Killings of Kian delos Santos, Carl Arnaiz and Reynaldo de Guzman

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Killings of Kian delos Santos, Carl Arnaiz and Reynaldo de Guzman
Part of the Philippine drug war
Kian-carl-reynaldo.jpg
Left to right: Delos Santos, Arnaiz and de Guzman
DateAugust 16–18, 2017 [1]
Typedelos Santos and Arnaiz: Shooting
de Guzman: Stabbing
Filmed byCCTV camera owned by Barangay 160, Caloocan (partial footage, delos Santos)
ParticipantsDelos Santos:
Chief Inspector Amor Cerillo [2]
Police Officer (PO) 3 Arnel Oares [2]
PO1 Jerwin Cruz [2]
PO1 Jeremias Pereda [2]
Arnaiz and de Guzman: PO1 Jefrey Perez [3]
Ricky Arquilita [3]
OutcomeProtests in Metro Manila in 21 August 2017
DeathsKian Loyd D. delos Santos
Carl Arnaiz
Reynaldo de Guzman
ChargesMurder [2]
Torture [2]
VerdictGuilty (Perez)

Kian delos Santos, Carl Arnaiz and Reynaldo de Guzman were three teenagers who were killed on August 16 to 18, 2017, during the course of the Philippine drug war.

Contents

On the evening of August 16, 2017, a 17-year-old Filipino student named Kian Loyd delos Santos was fatally shot by police officers conducting an anti-drug operation in Caloocan, Metro Manila. The case became controversial when the official police reports differed from witness accounts and CCTV footage. [4] [5] [6]

Two days after the killing of delos Santos, Arnaiz and de Guzman went missing from their Cainta, Rizal, residence. Their bodies were later found with Arnaiz reported to have been shot dead by police while de Guzman was stabbed 30 times and found in a creek in Gapan, Nueva Ecija. [7]

Background

Philippine drug war

In accordance with his campaign promise, President Rodrigo Duterte initiated the war on drugs shortly after he took office on June 30, 2016. [8] [9] As of July 26, 2017, the Philippine Information Agency reported 68,000 anti-drug operations which resulted in around 97,000 arrests, 1.3 million surrenders, and around 3,500 drug personalities killed in legitimate police operations. [10] Thousands of others have been killed by vigilantes, which the police have categorized as "deaths under investigation." [11] The night of August 14–15, just prior to Delos Santos's death, was the "bloodiest night" in the Philippine drug war, where dozens of police operations resulted in 32 drug suspects killed and more than 100 arrested in the province of Bulacan. [12] [13] [14]

Kian Loyd delos Santos

Kian Loyd delos Santos
Born
Kian Loyd D. delos Santos

(2000-05-26)May 26, 2000
DiedAugust 16, 2017(2017-08-16) (aged 17)
Barangay 160, Caloocan, Metro Manila, Philippines
Cause of deathGunshot wound to the head
Resting place La Loma Cemetery, Caloocan
EducationOur Lady of Lourdes College, Valenzuela
OccupationSenior high school student

Kian Loyd D. delos Santos (May 26, 2000 – August 16, 2017) [15] was 17 years old at the time of his death and was a resident of Barangay 160, Caloocan. [4] [6] [16] [17] [18] Delos Santos was the third of four siblings. [19] His mother, Lorenza, worked as a domestic helper in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, while his father, Saldy, [n 1] operated a sari-sari store that Kian minded from 5:30 a.m. to 12:00 noon every day before he went to school. [5] [16] [17] [19] [20] After closing the store at night, he would usually walk around the block for some small talk with neighborhood friends. [5] At the time of his death, he was a grade 11 (senior high school) student at Our Lady of Lourdes College in Valenzuela. [17] His high school principal stated that Delos Santos was never summoned to his office for any delinquency or misconduct. According to a classmate and close friend of his, Delos Santos wanted to become a cadet of the Philippine National Police Academy. [21] Delos Santos was also in favor of the government's war on drugs, according to another classmate. [22]

Both Senior Superintendent Chito Bersaluna, the police chief of Caloocan, and Chief Inspector Amor Cerillo, the commander of the local Police Community Precinct, have separately admitted that Delos Santos was not on their police watch list. However, they believed that he was a drug runner "based on a statement of another arrested drug suspect." [4] [19] The officials of Barangay 160, Caloocan also confirmed that Delos Santos was not on their drugs watch list. [23]

On August 26, 2017, a Catholic funeral Mass for Delos Santos was held at 8 a.m., at a parish in Sta. Quiteria, Caloocan; it was attended by his family and friends, and hundreds of other people, including human rights advocates. At around 2 p.m., Delos Santos was interred at La Loma Cemetery. [27]

