Lattice tower

Last updated
The Eiffel Tower, measuring 1,083 feet from base to tip, is perhaps the most famous example of a lattice tower. It was built in 1889, and was the tallest man-made structure in the world until 1930. Tour Eiffel Wikimedia Commons.jpg
The Eiffel Tower, measuring 1,083 feet from base to tip, is perhaps the most famous example of a lattice tower. It was built in 1889, and was the tallest man-made structure in the world until 1930.

A lattice tower or truss tower is a freestanding vertical framework tower. This construction is widely used in transmission towers carrying high voltage electric power lines, in radio masts and towers (a self-radiating tower or as a support for aerials) and in observation towers. Its advantage is good shear strength at a much lower weight than a tower of solid construction would have as well as lower wind resistance.

Contents

In structural engineering, the term lattice tower is used for a freestanding structure, while a lattice mast is a guyed mast supported by guy lines. Lattices of triangular (3-sided) cross-section are most common, particularly in North America. Square (4-sided) lattices are also widely used and are most common in Eurasia. Lattice towers are often designed as either a space frame or a hyperboloid structure.

Before 1940, they were used as radio transmission towers especially for short and medium wave. Occasionally lattice towers consisting of wood were utilized. The tallest wooden lattice tower was at Mühlacker, Germany. It had a height of 190 metres (620 ft) and was built in 1934 and demolished in 1945. Most wood lattice towers were demolished before 1960. In Germany, the last big radio towers consisting of wood were the transmission towers of the Golm transmitter and the transmitter Ismaning. They were demolished in 1979 and 1983 respectively.

The tallest free standing lattice tower is the Tokyo Skytree, with a height of 634 metres (2,080 ft). The Petronius Compliant Tower is the tallest supported lattice tower at 640 metres (2,100 ft), being partially submerged. The city most renowned for lattice towers is Cincinnati, Ohio, which features four towers above 900 feet in height. Tokyo is the only other city in the world that has more than one above that height.

The majority of the tallest steel lattice towers in the world are actually built in water and used as oil platforms. These structures are usually built in large pieces on land, most commonly in Texas or Louisiana, and then moved by barge to their final resting place. Since a large portion of these towers is underwater the official height of such structures is often held in dispute. The steel lattice truss for these structures, known as jackets in the oil industry, are typically far more robust and reinforced than their land-based counterparts, sometimes weighing more than 50,000 tons as is the case for the Bullwinkle and Baldpate platforms, whereas tall (above 1,000 feet) land-based lattice towers range from a high of 10,000 tons as is the case in the Eiffel Tower to as low as a few hundred tons. They are built to a higher standard to support the weight of the oil platforms built on top of them and because of the forces to which they are subjected. As a result, the cost to build these structures can run into the hundreds of millions. These costs are justified due to the resulting oil and gas revenues, whereas land-based towers have a much lower stream of revenue and therefore the capital costs of towers are typically much less.

Tokyo Skytree, the tallest lattice tower in the world since its completion in 2012 Tokyo Sky Tree 2012 IV.JPG
Tokyo Skytree, the tallest lattice tower in the world since its completion in 2012
The Tokyo Tower was the tallest lattice tower in the world for 16 years, from 1957 to 1973 and remains the tallest 4-sided lattice tower Tokyo Tower 20060211.JPG
The Tokyo Tower was the tallest lattice tower in the world for 16 years, from 1957 to 1973 and remains the tallest 4-sided lattice tower
The WITI TV Tower is the tallest lattice tower in the United States and the tallest 3-sided lattice tower in the world Witi tv tower shorewood wisconsin.JPG
The WITI TV Tower is the tallest lattice tower in the United States and the tallest 3-sided lattice tower in the world
Dragon Tower, the tallest observation & radio lattice tower in China features a solid core, the most common design for tall lattice towers built in China DragonTower.jpg
Dragon Tower, the tallest observation & radio lattice tower in China features a solid core, the most common design for tall lattice towers built in China
An 800 foot long fixed steel jacket (lattice) oil platform Tamar jacket on H851.JPG
An 800 foot long fixed steel jacket (lattice) oil platform
A 250 m (820 ft)-long section of the Benguela-Belize Lobito-Tomboco Platform, which accounts for only about half the overall height of the structure BBlaunch.jpg
A 250 m (820 ft)-long section of the Benguela-Belize Lobito-Tomboco Platform, which accounts for only about half the overall height of the structure

Timeline of world's tallest lattice tower

Since end of the 19th century, tall lattice towers were built. Lattice towers have even held the absolute height record. They are among the tallest free-standing architectural structures and hold a number of national records, such as the tallest free-standing or even overall tallest structure of a country.

Land record, iron and steel towers

Held recordNameLocationCompletedHeight (m)Height (ft)Notes
FromTo
18521881 Carysfort Reef Light Key Largo, Florida, US185236.6120
18811889 San Jose electric light tower San Jose, California, US188172237Collapsed in a storm in December 1915
18891956 Eiffel Tower Paris, France1889312.31,025When built held the absolute height record for tallest structure of any type in the world until 1930
19561957 KCTV Broadcast Tower Kansas City, Missouri, US1956317.61,042
19571958 Eiffel Tower Paris, France18893211,053The Eiffel Tower regained the record when it added an antenna.
19581973 Tokyo Tower Tokyo, Japan19573331,093
19732012 Kyiv TV Tower Kyiv, Ukraine19733851,263
2012current Tokyo Skytree Tokyo, Japan20126342,080

