Ouled Abdoun Basin

Last updated
Ouled Abdoun Basin
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian-Ypresian
~70.6–47.8  Ma
Ocepechelon bouyai geography stratigraphy.png
The Oulad Abdoun and other major phosphate basins (in yellow) of Morocco
Type Geological formation
Unit of Sedimentary Basins
Lithology
Primary Phosphorite
Other Clay, Limestone, Sandstone
Location
Coordinates 32°53′N6°55′W / 32.883°N 6.917°W / 32.883; -6.917
Approximate paleocoordinates 24°2′N6°8′W / 24.033°N 6.133°W / 24.033; -6.133
Region Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Khouribga
CountryFlag of Morocco.svg Morocco
Morocco relief location map.jpg
Green-orange pog.svg
Ouled Abdoun Basin (Morocco)

The Oulad Abdoun Basin (also known as the Ouled Abdoun Basin or Khouribga Basin) is a phosphate sedimentary basin located in Morocco, near the city of Khouribga. It is the largest in Morocco, comprising 44% of Morocco's phosphate reserves, and at least 26.8 billion tons of phosphate. [1] [2] It is also known as an important site for vertebrate fossils, with deposits ranging from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to the Eocene epoch (Ypresian), a period of about 25 million years. [3]

Contents

Geography

The Oulad Abdoun is located west of the Atlas Mountains, near the city of Khouribga. The Oulad Abdoun phosphate deposits encompass some 100 by 45 kilometres (62 by 28 mi), an area of 4,500 square kilometres (1,700 sq mi). [2] The Oulad Abdoun is the largest and northernmost of Morocco's major phosphate basins, which from northeast to southwest, include the Ganntour, Meskala, and Oued Eddahab (Laayoune-Baa) basins. [1] [2]

Paleobiota

Chase on the beach.jpg
Ouled Abdoun Basin.png
Life restoration of Ouled Abdoun Basin paleoenvironments during the late Cretaceous: dinosaurs of Sidi Chennae (left) and numerous aquatic animals of Sidi Daoui (right).
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

The Oulad Abdoun Basin stretches from the late Cretaceous to the Eocene and contains abundant marine vertebrate fossils, including sharks, bony fish, turtles, crocodilians, and other reptiles, as well as sea birds and a small number of terrestrial mammals. [3] [4]

Molluscs

Mollusca from the Khouribga Phosphates [5]
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Cucullaea (Idonearca)C. (I.) thevestensisA false ark shell.
HeligmopsisH. wegmanianusMaastrichtianA feather oyster also present in Ganntour basin.
VenericardiaV. coquandiDanianA carditid clam also present in Ganntour basin.
Baculites B. sp.MaastrichtianA straight-shelled ammonite, also present in Ganntour basin.
CimomiaC. aff. sudanensisYpresianA nautiloid also present in Ganntour basin.
AmpullinopsisA. crassatinaAn ampullinid gastropod.
HemithersiteaH. choubertiLutetianA thersiteid gastropod.

Fish

Bony fish

Bony fish from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Acipenseridae [6] IndeterminateMaastrichtianFirst record of a sturgeon on the continent of Africa.
Enchodus E. libycusMaastrichtianAn enchodontid aulopiform. Enchodus petrosus.jpg
E. bursauxiMaastrichtian
E. elegansMaastrichtian
Eoserrasalmimus [7] E. cattoiMaastrichtianA pycnodontiform.
Mawsoniidae [8] IndeterminateMaastrichtianA giant mawsoniid coelacanth measuring 3.65–5.52 metres (12.0–18.1 ft) long.
Phacodus [9] P. punctatus var. africanusMaastrichtianA pycnodontiform.
Plethodidae [10] IndeterminateMaastrichtianYoungest occurrence of plethodid fish.
Pycnodontidae IndeterminateMaastrichtian
Pseudoegertonia P. sp.Maastrichtian
Serrasalmimus [7] S. secansThanetianA carnivorous pycnodontiform.
Stephanodus S. libycusMaastrichtian
Stratodus S. apicalisMaastrichtianAn alepisauroform. Stratodus DB12.jpg
Macroprosopon M. hiltoni [11] YpresianA marine osteoglossid.