Incident

Barangay 160, Caloocan (in 2016), where the victim lived 02340jfBarangays Baesa Landmarks Roads Caloocan Cityfvf 06.jpg
Barangay 160, Caloocan (in 2016), where the victim lived

At around 8:00 p.m PST on August 16, 2017, officers of the Philippine National Police (PNP) led by PO3 Arnel Oares, were conducting a "one-time, big-time" anti-illegal drugs operation in Barangay 160, Caloocan where Delos Santos lived. [4] [19] During the anti-drug operation, Delos Santos went missing for almost an hour, which prompted his family to look for him at the nearest police station but failed to find him there. Several gunshots were then heard. [28]

At 8:57 p.m., C/Insp. Amor Cerillo and another police officer, both in plainclothes, arrived at the hall of Barangay 160 to report a supposed shootout. In a muddy and dark alley near his house, which was the site of the alleged encounter, Delos Santos was found in fetal position with gunshot wounds to his head. Recovered from his corpse were a .45-caliber pistol, four cartridges, and two sachets of suspected methamphetamine. [4] [19] [29]

Police report

According to the official police report, at around 8:45 p.m, Delos Santos tried to flee when he noticed the police officers approaching him. He then drew his gun and "directly shot" towards the police, which prompted PO3 Arnel Oares to fire back in self-defense, killing Delos Santos. The pistol, cartridges, and two sachets of methamphetamine were then found in Delos Santos's possession. [4] [6] [16] [29] [30]

According to Cerillo and Bersaluna, a drug dealer that they earlier arrested claimed that Delos Santos was the mule of "Neneng" Escopino, a local drug dealer on the police watch list. [19] [31]

Witness accounts and CCTV footage

Witnesses claim that Delos Santos was just loitering near his house at around 8:00 p.m., when two unidentified men grabbed him and led him away. [19] The barangay's CCTV footage of the incident shows that at 8:24 p.m., a young man believed to be Delos Santos was being dragged by two men in plainclothes towards the area where his corpse would be later found. The video also showed a third man that headed towards the same direction. [4] [16] [29]

Cerillo confirmed that the two men in the video were plainclothes police officers. He also clarified that the person being dragged was not Delos Santos, but rather a police asset. [19] Bersaluna and Cirillo also clarified that police officers are not required to wear their uniforms during anti-illegal drugs operations. [4] [19]

Two witnesses who approached Dominic Almelor of ABS-CBN News claimed that Delos Santos was blindfolded by the two men and forced to hold a gun, fire it, and run. [29] Another witness who approached Saleema Refran of GMA News claimed that Delos Santos begged for his life before getting shot. Afterwards, the shooters approached the witness and asked him if he knew the victim, which he denied. The witness later confirmed that the men who were filmed inside the barangay hall reporting the alleged shootout were the same men who shot Delos Santos. [32]

A 13-year-old witness interviewed by The Manila Bulletin claimed that she saw Delos Santos being punched and slapped by four armed plainclothes officers before he was dragged away. [33]

Delos Santos's uncle, Randy, questioned the police claim that the victim had a concealed firearm, since his nephew was wearing boxers at that time. [4] Delos Santos's father, Saldy, also pointed out that the pistol was recovered from the left hand of his otherwise right-handed son. [16]

Reactions

Public response and protests

Many Filipino netizens expressed outrage over Delos Santos's death. Both the hashtag #JusticeforKian and the phrase "Kian delos Santos" were among the top Philippine trends on Twitter on August 18. [34] A rally titled Himagsikan para kay Kian ("Revolution for Kian") took place on August 21 (Ninoy Aquino Day) at the People Power Monument in Quezon City. [35] [36] Among the groups present were Akbayan, Alliance of Progressive Labor, Alyansa Tigil Mina, Sentro, Partido ng Manggagawa, Kalipunan ng Kilusang Masa, Block Marcos, Silent Minorities, and Kalipun. [37] Senator Bam Aquino, former Bayan Muna Representative Teddy Casiño, and former Education Secretary Armin Luistro were also present. [38] A moment of silence was held at 8:24 p.m., the same time Delos Santos was allegedly filmed being dragged by police officers on August 16. The protesters—numbering from 500 to 1,000—also called for the investigation of other drug war killings. [37] [38] [39]

Earlier that same day, the Liberal Party Youth, with the support of other groups, also held a rally at Plaza Miranda in Manila, denouncing Delos Santos's killing. The rally also commemorated the 1971 Plaza Miranda bombing and the 1983 Assassination of Senator Ninoy Aquino. [40] [41] [42]