Land record, wood towers

Held recordNameLocationCompletedHeight (m)Height (ft)Notes
FromTo
18531856 Latting Observatory New York City, United States185396315Burned down in 1856
18991902 Wardenclyffe Tower Shoreham, United States189957187
19021926 Towers of South Wellfleet Marconi Wireless Station South Wellfleet, United States1902642104 towers
19261928 Stadelheim Transmitter Munich-Stadelheim, Germany192675246
19281930 Flensburg Radio Tower Flensburg, Germany192890295
19301932 Transmitter Heilsberg Lidzbark Warmiński, Poland1930102335
19321933 Sendeturm Ismaning Ismaning, Germany1932163534
19331934 Transmitter Berlin-Tegel Berlin, Germany1933165541
19341945 Transmission Tower Mühlacker Mühlacker, Germany1934190623Demolished on April 6, 1945
19451948 Transmitter Berlin-Tegel Berlin, Germany1933165541Demolished on December 16, 1948
19481983 Sendeturm Ismaning Ismaning, Germany1932163534Demolished on March 16, 1983
19831990 Transmitter Żórawina Żórawina, Poland1932140459Demolished during Fall 1990
1990current Radio Tower Gliwice Gliwice, Poland1935118387

Land & water record, overall

Held recordNameLocationCompletedHeight (m)Height (ft)Notes
FromTo
18521853 Carysfort Reef Light Key Largo, Florida, US185236.6120
18531856 Latting Observatory New York City, United States185396315Burned down in 1856, structure was an inspiration for the Eiffel Tower
18561881 Carysfort Reef Light Key Largo, Florida, US185236.6120
18811889 San Jose electric light tower San Jose, California, US188172237Built using an unusual design featuring circular cross-beams
18891956 Eiffel Tower Paris, France1889312.31,025Weight of iron framework 7,300 tons total weight of the tower 10,100 tons
19561957 KCTV Broadcast Tower Kansas City, Missouri, US1956317.61,042Weight; 600 tons
18891958 Eiffel Tower Paris, France18893211,053
19581973 Tokyo Tower Tokyo, Japan19573331,093Weight; 4,000 tons
19731977 Kyiv TV Tower Kyiv, Ukraine19733851,263Weight; 3,000 tons
19771989 Cognac Platform Gulf of Mexico 1977385.51,265Weight; 45,000 tons [1] or 59,000 tons [2]
19891998 Bullwinkle Platform Gulf of Mexico 19895291,736Weight of the steel jacket 49,375 tons, total weight of the platform 72,000 tons
19982000 Baldpate Compliant Tower Gulf of Mexico 1998581.51,908Weight of the steel jacket 28,900 tons, total weight of the platform 38,700 tons
2000current Petronius Compliant Tower Gulf of Mexico 20126402,100Weight of the steel jacket 43,000 tons, total weight of the platform 50,500 tons. When built held the absolute height record for tallest structure of any type in the world until 2010.

Steel lattice towers

Tallest lattice towers, all types

List of all supertall lattice tower structures in the world.

RankNameTypeYearBuilt inCity/locationHeight mHeight ftCostWeightRemarks
1 Petronius Compliant Tower Oil Platform, Compliant tower2000United States Gulf of Mexico 6402,100$500 million50,500 [3] Tallest lattice tower of any type. Supported by water
2 Tokyo Skytree Lattice tower2012Japan Sumida, Tokyo 6342,080$806 million [4] 36,000 tons [5] Tallest free standing lattice tower
3 Baldpate Compliant Tower Oil Platform, Compliant tower1998United States Gulf of Mexico 581.51,908$300 million38,700 tonsTallest structure in the world 1998–2000
4 Bullwinkle Platform Oil Platform, Steel Truss1989United States Gulf of Mexico 5291,736$500 million72,000 tonsTallest fixed/rigged structure built in water
5 Benguela-Belize Lobito-Tomboco Platform [6] Oil Platform, Compliant tower2008United States Congo basin 5121,680$820 million [7] 69,500 tons
6 Pompano Platform Oil Platform, Steel Truss1994United States Gulf of Mexico 4771,56539,890 tons (not including platform) [8]
7 Tombua Landana platform [9] Oil Platform, Compliant tower2009United States Congo basin 4741,554$200 million [10] 81,500 tons [10] [11]
8 Harmony Platform [12] Oil Platform, Steel Truss1992South Korea [13] California3661,20044,100 (not including platform) [13] height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,500 ft or more in total height
9 Virgo Platform [12] Oil Platform, Steel Truss1999United States Gulf of Mexico 3441,130height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,400 ft (430 m) or more in total height
10 Coelacanth Platform [14] Oil Platform, Steel Truss2016United States Gulf of Mexico 4001,312
11 Heritage Platform [12] Oil Platform, Steel Truss1992South Korea [13] California3261,07035,500 (not including platform) [13] height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,300 ft (400 m) or more in total height
12 Cognac Platform [15] Oil Platform, Steel Truss1977United States Gulf of Mexico 385.51,265$100 million [1] or $265 million [2] 59,000 tons
13 Kyiv TV Tower Lattice tower1973 Ukraine Kyiv3851,263$12 million
14 tieJintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, East Tower [16] Hydro Pylon2019ChinaJintang Island3801,247$67 million [17] Tallest pylons in the world
14 tieJintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, West TowerHydro Pylon2019ChinaJintang Island3801,247$67 millionTallest pylons in the world
16 Tashkent Tower Lattice tower/Steel tower1985UzbekistanTashkent374.91,2306,000 tons [18] may be categorized as a steel tower rather than a lattice tower
17 tie Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie, North towerHydro Pylon2009ChinaDamao Island3701,214
17 tie Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie, South towerHydro Pylon2009ChinaDamao Island3701,214
19 Amberjack Platform [12] Oil Platform, Steel Truss1991United States Gulf of Mexico 3141,030height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,200 ft (370 m) or more in total height
20 Hondo Platform Oil Platform, Steel Truss1976United States Gulf of Mexico 354.51,163$70 million [19]
21 tie Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin, North towerHydro Pylon2003ChinaJiangyin346.51,1374,000 tons [20]
21 tie Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin, South towerHydro Pylon2003ChinaJiangyin346.51,1374,000 tons
23 Dragon Tower Lattice tower2000ChinaHarbin3361,102
24 Tokyo Tower Lattice tower1957JapanTokyo3331,093$8.4 million4,000 tons
25 WITI TV Tower Lattice tower1962United StatesShorewood, Wisconsin329.41,081
26 Cerveza Platform [21] Oil Platform, Steel Truss1981United States Gulf of Mexico 3271,073$90 million [22]
27 Cerveza Light Platform [21] Oil Platform, Steel Truss1981United States Gulf of Mexico 3271,073$60 million [22]
28 St. Petersburg TV Tower Lattice tower1962RussiaSaint Petersburg3261,070
29 Eiffel Tower Lattice tower1889FranceParis3241,063$1.5 million10,100 tons
30 WHDH-TV Tower Lattice tower1960United StatesNewton, Massachusetts323.81,062
31 KCTV Broadcast Tower Lattice tower1956United StatesKansas City, Missouri317.61,042$0.42 million600 tons [23]
32 Turner Broadcasting Tower Lattice tower1967United StatesAtlanta, Georgia314.31,031disassembled in 2010
33 Yerevan TV Tower Lattice tower1977ArmeniaYerevan311.71,023tallest structure in Armenia
34 Fazilka TV Tower Lattice tower2007IndiaFazilka304,81,000$2.1 million15,100 tonstallest lattice tower in India
35 Mumbai Television Tower Lattice tower1972IndiaMumbai300984