Sharks

Sharks from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Abdounia [12] A. africanaSelandianA requiem shark.
Brachycarcharias B. atlasi [11] Ypresian
Casieria C. maghrebianaSelandian
Chiloscyllium C. salvani.SelandianA carpet shark.
Cretalamna C. appendiculataMaastrichtian LACM 128126 - Dentiton.png
C. maroccanaMaastrichtian
Delpitoscyllium D. africanumSelandian
Eostegostoma E. sp.SelandianA carpet shark.
Foumtizia F. abdouniSelandian
Galeorhinus G. mesetaensisSelandian
Ginglymostoma G. chenaneiSelandian
G. khouribgaenseSelandian
Hologinglymostoma H. jaegeriSelandian
Khouribgaleus K. gomphorhizaSelandian
Metlaouia M. delpitiSelandian
Microscyliorhinus M. simplexSelandian
Palaeogaleus P. laracheiSelandian
Palaeorhincodon P. daouiiSelandianA carpet shark.
Porodermoides P. spaniosSelandian
Premontreia P. peypouquetiSelandian
P. subulidensSelandian
Scyliorhinus S. ptychtusSelandian
S. entomodonSelandian
S. sulcidensSelandian
Serratolamna S. serrataMaastrichtian Cretoxyrhinidae - Serratolamns gasfana.JPG
S. khderiiMaastrichtian
Squalicorax S. pristodontusMaastrichtian Squalicorax2DB.jpg
S. bassaniiMaastrichtian
S. africanusMaastrichtian
S. microserratusMaastrichtian
S. benguerirensisMaastrichtian
Triakis T. antunesiSelandian

Other cartilaginous fish

Other cartilaginous fish from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Archaemanta A. priemiSelandianA ray.
Burnhamia B. cf. davisiSelandianA devil ray
Coupatezia C. lariveiSelandianA ray.
C. fallaxMaastrichtian
C. elevataMaastrichtian
Dasyatis D. ponsiSelandianA stingray. An indeterminate species found in Maastrichtian deposits of Ganntour Basin.
Delpitia D. reticulataSelandianA ray.
Gymnura G. delpitiSelandianA ray. Gymnura micrura .jpg
Heterobatis H. talbaouiiSelandianA ray.
Heterotorpedo H. brahimiSelandianA ray.
Hypolophodon H. sp.SelandianA ray.
Rhombodus R. binkhorstiMaastrichtianA ray. Rhombodontidae - Rhombodus meridionalis.JPG
R. microdusMaastrichtian
R. meridionalisMaastrichtian
Schizorhiza S. stromeriMaastrichtianA sclerorhynchoid skate which resembled a sawfish. Schizorhiza restoration.png

Dinosaurs

Late Maastrichtian dinosaurs of Ouled Abdoun Basin, including Minqaria, Ajnabia, Chenanisaurus, and several unnamed specimens Late Maastrichtian dinosaurs from the Moroccan Phosphates.png
Late Maastrichtian dinosaurs of Ouled Abdoun Basin, including Minqaria, Ajnabia, Chenanisaurus, and several unnamed specimens

Ornithischians

Ornithischians from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Ajnabia [13] A. odysseus
  • Office Cherifien des Phosphates mines at Sidi Chennane
Maastrichtian
  • partial left maxilla with teeth
  • fragments of right maxilla
  • partial right dentary
A small lambeosaurine hadrosaur; the first known from Africa Life reconstruction of Ajnabia odysseus.png
Lambeosaurinae [14] Indeterminate
  • Mrah Lahrach
Maastrichtian
  • right femur
A lambeosaurine larger than Ajnabia and Minqaria Lambeosaurinae indet. (right femur).png
Lambeosaurinae [14] Indeterminate
  • Sidi Daoui
Maastrichtian
  • left humerus
A lambeosaurine larger than Ajnabia and Minqaria Lambeosaurinae indet. (left humerus).png
Minqaria [14] M. bata
  • Sidi Chennane
Maastrichtian
  • right maxilla
  • left dentary
  • braincase
A lambeosaurine hadrosaur Minqaria bata.png
Taleta [15] T. Taleta
  • Sidi Chennane
Maastrichtian
  • partial left and right maxilla with teeth
A lambeosaurine hadrosaur Taleta taleta.png

Sauropods

Sauropods from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Titanosauria [16] IndeterminateMaastrichtian
  • right femur, tibia, and fibula
  • undescribed material
A new titanosaurian taxon, currently unnamed.