Public figures

During a press briefing on August 18, Presidential Spokesperson Ernesto Abella called the shooting of Delos Santos an "isolated" incident, and added "[President Duterte] will defend the police in their carrying out of duties. However, he will also not tolerate any abuse and any breaches of the law." [43] [44] [45] On August 19, in an interview with Radyo Pilipinas, Assistant to the Presidential Spokesperson China Jocson stated: "Presidential Spokesperson Ernesto Abella would like to make it clear that the violent death of any Filipino is one death too many, especially that of Kian Loyd delos Santos. This deeply regrettable incident has triggered deep public sentiment, and challenges those in law enforcement to be wary of the reckless exercise of power and authority." [46] [47] Also on the same day, the Department of Education released a statement saying it "strongly condemns" the killing of grade 11 student Kian Delos Santos and that while it acknowledged "efforts to battle illegal drugs," it maintained that "upholding the rule of law should not be compromised." The agency also said that it "denounces all forms of violence against our students, teachers, and personnel." [15] [48] Also on August 19, during an emergency peace and order council meeting, Caloocan Mayor Oscar Malapitan said "It seems hard to believe that a 17-year-old would shoot it out with three police officers" and added: "even if Kian were indeed a drug pusher, he shouldn't have been killed unless the cops were only defending themselves. The public perception is that the cops killed Kian when he was obviously helpless." [49]

Senator Risa Hontiveros was among the first public figures to condemn the murder of Kian delos Santos. She was one of the main initiators of a Senate investigation against the police personnel that killed Delos Santos. She also took legal custody of the witnesses of the case, with proper written consent from the minor and their parents, after fears of police retaliation against the witness surfaced. [50] During the Senate investigation, Hontiveros caught Duterte's justice secretary, Vitaliano Aguirre II, drafting fabricated charges against her through text messages during the hearings. Aguirre's text messages instructed former Negros Oriental representative Jacinto Paras, a member of controversial group VACC, to "expedite" cases against Hontiveros, the lead investigator against the murderers of Kian delos Santos. The revelation triggered nationwide protests against Duterte's justice secretary for focusing on how to imprison Hontiveros instead of focusing on the murder case. [51] [52] On August 16, 2018, a year after the murder, Hontiveros filed a resolution seeking to declare every 16 August as a "National Day of Remembrance" for all the victims of extrajudicial killings (EJKs) under the Duterte government's war on drugs in commemoration of Kian delos Santos. [53]

Arrested senator Leila de Lima, a key figure against the Philippine Drug War, also condemned the murder of Kian delos Santos. She asked the Supreme Court of the Philippines to allow her to be present at the Senate investigation against the murderers of Kian, [54] however, the court rejected her request. [55] She criticized President Duterte after Duterte commented that the drug sweep was "good." [55]

Senator JV Ejercito, through a series of tweets, described the incident as "very very disturbing," pointing out that Delos Santos was the same age as his eldest son. [56] [57] He recommended that the police officers involved should all be legally prosecuted. Senator Joel Villanueva called it the "breakdown of our humanity, with people cheering the killings of individuals who have not been proven guilty" [58] and added that "we cannot allow lawlessness in this country." [59] In a statement, Senator Francis Escudero described the police officers involved as "killers and criminals." While Senator Sonny Angara called for the reform of the justice system and decried vigilante justice and killings. [60] In a statement, National Youth Commission chairperson Aiza Seguerra said: "We want to curb the drug menace; however, we are alarmed by the deaths and injury of minors in the process." [61] Senators Antonio Trillanes, Win Gatchalian, and Loren Legarda also condemned the shooting of Delos Santos. Meanwhile, Senator Panfilo Lacson, a former police director general, insinuated that the PNP would cover up the incident. [62] [63]

On August 20, Vice President Leni Robredo visited the wake of Delos Santos and inspected the site of the shooting. On her weekly radio show on DZXL, Robredo condemned the shooting, saying: "kung nangyari sa kanya, puwedeng mangyari sa mga anak natin (if it happened to him, it could also happen to our children)" and later added "[I]lan na ba iyong Kian na dumaan? Ilan pa ba iyong Kian na mangyayari? Kaya tayo naman, kapag ganito, tingin ko obligasyon natin ipahayag iyong ating pagkamuhi sa ganitong klaseng pangyayari (How many Kians have we had? How many more Kians will follow? That's why when this happens, I think it is our obligation to express our condemnation)." During the visit, Robredo was accompanied by human rights lawyer Jose Manuel Diokno of the Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG), who offered his legal services to the Delos Santos family. [20] [64] [65] [66] [67] Other politicians who visited the wake include Senators Bam Aquino, Risa Hontiveros, and Antonio Trillanes, Kabataan Partylist representative Sarah Elago, Caloocan Mayor Oscar Malapitan, and former Vice President Jejomar Binay. [22] [67] [68] [69] [70] Representatives from Amnesty International, the Commission on Human Rights, and Iglesia ni Cristo also visited Delos Santos's wake. [22]