Lattice towers with observation decks

  indicates a structure that is no longer standing.

TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Tokyo Skytree 2012Japan Sumida, Tokyo 634 m2080 ftTallest Lattice tower in the world
Tashkent Tower 1985UzbekistanTashkent374.9 m1230 ft
Dragon Tower 2000ChinaHarbin336 m1102 ft
Tokyo Tower 1957JapanTokyo333 m1093 ft
Eiffel Tower 1889FranceParis330 m1083 ft
Zhuzhou Television Tower 1999ChinaZhuzhou293 m961 ft
Shijiazhuang TV-tower 1998ChinaShijiazhuang280 m919 ft
Kaifeng TV Tower 1995ChinaKaifeng268 m879 ft
Daqing Radio and Television Tower 1989ChinaDaqing260 m853 ft
Foshan TV Tower [24]  ?ChinaFoshan238 m781 ft
Qingdao TV Tower 1994ChinaQingdao232 m761 ft
Hongguangshan TV Tower ?ChinaÜrümqi230 m [25] 754 ft
Brasília TV Tower 1967BrazilBrasília224 m [26] 735 ftformerly the tallest structure in Brazil 1967-2004
Changchun Radio and Television Tower1997ChinaQingdao218 m [27] 715 ft
Guangzhou TV Tower 1991ChinaGuangzhou217 m712 ft
Guangdong TV Tower [28] 1965ChinaGuangdong200 m656 ft
Dalian Radio & TV Tower [29] 1990ChinaDalian191 m627 ftHas a thick solid concrete core with an exterior steel lattice, it is unknown which provides most of the structural support but the steel lattice is a very prominent feature of the tower
Nagoya TV Tower 1954JapanNagoya180 m590 ft
Odinstårnet 1935DenmarkOdense175 m574 ftdemolished on December 14, 1944
New Brighton Tower 1900UKLiverpool172.8 m567 ftdismantled from 1919 to 1921
Las Vegas Eiffel Tower 1999United StatesLas Vegas165 m541 ft1:2 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Osaka ABC Tower 1966JapanOsaka160 m525 ftdemolished in September 2009 [30]
The Parisian Macao 2016ChinaMacau160 m525 ft1:2 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Blackpool Tower 1894United KingdomBlackpool158 m518 ft
Funkturm Berlin 1926GermanyBerlin150 m492 ftOnly observation tower standing on insulators
Sapporo TV Tower 1957JapanSapporo147.2 m483 ft
Vasco-da-Gama-Tower 1998PortugalLisbon145 m476 ft
Alphabetic Tower 2012GeorgiaBatumi130 m427 ft
Gettysburg National Tower 1974United States Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 120 m394 ftdemolished on July 3, 2000 Hyperboloid structure
Observation tower of la Cité de l'Énergie 1997CanadaShawinigan, Quebec115 m377 ft
Torre Branca 1933ItalyMilan108.6 m356 ft
Kobe Port Tower 1963JapanKobe108 m354 ft
Eiffel Tower of Window of the World 1993ChinaShenzhen108 m354 ft1:3 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Eiffel Tower of Tiandu City Community 2007ChinaMacau108 m354 ft1:3 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Marine Tower Yokohama 1961JapanYokohama106 m348 ft
Tsutenkaku 1956JapanOsaka103 m338 ft
Hakata Port Tower 1964JapanFukuoka103 m338 ft
Tour métallique de Fourvière 1894FranceLyon101 m331 ftNot used as observation tower since 1953
Total Tower [31] 1994United StatesDenver100.6 m330 ft
Beppu Tower 1957JapanBeppu100 m328 ft
Eiffel Tower of Kings Island 1972United StatesMason, Ohio96 m315 ft1:3.5 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Eiffel Tower of Kings Dominion 1975United StatesDoswell, Virginia96 m315 ft1:3.5 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Cholfirst Radio Tower 1973SwitzerlandFlurlingen96 m315 ft
Sunsphere 1982United StatesKnoxville81.07 m266 ft
Eiffel Tower replica in Bahria Town2014PakistanBahria80 m262 ft1:4 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Torre Sant Sebastia 1931SpainBarcelona78 m256 ftHarbour terminal aerial tramway
Hiratsuka TV Tower 1972JapanHiratsuka70 m256 ft
Facility 4101, Tower 93 1975GermanyHürth74.84 m246 ft Electricity pylon, which carried from 1977 to 2010 in a height of 27 metres (89 ft) an observation deck
Morecambe Tower1898UKMorecambe71 m232 ftdismantled during the first world war, [32] built on top of a theatre
Hot Springs Mountain Tower 1983United StatesHot Springs Mountain65.8 m216 ft
Petřínská rozhledna 1891CzechPrague60 m197 ft
Bachtel Tower 1986SwitzerlandHinwil60 m197 ft
Green Tower 1998JapanSanbu60 m197 ft
Gross Reken Melchenberg Radio Tower 2002GermanyReken60 m197 ft
Schomberg Observation Tower 2006Germany Sundern 60 m197 ft
Aalborgtårnet 1933DenmarkAalborg54.9 m180 ftdismantled and rebuilt from the ground up in 2005
Observation Tower Ahlbeck 1998GermanyAhlbeck50 m164 ft
Watkins' Tower 1891UKLondon47 m154 ftnever completed & dismantled in 1907 was to be 358 m / 1175 ft in height
Morsbach Observation Tower1962GermanyMorsbach45 m148 ft
Joseph's Cross 1896GermanyStolberg38 m124 ft
Poppenberg Observation Tower 1897GermanyIlfeld33 m108 ft
Lemberg Tower 1899GermanyLemberg Mountain33 m108 ft
Wanne Observation Tower 1888GermanyVillingen-Schwenningen30 m98 ft
Gehrenberg Tower 1903Germany Markdorf 30 m98 ft
Tower of Unity 1962GermanyHeldrastein30 m98 ftFormer additionally guyed lattice tower, which was transformed into observation tower
Gustav-Vietor-Tower 1882GermanyHohe Wurzel (Taunus)25 m82 ftdemolished in 2006
Observation Tower at Goetzinger's Height 1883GermanyNeustadt/Saxony25 m82 ft
Hochfirst Tower 1890GermanyTitisee-Neustadt25 m82 ftAdditionally guyed
Büchenbronn Observation Tower 1883GermanyBüchenbronn24.75 m81 ftAdditionally guyed
Tour du Belvédère 1898FranceMulhouse-Belvédère20 m65 ft
Salzgitter Bismarck Tower 1900GermanySalzgitter17 m56 ft
Gillerberg Observation Tower 1892GermanyHilchenbach15 m49 ft