Theropods

Abelisaurs
Abelisaurs from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Abelisauridae [18] Indeterminate
  • Sidi Chennane
Maastrichtianright tibiaProbably distinct from Chenanisaurus due to its smaller size (about 5 m (16 ft) long) despite being mature. Similar to South American abelisaurids. Possibly a member of Furileusauria. [19]
Chenanisaurus Chenanisaurus barbaricus.jpg
Chenanisaurus
Abelisauridae [18] Indeterminate
  • Sidi Daoui
Maastrichtianright metatarsal IIA mature specimen but very small for an abelisaurid, about 2.6 m (8.5 ft) long
Chenanisaurus [16] C. barbaricus
  • Sidi Chennane
  • Sidi Daoui
Maastrichtian
  • anterior end of left dentary
  • 2 premaxillary teeth
  • a maxillary tooth
A large abelisaurid theropod.
Birds

Bird fossils are common in the Basin, which includes the oldest birds in Africa. [4] At least three orders and several families of sea birds are represented, including Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels, fossils assignable to Diomedeidae and Procellariidae), Pelecaniformes (pelicans and allies, fossils assignable to Phaethontidae, Prophaethontidae, Fregatidae and Pelagornithidae), and Anseriformes (waterfowl, including fossil Presbyornithidae). [4]

Birds from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Dasornis [20] D. abdounSidi DaouiYpresianA holotype specimens consists of carpometacarpus, ulna, radius, tibiotarsus, and humerus.A pelagornithid, or pseudotooth bird. Dasornis emuinus 1.jpg
D. emuinusSidi DaouiYpresianA partial skeleton with incomplete cranium.
D. tolapicaSelandianA parital skeleton.
Lithoptila [21] L. abdounensisSidi DaouiThanetianA neurocranium.A seabird related to modern tropicbirds.

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Alcione A. elainus [22] Sidi DaouiMaastrichtianA nyctosaurid which shows possible adaptations towards diving behaviour. Alcione right humerus.PNG
Barbaridactylus B. grandis [22] Sidi DaouiMaastrichtianA nyctosaurid. Barbaridactylus Humerus - Longrich et al 2018.PNG
Simurghia S. robusta [22] Sidi DaouiMaastrichtianA nyctosaurid related to Alcione.
Phosphatodraco P. mauritanicus [23] Sidi DaouiMaastrichtianAn azhdarchid. Phosphatodraco.jpg
cf Arambourgiania [22] A. sp?Sidi ChennaneMaastrichtianA giant azhdarchid, may belong to the Jordanian taxon Arambourgiania. Arambourgiania philadelphiae.png
aff. Quetzalcoatlus [22] indet.Maastrichtian
Tethydraco T. regalis [22] Sidi DaouiMaastrichtianA pterosaur of debated affinity; may be an azhdarchid [24] or a pteranodontid. [22] Tethydraco hindlimb elements.PNG

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Arambourgisuchus [25] A. khouribgaensisThanetianA dyrosaurid. Arambourgisuchus.jpg
Atlantosuchus A. coupateziDanianA dyrosaurid.
Chenanisuchus C. lateroculiThanetianThe most basal known dyrosaurid. Chenanisuchus BW.jpg
Dyrosaurus D. maghribensisYpresianA dyrosaur. Dyrosaurus mount (retouched in the background).jpg
Maroccosuchus [26] M. zennaroiYpresianA tomistomine crocodylian.
Ocepesuchus [27] O. eoafricanusMaastrichtianA gavialoid crocodylian.