Kalookan Bishop Pablo Virgilio David condemned the shooting, calling it a "very specific case of abuse." Bishop David also criticized the ongoing drug war and the alleged abuses by the police. [71] Father Antonio Moreno, head of the Society of Jesus in the Philippines, called Delos Santos's death a "heartless killing." Fellow Jesuit Father Jose Ramon Villarin, president of Ateneo de Manila University, also condemned the killing of Delos Santos. Lasallian Brother Armin Luistro, former Secretary of Education, called for "a minute of silence every night at 8:24 p.m. to remember Kian Loyd delos Santos and all innocent victims of merciless deaths in our land." [72] Lingayen-Dagupan Archbishop Socrates Villegas, who is also the president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP), ordered the churches in his archdiocese to ring their bells from 8:00 to 8:15 p.m. every night from August 22 to November 27 in honor of Delos Santos, and as "a call to stop approval of the killings." [n 2] [73] [74] [75]

PNP Director General Ronald dela Rosa expressed regret over Delos Santos's death, saying he was "very sorry for what happened" but added that he would rather see his police officers alive than dead. [76] Dela Rosa also promised an investigation on the killing, saying: "Basta pag merong pang-aabuso hindi ko palalampasin 'yan." ("If there was indeed abuse [of authority] I will not let it pass.") Despite the incident, he guaranteed that the campaign against illegal drugs would continue. [77] [78] He also refused to visit Delos Santos's wake, believing it was inappropriate for him to do so, since the main suspects were police officers. He also claimed that visiting the wake would make him pretentious like the politicians. [78]

When President Rodrigo Duterte saw the CCTV tape, he allegedly called Dela Rosa 'as fast as [he] can' and asked the PNP to jail the police officers involved in Kian's killing. The president also "warned" some police officers. [79] He later visited the wake of Delos Santos. [80]

Investigation

The three police officers, who were tagged in the shooting of Delos Santos, were relieved from their posts. [81] An autopsy was conducted on August 20, showed that Delos Santos sustained three gunshot wounds: the first entry point was at the back of the head, the second entry point was behind the left ear and the third entry point was inside the left ear. [82]

The family of Delos Santos, on August 25, filed murder and torture charges against police officers involved in the drug operation. [83]

Convictions and later events

Three Caloocan police officer 3 Arnel Oares, PO1 Jeremiah Pereda, and PO1 Jerwin Cruz were found guilty of murdering Delos Santos during a drug sting in 2017. Caloocan Regional Trial Court Branch 125 Judge Rodolfo Azucena on November 29, 2018, sentenced the three to life in prison without the possibility of parole. [84]

On June 4, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte approved the return to active duty of Roberto Fajardo after Fajardo was appointed chief PNP-Highway Patrol Group, nearly a year after he was relieved from duty for the murder of Delos Santos. [85]

On August 15, 2022, the remains of Kian delos Santos were exhumed in La Loma Cemetery in Caloocan. Their bodies would be reexamined by forensic expert Dr. Raquel Fortun as part of the investigation on his death; it would be transferred in another gravesite in the same cemetery. [86] [87]

Carl Arnaiz and Reynaldo de Guzman

The case of Kian delos Santos has been likened to the cases of other teenagers, 19-year-old Carl Arnaiz and 14-year-old Reynaldo "Kulot" De Guzman.

Arnaiz went missing for 10 days; his dead body was found on August 28 in a morgue in Caloocan. [88] According to the Caloocan police, Arnaiz was involved in a robbery at C-3 road. The police alleged that Arnaiz drew a gun to rob a taxi driver. Arnaiz allegedly shot responding police officers PO1 Jefrey Perez and PO1 Ricky Arquilita, who fired back and killed the teenager. The police claimed in an August 30 report that they retrieved two packs of marijuana in Arnaiz's pocket and three packs of a substance suspected to be methamphetamine in his backpack. [89]