Radio tower carrying aerials

List of radio tower above 150 m / 500 ft in height.

  indicates a structure that is no longer standing.
  indicates a structure that has had a change in height or has been rebuilt.

Star Tower, example of a Landmark tower StarTower.JPG
Star Tower, example of a Landmark tower
Moscow Octod Tower, example of a Hyperboloid lattice tower Oktod-TTC.JPG
Moscow Octod Tower, example of a Hyperboloid lattice tower
Zhuzhou Television Tower, example of a lattice tower with a solid core, nearly a dozen of which were built in China throughout the 90's Zhuzhou Tower 1.jpg
Zhuzhou Television Tower, example of a lattice tower with a solid core, nearly a dozen of which were built in China throughout the 90's
Sutro Tower, a well-known San Francisco landmark featuring an uncommon 3-legged design Sutro Tower.jpg
Sutro Tower, a well-known San Francisco landmark featuring an uncommon 3-legged design
Wavre Transmitter features an unusual design that uses a guyed upper section to hold the transmitter in place Emetteur de Wavre.jpg
Wavre Transmitter features an unusual design that uses a guyed upper section to hold the transmitter in place
example of a 3803 KM tower, a very common 4-sided lattice tower design developed in the Soviet Union. About 80 of these were built in nearly every large city from 1956 to 1967 Russian TV tower (Penza).JPG
example of a 3803 KM tower, a very common 4-sided lattice tower design developed in the Soviet Union. About 80 of these were built in nearly every large city from 1956 to 1967
example of a Annapolis type military-use lattice tower, the US Navy built over 40 of these from 1914 to 1922 and 1936-1938 NSS Annapolis Towers.JPG
example of a Annapolis type military-use lattice tower, the US Navy built over 40 of these from 1914 to 1922 and 1936-1938
example of a typical commercial-use 3-sided lattice tower, thousands of which have been built throughout North America, over a 100 of which are on the list. Many different truss patterns are used but the general design is largely similar WSBC Radio Tower Full View 1.jpg
example of a typical commercial-use 3-sided lattice tower, thousands of which have been built throughout North America, over a 100 of which are on the list. Many different truss patterns are used but the general design is largely similar
TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftDesign typeNotable for
Tokyo Skytree 2012JapanTokyo634 m2080 ftsolid reinforced concrete core [33] supported by cylindrical lattice framethe tallest tower of any type in the world and the tallest land-based lattice tower, tallest structure in Japan
Kyiv TV Tower 1973UkraineKyiv385 m1263 ftsolid steel core supported by a 6-sided lattice frame with 4 legstallest land based lattice tower from 1973 to 2012, tallest structure in Ukraine
Tashkent Tower 1985UzbekistanTashkent374.9 m1230 ftsolid steel core supported by cylindrical lattice frame with 3 steel legsmore likely to be categorized as a steel tower than a lattice tower, tallest structure in Uzbekistan
Dragon Tower 2000ChinaHarbin336 m1102 ftsolid core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, 4-sided upper portion
Tokyo Tower 1957JapanTokyo333 m1093 ft4-sided, 4 leggedtallest lattice tower in the world from 1957 to 1973
Eiffel Tower 1889FranceParis330 m1083 ft4-sided, 4 leggedtallest lattice tower in the world from 1889 to 1956, has undergone multiple height changes, [34] original height of 1,024 ft (312 m) to tip of flagpole [35]
WITI TV Tower 1962United StatesShorewood, Wisconsin329.4 m1081 ft3-sidedtallest land based lattice tower in the United States, second tallest in the world when completed in 1962
St. Petersburg TV Tower 1962RussiaSaint Petersburg326 m1070 ftsolid(steel) central core supported by 6-sided lattice frametallest lattice tower in Russia, height increase of 53 ft (16 m) in 2011
WHDH-TV Tower 1960United StatesNewton, Massachusetts323.8 m1062 ft3-sided
KCTV Broadcast Tower 1956United StatesKansas City, Missouri317.6 m1042 ft4-sided, pyramid typebriefly became the tallest lattice tower in the world when completed in 1956 surpassing the Eiffel Tower's original height by 17 feet [34] weight; 600 tons
Turner Broadcasting Tower 1967United StatesAtlanta, Georgia314.3 m1031 ft3-sideddisassembled in 2010
Yerevan TV Tower 1977ArmeniaYerevan311.7 m1023 ftsolid steel core supported by 3-sided lattice frame [36] tallest structure in Armenia
Fazilka TV Tower 2007IndiaFazilka304.8 m1000 ft4-sidedtallest lattice tower in India
Mumbai Television Tower 1972IndiaMumbai300 m984 ft4-sided
Sutro Tower 1973United StatesSan Francisco, California297.8 m977 ft3 legged guyed upper section and candelabra top
WKRQ Tower 1960'sUnited StatesCincinnati, Ohio294.6 m967 ft3-sided
Zhuzhou Television Tower 1999ChinaZhuzhou293 m961 ftsolid core supported by 6-sided lattice frame
Star Tower 1991United StatesCincinnati, Ohio290.8 m954 ft Landmark tower design Last lattice tower above 700 feet built in the United States
WLWT TV Tower 1978United StatesCincinnati, Ohio289.6 m950 ft3-sided
Dudelange Radio Tower 1957LuxembourgDudelange285 m935 ft3-sidedtallest structure in Luxembourg, rebuilt in 1981
Shijiazhuang TV-tower 1998ChinaShijiazhuang280 m919 ftsolid core supported by 8-sided lattice frame with 4 legs