Squamates

Mosasaurs

The late Maastrichtian deposits of the Khouribga Phosphates preserve abundant mosasaur fossils, especially isolated teeth. At least fifteen species are represented, covering the majority of ecological niches the group is known to have occupied. [28] The Ouled Abdoun Basin is one of the richest known mosasaur fossil sites in the world. [28]

Mosasaurs from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Carinodens [29] [28] C. acrodonMaastrichtianA small mosasaurine mosasaur with crushing teeth. [30] Fossils of all reported Carinodens species are very rare in Khouribga. [30] The dentition differs slightly between species, suggesting marginally different diets. [30] More fossil material is required to determine if both C. minalmamar and C. belgicus are present in the Khouribga Phosphates, as the present material is difficult to differentiate. [28] Carinodens dentaries - Longrich etal 2024.png
C. belgicus
C. minalmamar
Eremiasaurus E. heterodontusMaastrichtian
  • Partial and subcomplete skeletons [30]
  • Isolated teeth [30]
A mosasaurine mosasaur with unusually heterodont teeth, including straight and conical anterior teeth, blade-like median teeth, and recurved posterior teeth. [30] A medium-sized (4.5–5 metres) predator and one of the more commonly found fossil mosasaurs in the Khouribga Phosphates. [30] Eremiasaurus SW.png
Gavialimimus [31] G. almaghribensisMaastrichtian
  • A complete skull [30]
  • Isolated teeth [30]
An unusual longirostrine plioplatecarpine mosasaur, measuring about 6 metres long. [30] Fossils of G. almaghribensis are very common in the Khouribga Phosphates. [30] Bian Zhang Cang Long Tou Gu .jpg
Globidens G. phosphaticusMaastrichtian
  • Isolated teeth [30]
A durophagous mosasaurine mosasaur with specialized crushing teeth. [30] G. phosphaticus is known from Morocco only in the form of isolated teeth but more complete material from the species is known from Angola. [30] G. phosphaticus and G. simplex were of similar size but had slightly different teeth, suggesting marginally different diets. [30] GlobidensDB2.jpg
G. simplexMaastrichtian
  • A partial skull [30]
  • Isolated teeth [30]
Halisaurus H. arambourgiMaastrichtian
  • Several skeletons [30]
  • Isolated teeth [30]
A halisaurine mosasaur, measuring about 3–4 metres long. [30] One of the most commonly found mosasaurs in Morocco. [30] Halisaurus arambourgi.jpg
Igdamanosaurus I. aegyptiacusMaastrichtian"Globidens aegyptiacus" was previously reported as present in the Khouribga Phosphates on the basis of isolated teeth. G. aegyptiacus was reclassified as Igdamanosaurus aegyptiacus in 1991 and differs from the globidensin material known from Morocco. [32] Moroccan fossils previously referred to G. aegyptiacus are now referred to G. phosphaticus. [32]
Khinjaria [33] K. acuta
  • Sidi Chennane
Maastrichtian
  • A partial skull and vertebra [33]
A plioplatecarpine mosasaur, known only from a single specimen. [30] Khinjaria possessed a unique skull and teeth morphology and might have been an ambush predator. [30]
Liodon L. ancepsMaastrichtian"Mosasaurus (Leiodon) cf. anceps" was reported as present in Khouribga by Camille Arambourg (1952) based on isolated teeth. [34] Liodon anceps is now considered a nomen dubium. [30] Teeth previously referred to Liodon likely belong to Eremiasaurus heterodontus (small and slender specimens) and Thalassotitan atrox (other specimens). [30]
Mosasaurus M. beaugeiMaastrichtian
  • Skulls and mandibles [30]
  • Isolated teeth [30]
A large mosasaurine mosasaur, measuring about 8–10 metres long. [30] Relatively scarce compared to other mosasaurs of comparable size. Likely a local apex predator. [30] Mosasaurus beaugei1DB.jpg