CCTV footage of the streets of Brgy. 28, Caloocan, showed three men in motorcycles followed by a taxi at 3:40 a.m. Arnaiz allegedly robbed the taxi driver named Tomas Bagcal. [90] Afterwards, the escorting motorcycles left the area. Aside from Bagcal, there were other passengers present who were named as PO1 Jeffrey Perez, de Guzman, Arnaiz, and an unnamed man. [90] According to a witness, the man who emerged from the taxi talking on the phone was PO1 Perez. Shortly, Perez returns to the taxi. At 3:47 a.m., the taxi parked on the sidewalk; though it was not shown on the CCTV footage, however, according to the witness, another taxi approached and reported the robbery. [90] A few minutes later, the taxi leaves and heads to C3 with de Guzman, Arnaiz, Perez, and the unnamed man on board. Two gunshots were heard by the witness. When investigating the source of the gunshots, the witness saw the lifeless body of Carl Arnaiz at the grassy area. [90] [91] Investigation team found .38 caliber revolver and three bullet containers that were allegedly used to return fire at the police. [91]

In early September 2017, the witness added that Perez accompanied de Guzman at the police mobile in C3. However, the statements of the witness and Bagcal contradicted each other. [90] On September 4, a paraffin test concluded that Arnaiz's right hand tested positive of gunpowder residue. [91] During the Senate hearing, according to the PNP Crime Laboratory, Arnaiz sustained five gunshots in the body (four in the chest and one in the stomach). [91] There were abrasions found on Arnaiz's body but the police cannot determine the cause of it. [91]

According to his parents, Arnaiz left his house in Cainta, Rizal, with de Guzman to eat midnight snacks on August 17. Arnaiz's father says that his son's only vice is smoking and denied he possessed said contraband. [89]

De Guzman's alleged body was found floating in Kinamatayang Kabayo creek in the town of Gapan, Nueva Ecija. De Guzman's father theorized that his son may have been killed so he could not testify against the killers of Arnaiz. [92] The PNP conducted a DNA test on the corpse and said that the body is not De Guzman's. However, his parents disputed the findings saying that they are certain that the body is that of their son. [93] According to the investigation, de Guzman sustained 30 stab wounds in the body. [94]

On January 19, 2018, in a 35-page resolution released to reporters, the Department of Justice (DOJ) indicted Perez and Arquilita with two counts of murder after probable cause for the slay of the two teenagers was found. Perez and Arquilita were also charged with two counts of torture and three counts of planting of evidence. [95] The Caloocan Regional Trial Court (RTC) Branch 122 issued warrant arrests against the aforementioned police officers. The warrants of arrest were dated January 23. No bail was recommended. [96]

The two accused were later underwent custody in the National Capital Region Police Office in Taguig City until March when Branch 122, upon granting the prosecution's manifestation, ordered their detention at the Valenzuela City Detention Center. [97]

The case faced issue on jurisdiction. It was said that the murder took place in Navotas and not in Caloocan, citing witness' claim. In May, Branch 122 dismissed the murder charges against the policemen. DOJ later re-filed the case before the Navotas City RTC. However, the Branch 122 judge said that while withdrawal of charges mid-trial is not permitted by the law, the legal option would be dropping such without causing harm. [98] [99] Since then, the case underwent trial at the Navotas RTC Branch 287. [100]

On April 20, 2019, Arquilita reportedly died of Hepatitis B while in jail. [101] Navotas City RTC later dropped the charges against him and, in August, denied the bail petition of the two accused. [102] [100]

Conviction

In its decision dated November 10, 2022, and later promulgation of the case, Caloocan RTC Branch 122 convicted Perez of the following: [103] [104]

It is the second such conviction in relation to the government's drug war after the 2018 conviction on delos Santos case. [103] [104]

Meanwhile, the same court dismissed criminal cases against the deceased, Arquilita. [103]

In another decision publicized on March 13, 2023, Navotas RTC Branch 287 convicted Perez of two counts of murder, sentencing him to reclusion perpetua without eligibility for parole. [105] [106]

Notes

  1. ↑ Spelled "Zaldy" in some sources.
  2. ↑ Translated from Filipino: Ang tunog ng kampana ay tawag na ihinto ang pagsang-ayon sa patayan. [73]

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On December 20, 2020, a shooting incident occurred in Paniqui, Tarlac, Philippines, when a police officer, Jonel Nuezca, fatally shot two of his neighbors, Sonia and Frank Gregorio, after a heated argument over an improvised noisemaker (boga). The victims' relatives and the perpetrator's underage daughter were present at the scene of the crime and witnessed the incident. The incident was caught on camera and went viral on social media, sparking nationwide outrage and reigniting the discussion over police brutality and human rights violations in recent years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 PNP–PDEA shootout</span>

On February 24, 2021, a botched buy-bust operation resulted in a shootout between units of the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) on Commonwealth Avenue in Quezon City. The incident resulted in the deaths of two police officers, a PDEA agent and an informant. Both agencies claimed that they had been conducting a legitimate anti-drug operation.

The following are the events in related to Philippine law in 2017. This includes developments in criminal investigations of national notability.

