and Plesioplatecarpus.

Eonatator is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is a close relative of Halisaurus, and part of the same subfamily, the Halisaurinae. It is known from the Late Cretaceous of North America, Colombia and Sweden. Originally, this taxon was included within Halisaurus, but was placed in its own genus, which also led to the subfamily Halisaurinae being created for the two genera.

<i>Globidens</i> Extinct genus of lizards

Globidens is an extinct genus of mosasaurid oceanic lizard classified as part of the Globidensini tribe in the Mosasaurinae subfamily.

<i>Prognathodon</i> Extinct genus of lizards

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Goronyosaurus is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. Fossils of Goronyosaurus are exclusively known from the Late Maastrichtian of the Iullemmeden Basin in West Africa, specifically the Dukamaje Formation of Niger and Nigeria and Farin Doutchi Formation of Niger. The type specimen was first described in 1930 as Mosasaurus nigeriensis, but subsequent remains revealed a highly unique set of adaptations that prompted the species to be reclassified as the only species of the new genus Goronyosaurus in 1972. These unique adaptations have made Goronyosaurus notoriously difficult to classify within the Mosasauridae and it is often left out of phylogenetic analyses, although most authors agree that Goronyosaurus belonged to Mosasauridae.

<i>Angolasaurus</i> Extinct genus of lizards

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Eremiasaurus is a genus of mosasaurs, an extinct group of marine reptiles. It lived during the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now North Africa. Only one species is known, E. heterodontus, described in 2012 from two remarkably complete fossil specimens discovered in the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco. This site is known to have delivered a significant number of other related mosasaurs.

<i>Pannoniasaurus</i> Extinct genus of lizards

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<i>Canardia</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ouled Abdoun Basin</span> Phosphate basin in Morocco

The Oulad Abdoun Basin is a phosphate sedimentary basin located in Morocco, near the city of Khouribga. It is the largest in Morocco, comprising 44% of Morocco's phosphate reserves, and at least 26.8 billion tons of phosphate. It is also known as an important site for vertebrate fossils, with deposits ranging from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) to the Eocene epoch (Ypresian), a period of about 25 million years.

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<i>Thalassotitan</i> Large bodied African mosasaur

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<i>Stelladens</i> Extinct genus of mosasaurine

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Longrich, Nicholas R.; Polcyn, Michael J.; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier; Bardet, Nathalie (2024-03-01). "A bizarre new plioplatecarpine mosasaurid from the Maastrichtian of Morocco". Cretaceous Research : 105870. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105870. ISSN   0195-6671.
  2. Strong, Catherine R. C.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Konishi, Takuya; Palci, Alessandro (2020-11-01). "A new species of longirostrine plioplatecarpine mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco, with a re-evaluation of the problematic taxon 'Platecarpus'ptychodon". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 18 (21): 1769–1804. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18.1769S. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1818322. ISSN   1477-2019.