AIR Tower 2013IndiaAmritsar280 m919 ft4-sidedoriginally intended to be 300 m (980 ft) tall. [37] The tower's height reached a peak of 280 m (920 ft) with plans in place to further reduce its height to 100 m (330 ft) [38] due to a tilt in the tower's angle. [39] To date no work has been done to either rectify the issue or to reduce the towers height. [40] [41]
Net 25 Tower 1990PhilippinesQuezon City276.4 m907 ft3-sidedtallest structure in the Philippines
WCPO TV Tower 1965United StatesCincinnati, Ohio276 m905 ft3-sided
Perm TV tower [42] 2016RussiaPerm275 m902 ft Hyperboloid structure weight; 657 tons [42]
Tbilisi TV Broadcasting Tower 1972GeorgiaTbilisi274.5 m901 ftsolid steel core supported by 3-sided lattice frame with 2 legsmore likely to be categorized as a steel tower than a lattice tower, tallest structure in Georgia
RCTI TV Tower [43] [44]  ?IndonesiaJakarta274 m900 ft3-sidedtallest lattice tower in Indonesia
Kaifeng TV Tower 1989ChinaKaifeng268 m879 ftsolid core supported by 8-sided lattice frame with 4 legs
Daqing Radio and Television Tower 1989ChinaDaqing260 m853 ftsolid core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, 4-sided upper portion
Moscow Octod Tower 2006RussiaMoscow258 m846 ft Hyperboloid structure
WTVR TV Tower 1953United StatesRichmond, Virginia257 m843 ft4-sided, pyramid typesecond tallest lattice tower in the world when completed in 1953
Volgograd regional radio and television transmitting center [45] 2016RussiaVolgograd256 m840 ft4-sided
WBNS TV Tower 1948United StatesColumbus, Ohio255.8 m839 ft3-sidedoriginally 181.3 m 595 ft additional structural members were added 1955 to reach its current height
Grodno TV Tower 1984BelarusGrodno254 m833 ft4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbarstallest freestanding structure in Belarus
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 11918FranceMarcheprime250 m820 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usesix of the eight towers were built by 1918, the last two were completed in 1920. The retreating German army demolished all but one of the towers in 1944 [46]
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 21918FranceMarcheprime250 m820 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1944
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 31918FranceMarcheprime250 m820 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1944
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 41918FranceMarcheprime250 m820 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1944
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 51918FranceMarcheprime250 m820 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1944
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 61920FranceMarcheprime250 m820 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1944
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 71918 or 1920FranceMarcheprime250 m820 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1944
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 81918 or 1920FranceMarcheprime250 m820 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usethe final tower was deconstructed in 1953
Longwave transmitter Junglinster, Tower 11932LuxembourgJunglinster250 m820 ft3-sided, insulated against groundThe 2nd & 3rd towers were built at a later date, all three towers were reduced in height in 1983 [47] [48] to 216 m (709 ft)
Longwave transmitter Junglinster, Tower 21954LuxembourgJunglinster250 m820 ft3-sided, insulated against groundheight since 1983; 216 m (709 ft)
Longwave transmitter Junglinster, Tower 31959LuxembourgJunglinster250 m820 ft3-sided, insulated against groundheight since 1983; 216 m (709 ft)
Novodnistrovsk TV Tower [49] 1987UkraineDunaivtsi250 m820 ft4-sided
Hanoi TV Tower [50] 2013VietnamHanoi250 m820 ft4-sided, 4 leggedtallest lattice tower in Vietnam
River Road Tower [51] [52] 1965United StatesWashington, DC246.6 m809 ft3-sided candelabra top
Seto Digital Tower 2011JapanSeto244.7 m803 ftcentral lattice mast supported by 6 exterior legs
Vitebsk TV Tower 1983BelarusVitebsk244 m801 ft4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars
Astara TV Tower 1981Republic of AzerbaijanAstara243.84 m800 ft4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars
Central tower (Königs Wusterhausen) 1925GermanyKoenigs Wusterhausen243 m797 ft3-sidedcollapsed during storm on November 15, 1972
Yakutsk TV Tower 1982RussiaYakutsk241.71 m793 ft4-sidedantenna; 241.7 metres 793 ft, roof; 225.7 m 740 ft [53]
Birobidzhan TV Tower [54] 1972RussiaBirobidzhan241 m791 ft4-sided
Kharkiv TV Tower 1981UkraineKharkiv240.7 m790 ftsolid steel core supported by 6-sided lattice frame with 3 legs
Foshan TV Tower [24]  ?ChinaFoshan238 m781 ftsolid core supported by 8-sided lattice frame with 4 legs, 4-sided upper portion [55]
Tower of Power 1988PhilippinesQuezon City236.8 m777 ft4-sided
Channel 9 TV Tower [56] 1965AustraliaSydney233 m764 ft4-sideddisassembled in August 2021 [57] [58]
Wavre Transmitter 1983BelgiumWavre232 m761 ft4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbarstallest lattice tower in Belgium
Hughes Memorial Tower 1989United StatesWashington, DC232 m761 ft Landmark tower design