References

  1. ↑ "What we know so far: Killing of Carl Arnaiz, 19". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Damicog, Jeffrey (August 25, 2017). "Murder charges filed vs cops in Kian killing". Manila Bulletin . Retrieved September 23, 2017.
  3. 1 2 "Fiscals drop murder raps vs cops in Carl Arnaiz and 'Kulot' slays". The Philippine Star .
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cahiles, Gerg (August 18, 2017). "17-year-old student gunned down by cops in anti-drug operations". Metro Manila: CNN Philippines . Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 Lopez, Eloisa (August 19, 2017). "Our son, Kian: A good, sweet boy". Rappler . Manila. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 "Kian Loyd Delos Santos, 17, killed in drug crackdown". Al Jazeera. August 19, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  7. ↑ "Youth killings highlight need for UN probe of war on drugs – HRW". Interaksyon. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
  8. ↑ "Philippine Drug War: President Duterte's Crackdown Marks a Year". NBC News. June 26, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  9. ↑ Iyengar, Rishi (September 15, 2016). "Inside Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte's War On Drugs". Time . Manila. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  10. ↑ "#RealNumbersPH update: Operations as of July 28, 2017". pia.gov.ph. Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  11. ↑ Bolando, AJ; de Santos, Jonathan (August 17, 2017). "20 killed in Manila overnight after bloody Bulacan raid". The Philippine Star . Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  12. ↑ "Philippine police kills 32 in drugs war's bloodiest day". Reuters . August 16, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Philippine drug war sees 'bloodiest night' of deaths". BBC News . August 16, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  14. ↑ Mogato, Manny; Lema, Karen (August 16, 2017). "SINGLE DEADLIEST DAY IN PH: 32 people killed in Bulacan anti-drug operations". Manila: News5 . Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  15. 1 2 "DepEd condemns Kian delos Santos' death". Rappler. August 20, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Ang, Ryan; Verdera, Beverly (August 19, 2017). "'Nanlaban' death of Kian Lloyd delos Santos raises big stink; cops sacked, probe started". News5. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  17. 1 2 3 Subingsubing, Krixia (August 19, 2017). "OFW mom returns to bury slain teener". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  18. ↑ Javier, Kate Louise (August 17, 2017). "ROUNDUP: News in and around Metro Manila (Aug. 17, 2017)". Manila Bulletin . Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Subingsubing, Krixia (August 18, 2017). "Cops kill 'pistol-packing' Grade 11 kid". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  20. 1 2 Elemia, Camille (August 20, 2017). "Robredo on Kian's killing: It could happen to our children". Rappler. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  21. ↑ Bajo, Anna Felicia (August 19, 2017). "Kian's girlfriend, classmates, teachers in grief, outrage over his death". GMA News . Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  22. 1 2 3 Subingsubing, Krixia (August 20, 2017). "Outpouring of sympathy for family of teenager". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
  23. ↑ Santos, Jel (August 19, 2017). "Family of Kian delos Santos blast Caloocan police for shifting blame on them". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  24. ↑ "Hundreds of supporters call for justice as Kian is laid to rest". CNN Philippines . August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
  25. ↑ "Enormous crowd attends funeral of Kian". The Philippine Star . August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
  26. ↑ "Hundreds march as Kian laid to rest". GMA News and Public Affairs . August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
  27. ↑ [24] [25] [26]
  28. ↑ "Grade 11 student killed during anti-drug op in Caloocan". GMA News. August 17, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  29. 1 2 3 4 Almelor, Dominic (August 17, 2017). "Binatilyo, patay nang 'manlaban' sa pulis; pero iba ang kuha sa CCTV" (in Filipino). ABS-CBN News . Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  30. ↑ Galupo, Rey; Tupas, Emmanuel; Ong, Ghio (August 18, 2017). "Boy, 17, killed in Caloocan drug operation". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on August 19, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  31. ↑ Popioco, Makoi (August 19, 2017). "Fourth witness comes forward in Kian Loyd Delos Santos case". CNN Philippines. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  32. ↑ Bajo, Anna Felicia (August 18, 2017). "Witness: Kian Delos Santos begged for his life before being killed by cops". GMA News. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  33. ↑ Santos, Jel (August 19, 2017). "Tama na po. May test pa ako bukas". The Manila Bulletin . Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  34. ↑ "'Nakakadurog ng puso': #JusticeforKian trends nationwide on Twitter". Rappler. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  35. ↑ "'Himagsikan para kay Kian' set on August 21". Rappler. August 19, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  36. ↑ Molina, Carlo Jacob (August 21, 2017). "'Himagsikan para kay Kian' takes place today". Philippine Canadian Inquirer. