| Labiduridae Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
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| Nala lividipes | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Dermaptera |
| Suborder: | Neodermaptera |
| Infraorder: | Epidermaptera |
| Superfamily: | Labiduroidea Verhoeff, 1902 |
| Family: | Labiduridae Verhoeff, 1902 |
| Genera [1] | |
See text | |
Labiduridae, whose members are known commonly as striped earwigs, [2] is a relatively large family of earwigs in the suborder Neodermaptera. [3]
The family contains a total of approximately 72 species, spread across seven genera in three subfamilies. [4] [5] Some well-known members of the family include Labidura riparia , commonly known as the tawny earwig, and Gonolabidura meteor . The family is mostly cosmopolitan, so it can be found around the world. [5] At least two species have been described from middle Cretaceous aged Burmese amber, Myrrholabia and Zigrasolabis . [6]
The family's members are moderate to large earwigs, and are cylindrically shaped with well-developed wings. They have especially long antennae, while some segments can be shorter, and large cerci. [4] [5]
The family contains the following genera: [7]
Pygidicranidae is a family of earwigs in the suborder Neodermaptera. The family currently contains twelve subfamilies and twenty six genera. Eight of the subfamilies are monotypic, each containing a single genus. Of the subfamilies, both Astreptolabidinae and Burmapygiinae are extinct and known solely from fossils found in Burmese amber. Similarly Archaeosoma, Gallinympha, and Geosoma, which have not been placed into any of the subfamilies, are also known only from fossils. Living members of the family are found in Australia, South Africa, North America, and Asia. The monotypic genus Anataelia, described by Ignacio Bolivar in 1899, is found only on the Canary Islands. As with all members of Neodermaptera, pygidicranids do not have any ocelli. The typical pygidicranid bodyplan includes a small, flattened-looking body, which has a dense covering of bristly hairs (setae). The pair of cerci at the end of the abdomen are symmetrical in structure. The head is broad, with the fourth, fifth and sixth antenna segments (antennomeres) that are not transverse. In general Pygidicranids also have equally sized ventral cervical sclerites, and in having the rearmost sclerite separated from, or only touching the center of the prosternum. Cannibalism of young has been observed in at least one species in the family, Challia hongkongensis, in which an adult female was found eating a still-living nymph of the same species. The same species in a different area has been observed possibly eating fruits or seeds, making the species an omnivore.
Forficulidae is a family of earwigs in the order Dermaptera. There are more than 70 genera and 490 described species in Forficulidae.
The Stephanidae, sometimes called crown wasps, are a family of parasitoid wasps. They are the only living members of the superfamily Stephanoidea. Stephanidae has at least 345 living species in 11 genera. The family is considered cosmopolitan in distribution, with the highest species concentrations in subtropical and moderate climate zones. Stephanidae also contain four extinct genera described from both compression fossils and inclusions in amber.
The Berothidae are a family of winged insects of the order Neuroptera. They are known commonly as the beaded lacewings. The family was first named by Anton Handlirsch in 1906. The family consists of 24 genera and 110 living species distributed discontinuously worldwide, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. Numerous extinct species have also been described. Their ecology is poorly known, but in the species where larval stages have been documented, the larvae are predators of termites.
The dustywings, Coniopterygidae, are a family of Pterygota of the net-winged insect order (Neuroptera). About 460 living species are known. These tiny insects can usually be determined to genus with a hand lens according to their wing venation, but to distinguish species, examination of the genitals by microscope is usually necessary.
Anisolabididae is a family of earwigs, in the suborder Neodermaptera and the order Dermaptera.
Chelisochidae is a family of earwigs whose members are commonly known as black earwigs. The family contains a total of approximately 96 species, spread across sixteen genera in three subfamilies.
Diplatyidae is a family of earwigs in the suborder Neodermaptera. It contains three subfamilies, and four genera incertae sedis, one modern and three extinct known from fossils.
Astreptolabis is an extinct genus of earwig in the Dermaptera family Pygidicranidae known from a group of Cretaceous fossils found in Myanmar. The genus contains two described species, Astreptolabis ethirosomatia and Astreptolabis laevis and is the sole member of the subfamily Astreptolabidinae.
Tytthodiplatys is an extinct genus of earwig in the family Diplatyidae known from a Cretaceous fossil found in Myanmar. The genus contains a single described species, Tytthodiplatys mecynocercus.
Zigrasolabis is an extinct genus of earwig in the family Labiduridae known from Cretaceous fossils found in Myanmar. The genus contains a single described species, Zigrasolabis speciosa.
Toxolabis is an extinct genus of earwig in the dermapteran family Anisolabididae known from a Cretaceous fossil found in Burma. The genus contains a single described species, Toxolabis zigrasi.
Myanmyrma is an extinct genus of ants not placed into any Formicidae subfamily. Fossils of the single known species, Myanmyrma gracilis, are known from the Middle Cretaceous of Asia. The genus is one of several ants described from Middle Cretaceous ambers of Myanmar.
This taxonomy of the Dermaptera follows Engel & Haas (2007) to the rank of tribe.
Spongiphoridae is a family of earwigs in the suborder Neodermaptera. There are more than 40 genera and 510 described species in Spongiphoridae.
Labidura is a genus of earwigs in the family Labiduridae. Probably the earliest specimen of Labidura was found in Eocene amber. Among the Labidura species, Labidura riparia is cosmopolitan, but the Saint Helena earwig was the largest of all earwigs before its possible extinction after the year of 1967.
Neodermaptera, sometimes called Catadermaptera, is a suborder of earwigs in the order Dermaptera. There are more than 2,000 described species in Neodermaptera.
Allodahliinae is a subfamily of earwigs in the family Forficulidae. There are at least 3 genera and about 16 described species in Allodahliinae.
Opisthocosmiinae is a subfamily of earwigs in the family Forficulidae. There are about 18 genera and more than 100 described species in Opisthocosmiinae.
The Spongiphorinae are a medium-sized subfamily of earwigs in the superfamily Forficuloidea, sometimes called "little earwigs", erected by Karl Wilhelm Verhoeff in 1902. Distribution records appear to be incomplete, but genera such as Spongiphora originate from the Americas including the Caribbean; certain species such as Marava arachidis, have a cosmopolitan distribution.
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