Qingdao TV Tower 1994ChinaQingdao232 m761 ftsolid central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, 4-sided upper portion
WOR TV Tower 1949United StatesNorth Bergen, New Jersey231.65 m760 ft4-sideddismantled after being struck by an aircraft in 1956
Hongguangshan TV Tower [25]  ?ChinaÜrümqi230 m754 ftsolid central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, 4-sided upper portion
KQTV Tower 1953United StatesSt. Joseph, Missouri229 m750 ft4-sided, pyramid typeheight since 2009; 587 ft (179 m)
WIVB TV Tower [59] 1948United StatesBuffalo, New York226.2 m742 ft3-sided
TV5 Tower [60]  ?BangkokThailand225 m740 ft3-sidedtallest lattice tower in Thailand
WTRF-TV Tower [61] 1962United StatesBridgeport, Ohio225 m738 ft3-sided
Brasília TV Tower 1967BrazilBrasília224 m735 ft6-sided
Millennium Transmitter 1969PhilippinesQuezon City219.5 m720 ft4-sided
Sahiwal TV Tower [62] 1970'sPakistanSahiwal219.5 m720 ft4-sidedtallest structure in Pakistan
Crystal Palace Transmitter 1950UKLondon219 m719 ft4-sidedtallest lattice tower in England
Changchun Radio and Television Tower [27] 1997ChinaQingdao218 m715 ftsolid core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, 4-sided upper portion
Mediacorp TV tower2006SingaporeBukit Batok217 m712 ft4-sided, (1°21'5.29"N 103°45'59.11"E)built on a hill, height from lowest leg is 746 ft (227 m)
Guangzhou TV Tower 1991ChinaGuangzhou217 m712 ft4-sided, 4 legged
Blosenbergturm 1937SwitzerlandBeromünster216 m709 ft4-sidedselfradiating tower insulated against ground
Melitopol Retransmitter Tower [63] 1981UkraineMelitopol216 m709 ft4-sided
Deyang TV Tower [64] 1991ChinaDeyang216 m709 ft12-sided, 4 legged
Channel 7/10 TV Tower [65] 1965AustraliaSydney216 m708 ft4-sidedtallest lattice tower in Australia
WBIR TV Tower [66] 1956United StatesKnoxville, Tennessee215.5 m707 ft3-sided
WTTG TV Tower [67] 1963United StatesWashington, DC214.8705 ft3-sided
Mariupol TV Tower [68] 1981UkraineMariupol214 m702 ft4-sided
Zlatoust TV Tower [69] 1983RussiaZlatoust213 m699 ft4-sided
Torre TV Bandeirantes 1997BrazilSão Paulo212 m696 ft4-sided non-tapering, weight; 650 tons
WJLA TV Tower [70] 1972United StatesWashington, DC210.9692 ft3-sided
TV Tower Bol d'Air-Ougrée [71]  ?BelgiumBol d'Air-Ougrée210 m689 ft4-sided
Cherepovets TV Tower [72] 1969RussiaCherepovets208.5 m684 ft4-sided
KTWB-TV Tower [73] 1979United StatesSeattle, Washington208 m682 ft3-sided
Khmelnytsky TV Tower [74] 1980UkraineKhmelnytskyi208 m682 ft4-sided
Arkhangelsk TV Tower [75] 2004RussiaArkhangelsk208 m682 ft4-sided
Cimişlia TV Tower [76]  ?MoldovaCimişlia208 m682 ft4-sided
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 1 [77] 1943RussiaNovosemeykino205 m673 ft3-sided, military usedemolished in 2010, [78] selfradiating insulated against ground
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 2 [77] 1943RussiaNovosemeykino205 m673 ft3-sided, military usedemolished in 2010, [78] selfradiating insulated against ground
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 3 [77] 1943RussiaNovosemeykino205 m673 ft3-sided, military usedemolished in 2010, [78] selfradiating insulated against ground
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 4 [77] 1943RussiaNovosemeykino205 m673 ft3-sided, military usedemolished in 2010, [78] selfradiating insulated against ground
Cesvaine TV Tower [79]  ?LatviaCesvaine204 m669 ft4-sided
Edineţ TV Tower [80]  ?MoldovaEdineţ204 m669 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Rezeknes TV Tower [81]  ?LatviaRezeknes204 m669 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Valmieras TV Tower [81]  ?LatviaValmieras204 m669 ft4-sided
Antananarivo TV Tower [82]  ?MadagascarAntananarivo203 m665 ft
Klaipeda Radio and Television Station [83] 1960LithuaniaKlaipeda202 m663 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Daugavpils TV Tower [84] 1956LatviaDaugavpils202 m663 ft4-sidedheight increased in 1989
WRC TV Tower [85] 1989?United StatesWashington, DC201.8 m662 ft3-sided
Brisbane Channel 10 TV Tower [86]  ?AustraliaBrisbane201.8 m662 ft4-sided
Orion Tower [87] [88] 2001RussiaSamara201 m660 ft Hyperboloid structure
WKBN TV Tower [89] 1976United StatesYoungstown, Ohio200.3 m657 ft3-sided
Gomel TV Tower [90] 1957BelarusHomel200 m656 ft4-sided
Kirovohrad TV Tower [91] 1964UkraineKropyvnytskyi200 m656 ft4-sided
Guangdong TV Tower [28] 1965ChinaGuangdong200 m656 ft8-sided
WMBC TV Tower [92] 1965United StatesMontclair, New Jersey200 m656 ft3-sided
TV Tower on Mount Papula [93] 1966RussiaVyborg200 m656 ft4-sided
Khust TV Tower [94] 1975UkraineKhust200 m656 ft4-sided
Olevsk Communication Tower [95] 1989UkraineOlevsk200 m656 ft4-sided
VRT Zendmast Genk [96]  ?BelgiumGenk200 m656 ft4-sided
Ciurel Telecommunications Tower [97]  ?RomaniaBucharest200 m656 ft4-sided
TV5 Transmitter Tower [98]  ?PhilippinesQuezon City200 m656 ft4-sided
St. Petersburg American Tower [99] 1985United StatesSt. Petersburg199.6 m655 ft3-sided
New Krasnoyarsk TV Tower [100] [101] 2013RussiaKrasnoyarsk199.4 m654 ft4-sided
Odessa TV Tower [102] 1958UkraineOdessa199 m653 ft4-sided, 3803 KM single platform
Kherson TV Tower 1994UkraineKherson199 m653 ft4-sided
Novosibirsk TV Tower [103] 1957RussiaNovosibirsk198 m650 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Voronezh TV Tower [104] 1958RussiaVoronezh198 m650 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Rádio Transamérica [105]  ?BrazilSão Paulo198 m650 ft3-sided