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  37. 1 2 Cabrera, Romina; Alquitran, Non (August 22, 2017). "Rain fails to dampen rally for Kian". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  38. 1 2 "Hundreds protest Kian's killing under rain". GMA News. August 21, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  39. ↑ "Protesters call for justice despite heavy rain". CNN Philippines. August 21, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  40. ↑ "Three protests denouncing Kian Delos Santos's death happening today". CNN Philippines. August 21, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  41. ↑ "Palace respects rally for student slain in drug war, says it's people's right to assemble, express views". The Manila Times . August 21, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  42. ↑ "Duterte sa mga pulis sa Kian case: Ikulong kung may sala" (in Filipino). ABS-CBN News. August 22, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  43. ↑ Corrales, Nestor (August 18, 2017). "Killing of teenager in Caloocan anti-drug ops 'isolated,' says Palace". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  44. ↑ Morallo, Audrey (August 18, 2017). "Palace describes death of boy, 17, as 'isolated'". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  45. ↑ "Duterte won't tolerate police abuse, Palace assures public". GMA News. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  46. ↑ Ballaran, Jhoanna (August 19, 2017). "Palace on killing of teen in drug raid: 'One death too many'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  47. ↑ Cepeda, Mara (August 20, 2017). "Malacañang: Police should be 'wary of reckless exercise of power'". Rappler. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  48. ↑ "DepEd condemns Kian's killing, backs impartial probe". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  49. ↑ Subingsubing, Krixia (August 20, 2017). "Mayor, bishop grill cops over Kian killing". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
  50. ↑ "Witnesses in Kian's killing now with Hontiveros". philstar.com. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
  51. ↑ Elemia, Camille (September 11, 2017). "LOOK: Aguirre caught texting to 'expedite' cases vs Hontiveros". Rappler. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
  52. ↑ ABS-CBN News (September 11, 2017). "Hontiveros wants Justice Secretary Aguirre to resign" . Retrieved February 12, 2019– via YouTube.
  53. ↑ "Hontiveros wants Aug. 16 declared as National Day of Remembrance to commemorate Kian's death". GMA News Online. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
  54. ↑ Buan, Lian (August 22, 2017). "De Lima seeks SC permission to attend Senate hearing on Kian". Rappler. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
  55. 1 2 News, ABS-CBN. "De Lima twits Duterte order for Kian's slay probe". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved February 12, 2019.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  56. ↑ Ejercito, J. V. (August 17, 2017). "The killing of 17 year-old Kian Lloyd Delos Santos in the latest on war against drugs is very very disturbing". @jvejercito. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  57. ↑ Ejercito, J. V. (August 17, 2017). "17 year-old Kian Delos Santos is age of my eldest son. I feel for the father while watching the video. Sakit nito!". @jvejercito. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  58. ↑ Villanueva, Joel (August 17, 2017). "I am alarmed lately by the breakdown of our humanity, with people cheering the killings of individuals who have not been proven guilty". @senatorjoelv. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  59. ↑ Villanueva, Joel (August 17, 2017). "Saw this video report & what appears to be a lousy & terrible police operation. Again WE CANNOT ALLOW LAWLESSNESS in this country. #vigilance". @senatorjoelv. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  60. ↑ Angara, Sonny (August 17, 2017). "No to vigilante justice/killings and Yes to reforms of police, courts, prosecution". @sonnyangara. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  61. ↑ "Instagram post by Aiza Diño Seguerra • Aug 18, 2017 at 4:42am UTC". Instagram. Archived from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  62. ↑ De Jesus, Julliane Love (August 18, 2017). "Senators pan killing of high school student in Caloocan anti-drug ops". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  63. ↑ Morallo, Audrey (August 18, 2017). "17-year-old's death jolts senators to speak vs killings". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  64. ↑ Colcol, Erwin (August 20, 2017). "VP Robredo visits Kian's wake in Caloocan City". GMA News. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  65. ↑ Roxas, Pathricia Ann (August 20, 2017). "Robredo, human rights lawyer visit Kian's wake". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  66. ↑ "Robredo visits wake of slain 11th grader, vows legal aid". ABS-CBN News. August 20, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  67. 1 2 Adel, Rosette (August 20, 2017). "Robredo visits Kian's wake, Caloocan crime scene". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  68. ↑ "Binay, Aquino at Trillanes, dumalaw sa burol ni Kian". News5. August 22, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
  69. ↑ Colcol, Erwin (August 20, 2017). "Witnesses in Kian's slay now under senator's custody". GMA News. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