Platecarpus P. ptychodonMaastrichtian
  • Isolated teeth and vertebrae [30]
Platecarpus ptychodon is known only from isolated material. The fossils referred to P. ptychodon are treated either as non-diagnostic (in which case P. ptychodon is a nomen dubium ) or as belonging to Gavialimimus almaghribensis (in which case G. almaghribensis is considered a junior synonym of the new combination Gavialimimus ptychodon). [30] Platecarpus1DB.jpg
Pluridens [35] P. serpentisMaastrichtian
  • Complete skulls with associated vertebrae [30]
  • Isolated teeth [30]
A large halisaurine mosasaur, also known from Niger and Nigeria. Measured about 5–6 metres long. [30] Pluridens is relatively uncommon in Morocco and distinguished from the closely related Halisaurus based on features in the skull and its larger size. [30] The teeth of Pluridens are identical to those of Halisaurus, only larger, and the two are thus difficult to differentiate in samples of isolated teeth. [30] Pluridens serpentis skull by Nick Longrich.jpg
Prognathodon P. curriiMaastrichtian
  • Isolated teeth [30]
A large mosasaurine mosasaur. Prognathodon curii is known in Morocco only from isolated teeth and is comparably rare, with only about a dozen teeth identified. [30] The related species Prognathodon giganteus is also known from Morocco, though only from earlier lower Maastrichtian deposits in the Gantour Basin to the southwest of the Ouled Abdoun Basin. [30] [34] Prognath waipar2DB.jpg
Stelladens [36] S. mysteriosusMaastrichtian
  • A dentary fragment [30]
  • Isolated teeth [30]
A medium-sized mosasaurine with distinct, unique teeth structure with prominent serrated ridges. [30] Stelladens is a very scarce taxon in the Khouribga Phosphates. [30] Stelladens would have measured about 5 metres long and was probably a highly specialized predator. [30] Stelladens teeth - Longrich et al 2023.png
Thalassotitan [37] T. atroxMaastrichtian
  • Several skeletons [30]
  • Isolated teeth [30]
A large-bodied mosasaurine with powerful jaws and massive teeth, closely related to Prognathodon. [30] Fossils of Thalassotitan are comparably very common and it likely represented the largest local apex predator. [30] Fossils now referred to Thalassotitan were before its description often referred to as "Prognathodon nov. sp." [30] Thalassotitan atrox MP.png
Tylosaurinae indet.Maastrichtian
  • Undescribed material
Tylosaurine mosasaur teeth and jaw fragments from the Khouribga Phosphates were described as " Hainosaurus boubker " in 2022. [38] The description was published by a known predatory journal, Scientific Research Publishing and is thus not valid. [39] [40] Bardet et al. (2025) later considered the material to likely be tylosaurine due to the presence of known tylosaurine synapomorphies in the fossils but noted that the referral of Moroccan isolated teeth to Tylosaurinae is questionable. [30]
Xenodens [41] X. calminechariMaastrichtian
  • A single maxilla with four teeth [30]
A small mosasaurine mosasaur with unusual, shark-like teeth. [30] The holotype and only known specimen of Xenodons was determined to potentially be a forged specimen in 2024, the teeth having been fused to the (possibly unrelated) maxilla with adhesive. [42] The specimen is thus considered potentially chimeric and Xenodens is designated as a nomen dubium . [42] Sharpe et al. (2024) determined that the maxilla (if separate) is a non-diagnostic mosasaur fossil and that the teeth may belong to an immature mosasaur of another taxon, possibly Carinodens. [42] Xenodens calminechari holotype prepared by Nick Longrich.jpg