Krasnodar TV Tower [106] 1959RussiaKrasnodar197 m646 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Türi Radio Mast 1937EstoniaTüri196.6 m645 ft3-sideddemolished in 1941. At time of completion was the tallest structure in Northern Europe, built by an American company
Old Yerevan TV Tower [107] 1956ArmeniaYerevan196 m643 ft4-sided, 3803 KM demolition date unknown
Chelyabinsk TV Tower [108] 1958RussiaChelyabinsk196 m643 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Penza Television Centre Transmitter [109] 1958RussiaPenza196 m643 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Rostov TV Tower [110] 1958RussiaRostov196 m643 ft4-sided, 3803 KM single platform [111]
Omsk TV Tower [112] 1959KazakhstanOmsk196 m643 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Pärnu TV Tower [113] 1963EstoniaPärnu196 m643 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Cherkaska TV Tower [114] 1964UkraineCherkaska196 m643 ft4-sided
Bilopillia TV Tower [115] 1966UkraineBilopillia196 m643 ft4-sided
Trostianets TV Tower [116] 1985UkraineTrostianets196 m643 ft4-sided
Ivano-Frankivsk TV Tower [117] 1965UkraineIvano-Frankivsk195 m640 ft4-sided
Sky Tower West Tokyo [118] 1980JapanTokyo195 m640 ft8-sided non-tapering
Mulhouse-Belvédère Transmission Tower [118] 1997FranceMulhouse195 m640 ft3-sided
Tower at 3710 Marquis St [119] 1992United StatesGarland, Texas194.2 m637 ft3-sided
Bryansk TV Tower [120] 1958RussiaBryansk194 m637 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Dnipropetrovsk TV Tower [121] 1958UkraineDnipropetrovsk194 m637 ft4-sided, 3803 KM single platform
Lugansk TV Tower [122] 1958UkraineLugansk194 m637 ft4-sided, 3803 KM single platform
Kamenske TV Tower1965UkraineKamenske194 m637 ft4-sided, 3803 KM [123]
KSTW-TV Tower [73] 1979United StatesSeattle, Washington194 m636 ft3-sided
Karaganda TV Tower [124] 19KazakhstanQaragandy194 m635 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Mykolaiv TV Tower [125] 1958UkraineMykolaiv193 m633 ft4-sided, 3803 KM single platform
Bishkek TV Tower [126] 1958KyrgyzstanBishkek193 m633 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Ulaanbaatar Radio Station Tower [127] 1967MongoliaUlaanbaatar193 m633 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
KEZK-FM Tower [128] 1981United StatesSt. Louis, Missouri192.3 m631 ft3-sided
Tallinn TV Mast [129] 1955EstoniaTallinn192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM dismantled in 1984
Yekaterinburg TV Tower (Old) [130] 1955RussiaYekaterinburg192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Donetsk TV Tower 1 [131] 1956UkraineDonetsk192 m630 ft4-sided
Baku Communication Tower [132] 1956AzerbaijanBaku192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM demolished in 2008
Irkutsk TV Tower [133] 1957RussiaIrkutsk192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Murmansk TV Tower [134] 1957RussiaMurmansk192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Lviv TV Tower [135] 1957UkraineLviv192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM single platform
Simferopol TV Tower [136] 1958RussiaSimferopol192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM single platform
Ulyanovsk TV Tower [137] 1959RussiaUlyanovsk192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Zaporizhzhya TV Tower1959UkraineZaporizhzhya192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM [138] single platform
Lipetsk TV Tower [139] 1960RussiaLipetsk192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Annunciation TV Tower [140] 1964RussiaBlagoveshchensk192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Abakan TV Tower [141] 1965RussiaAbakan192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Almaty Old TV tower [142]  ?KazakhstanAlmaty192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Pavlodar TV Tower [143]  ?KazakhstanPavlodar192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Tomsk TV Tower [144]  ?RussiaTomsk192 m630 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Orissaare TV Tower [145] 1965EstoniaOrissaare191 m627 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Leipzig Radio Tower [146] 2015GermanyLeipzig191 m627 ft4-sided
LORAN-C transmitter Carolina Beach 1952 [147] United StatesCarolina Beach, North Carolina190.5 m625 ftcollapsed caused by Hurricane Helene September 26, 1958
Stonehenge Tower [148] 1990United StatesPortland, Oregon190.5 m625 ftsolid steel core supported by 3 legsmore likely to be categorized as a steel tower than a lattice tower
Transmitter Sottens, old transmission tower1948SwitzerlandSottens190 m623 ft4-sideddemolished in 1989, mediumwave selfradiating tower insulated against ground
Bratsk TV Tower [149] 1963RussiaBratsk190 m623 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
ATV10 Tower [150] [151] 1964AustraliaMelbourne190 m623 ft4-sidedheight increase of 10 m (33 ft) in 2001
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 1 [152] 1919United StatesCayey, Puerto Rico189 m620 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1938
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 21919United StatesCayey, Puerto Rico189 m620 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1938