  70. ↑ "IN PHOTOS: Gov't officials who visited Kian delos Santos' wake". Rappler. August 22, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
  71. ↑ Esmaquel, Paterno II (August 19, 2017). "Kalookan bishop slams killing of 17-year-old boy in drug war". Rappler. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
  72. ↑ Esmaquel, Paterno II (August 28, 2017). "Ateneo priests, La Salle brothers hit drug war killings". Rappler. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
  73. 1 2 Aquino, Tricia (August 20, 2017). "THE CHURCH SPEAKS: Tagle says solidarity sans action 'cheap' as Lingayen rings bells for Kian". InterAksyon. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  74. ↑ "Church bells to ring nightly in Northern Luzon to protest drug killings". Philippine Daily Inquirer. August 20, 2017. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  75. ↑ Esmaquel, Paterno II (August 20, 2017). "Tagle, Villegas speak out vs new drug war killings". Rappler. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  76. ↑ Morallo, Audrey (August 18, 2017). "Dela Rosa sorry over boy's death, defends drug war killings". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  77. ↑ Mangosing, Frances (August 18, 2017). "PNP chief vows to probe death of 17-year-old suspect in drug ops". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  78. 1 2 Gabieta, Joey (August 22, 2017). "Bato sorry about Kian's death but won't visit wake". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Palo, Leyte . Retrieved September 30, 2017.
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  80. ↑ Ranada, Pia (August 28, 2017). "Duterte tells Kian delos Santos' parents they will have justice". Rappler. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
  81. ↑ "4 cops in Caloocan teen's death relieved, placed under 'restrictive custody'". The Manila Times .
  82. ↑ "Autopsy shows Kian died of 3 gunshot wounds to the head". Philippine Daily Inquirer .
  83. ↑ "Murder, torture raps filed vs. police over Kian's death". CNN Philippines .
  84. ↑ Marc Jayson, Cayabyab (November 30, 2011). "3 cops guilty of Kian delos Santos murder". Philippine Star .{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  85. ↑ "PNP official sacked over Kian slay returns as HPG chief". GMA News Online. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  86. ↑ "Kian delos Santos' remains exhumed". GMA News . August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  87. ↑ "Kian delos Santos' body exhumed 5 years after death". Rappler . August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  88. ↑ Ballaran, Jhoanna. "Carl Arnaiz sustained 5 bullet wounds in the body–NPD Crime Lab" . Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  89. 1 2 Viray, Patricia Lourdes (September 4, 2017). "What we know so far: Killing of Carl Arnaiz, 19". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  90. 1 2 3 4 5 "TV Patrol: Bagong testigo, lumutang kaugnay sa pagpatay kina Carl Angelo at 'Kulot'" (in Tagalog). ABS-CBN News – via YouTube.
  91. 1 2 3 4 5 "TV Patrol: Carl Angelo Arnaiz, nagpositibo sa gunpowder residue".
  92. ↑ "Carl Angelo Arnaiz's companion found dead in Nueva Ecija". GMA News. September 6, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  93. ↑ Gotinga, JC (September 12, 2017). "PNP: Body found in Nueva Ecija creek not Reynaldo de Guzman". CNN Philippines. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  94. ↑ "Missing teen last seen with Carl Arnaiz found dead with 30 stab wounds". Rappler .
  95. ↑ Rey, Aika (January 20, 2018). "DOJ charges cops for killing teens Arnaiz, De Guzman". Rappler. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  96. ↑ Buan, Lian (January 25, 2018). "Court orders arrest of cops for murder of Carl Arnaiz". Rappler. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  97. ↑ "Court orders transfer of cops tagged in Carl-Kulot slay to Valenzuela jail". Abogado. March 19, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  98. ↑ "Jurisdiction issue: Slay case vs cops junked". Inquirer.net . May 13, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  99. ↑ "Carl, Kulot double murder case now with Navotas court". Philstar.com . May 17, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  100. 1 2 "Pandemic stalls Carl-Kulot murder trial". Philstar.com . August 18, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  101. ↑ "Cop in Arnaiz, 'Kulot' case dies in confinement". Manila Bulletin . April 25, 2019. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  102. ↑ "No bail for cops tagged in killing of Carl Arnaiz". Tempo. August 18, 2019. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  103. 1 2 3 4 5 "After 5 years, court convicts cop for torture of teens Carl Arnaiz, De Guzman". Rappler . November 23, 2022. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  104. 1 2 3 4 "Court finds cop guilty of torturing teens, planting evidence during drug war". Inquirer.net . November 23, 2022. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  105. ↑ "Court convicts ex-cop for teenager killings linked to Duterte drug war". Rappler . March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  106. ↑ "Caloocan cop found guilty for 'drug war' deaths of two teens". Inquirer.net . March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
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