Snakes

Snakes from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Palaeophis [43] P. maghrebianusMaastrichtian?–YpresianMultiple fossilized vertebrae.A palaeophiid marine snake. Palaeophis maghrebianus life restoration.jpg

Varanoids

Varanoids from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Pachyvaranus P. crassispondylusMaastrichtian
  • Vertebrae and ribs [44]
A near-shore marine lizard. [44] Originally described based only on a small number of isolated vertebrae. Discovery of further vertebrae and ribs in Morocco and Syria allowed in 2011 for classification in the Varanoidea, in a new family Pachyvaranidae. [44] Osteoderms were originally referred to this taxon but likely come from fish instead, perhaps Stratodus . [44]

Plesiosaurs

Plesiosaur material found in the Ouled Abdoun Basin has been referred to one valid species, Zarafasaura oceanis. Isolated elasmosaurid fossils may all belong to this species but comparison is difficult. [45] [46]

Plesiosaurs from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Elasmosauridae indet.Sidi DaouiMaastrichtian
  • Articulated and isolated vertebrae [46]
  • Pelvic elements [46]
Elasmosaurid fossils without cranial elements. Could represent the same taxon as Zarafasaura oceanis but comparison impossible at the time of discovery due to no overlap in the fossil material. [46] Comparison may be possible after the discovery of postcranial Zarafasaura elements in 2013. [45]
Plesiosaurus P. mauritanicusMaastrichtian
  • Isolated teeth and vertebrae [45]
Named by Camille Arambourg (1952) based on isolated fossils. Plesiosaurus mauritanicus is regarded as a nomen dubium since the fossils are non-diagnostic beyond being elasmosaurid, and because the holotype and paratypes are from different individuals found at different localities. [45] Potentially the same taxon as Zarafasaura oceanis. [45]
Zarafasaura Z. oceanisSidi DaouiMaastrichtian
  • Holotype specimen, a crushed skull and partial mandible [45]
  • Paratype specimen, complete skull with many postcranial elements [45]
A relatively small elasmosaurid plesiosaur, closely related to plesiosaurs known from North America and Japan. [47] Zarafasaura oceanis.png

Turtles

Turtles from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Alienochelys [48] A. selloumiSidi DaouiMaastrichtianA sea turtle with crushing jaws. Alienochelys skull.jpg
Araiochelys [49] A. hirayamaiSidi DaouiMaastrichtianA skull, lower jaws, partial disarticulated shell, including a few carapace fragments (left first and fifth costals, left third, seventh, and eighth peripherals and other fragments), nearly complete plastron and limb bones.A bothremydid pleurodiran turtle.
Argillochelys [50] A. africanaYpresianA pancheloniid sea turtle. Sheppey turtles.jpg
Bothremys [49] B. kellyiDanian-ThanetianA bothremydid pleurodiran turtle.
B. maghrebiana
Brachyopsemys B. tingitanaDanianA sandownid sea turtle
Euclastes E. acutirostrisDanian-ThanetianA pancheloniid sea turtle. An indeterminate species also present in the Maastrichtian deposits of Ganntour Basin. [51] Euclastes sp.jpg
E. wielandiDanian
Labrostochelys [49] L. galkiniOued ZemDanianA nearly complete skull.A bothremydid pleurodiran turtle
Ocepechelon [52] O. bouyaiSidi ChennaneMaastrichtianA complete but isolated 70-cm-long skull.A giant protostegid sea turtle with an unusual pipette-like snout. Ocepechelon bouyai skull lat.png
Puppigerus P. camperiYpresianA Pancheloniid sea turtle. Puppigerus camperi .jpg
Rhothonemys [49] R. brinkmaniDanianA bothremydid pleurodiran turtle.
Tasbacka T. ouledabdounensisDanianA Cheloniidae sea turtle. Tasbacka danica.JPG
Taphrosphys T. ippolitoiDanianA bothremydid pleurodiran turtle.
Ummulisani U. rutgersensisMrah IareshYpresianA skull without a palate.A bothremydid pleurodiran turtle.

Mammals

Afrotheres

Afrotheres from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Abdounodus [53] A. hamdiiThanetian-YpresianA lower jaw.An early afrotherian mammal. Abdounodus hamdii left dentary.jpg
Daouitherium [54] D. rebouliYpresianlower jaws and associated cheek teethAn early proboscidean. Daouitherium.png
Eritherium [55] E. azzouzorumSidi ChennaneThanetianAn upper jaw (with approaches of the zygomatic bone and two maxillary branches, each of the two posterior premolars (P3 and 4) and three molars (M1-3))An early proboscidean.
Hadrogeneios [56] H. phosphaticusSelandian-ThanetianA mandibular symphysis with some partial left dentary, two sockets for the incisors, the first lower canine, and the first to third premolarsAn early afrotherian mammal.
Ocepeia [53] O. daouiensisGrand Daoui, Meraa El Arech, and Sidi ChennaneSelandianPartial skull consists of an upper jaw and dental fragmentsAn early afrotherian mammal. Ocepeia head restoration PLoS ONE.png

Ocepeia grandis PM66 dentary2.png

O. grandisThanetianLower jaw and teeth.
Phosphatherium P. escuillieiSelandianAn early proboscidean. Phosphatherium - head restoration.tif
Stylolophus [57] S. minorYpresianAn embrithopod.
S. majorYpresian

Hyaenodonts

Hyaenodonts from the Khouribga Phosphates
GenusSpeciesLocationTimeMaterialNotesImages
Boualitomus B. marocanensisSelandianA hyaenodont.
Lahimia [58] L. selloumiSelandianA hyaenodont.

See also

References

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