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 31919United StatesCayey, Puerto Rico189 m620 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1938
Cambridge Bay LORAN Tower 1948CanadaCambridge Bay189 m620 ft4-sideddemolished in August 2014 [153]
Sottens Radio Tower 1989SwitzerlandSottens188 m617 ft4-sidedmediumwave, selfradiating tower insulated against ground
Soinaste Telemast [154] 1957EstoniaTartu186 m610 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Chisinau TV Tower [155] 1958MoldovaChisinau186 m610 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Petrozavodsk TV Tower [156] 1959RussiaPetrozavodsk186 m610 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
KIRO TV Tower [73] 1958United StatesSeattle, Washington186 m609 ft3-sided
Santa Palomba transmitter, Main Tower ?ItalySanta Palomba186 m609 ft4-sidedequipped with cage antenna for mediumwave broadcasting
Ovce Pole Radio Tower [157]  ?MacedoniaLozovo185 m608 ft4-sided
Semipalatinsk TV Tower [158]  ?KazakhstanSemey185 m608 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Ekibastuz TV Tower [159] 1967KazakhstanEkibastuz185 m607 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Vlessart TV Tower [160]  ?BelgiumRue Vlessart Airmont Léglise185 m607 ft4-sided, horizontal bars of frame are fixed at the centre column
Anderlues TV Tower [161]  ?BelgiumAnderlues185 m607 ft4-sided
Tower at 4800 Reagan Drive [162] 2004United StatesCharlotte, North Carolina184.4 m605 ft3-sided
Brisbane ABQ TV Tower [163] 1959AustraliaBrisbane184.3 m605 ft4-sided27°27′52″S 152°56′51″E
KWEX TV Tower [164] 1998United StatesSan Antonio, Texas184.1 m604 ft3-sided
NAA (Arlington, Virginia), Tower 1 [165] 1913United StatesArlington, Virginia183 m600 ft4-sided, military usedismantled in 1941, [166] was the first of many US Naval radio transmitting station, [167] it was the tallest lattice tower in the United States when built and second tallest in the world after the Eiffel Tower the site also featured two 450-foot tall lattice towers which were possibly the 3rd and 4th tallest in the world at that time
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 1 [168] 1914United States (Now Panama)Balboa183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military use6 towers on site built by the US Navy, began operations in 1912, tower possibly demolished in 1993, site returned to Panama in 1996 [169] and station decommissioned by 1999 [170]
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 21914United States (Now Panama)Balboa183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished by 1999
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 31914United States (Now Panama)Balboa183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished by 1999
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 41914United States (Now Panama)Balboa183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished by 1999
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 51914United States (Now Panama)Balboa183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished by 1999
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 61914United States (Now Panama)Balboa183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished by 1999
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 1 [171] 1915United States (Now Philippines)Cavite183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1971, 3 towers on site built by the US Navy
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 21915United States (Now Philippines)Cavite183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1971
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 31915United States (Now Philippines)Cavite183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1971
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 1 [172] 1917United StatesSan Diego183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1995, 3 towers on site built by the US Navy
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 21917United StatesSan Diego183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1995
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 31917United StatesSan Diego183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1995
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor, Tower 1 [173] 1917United StatesPearl Harbor183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedismantled in 1936, the transmitters were later used at Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility [174]
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor, Tower 21917United StatesPearl Harbor183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedismantled in 1936
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor, Tower 31917United StatesPearl Harbor183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedismantled in 1936
NSS Annapolis, Tower 11918United StatesAnnapolis183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1969. The site originally had a total of 9 self-supporting 600-foot tall the most lattice towers of that height ever built in a single location. Four were built in 1918, two more in 1922 and the final three in 1938. The 6 towers built in 1918 & 1922 were demolished in 1969 while the 3 towers built in 1938 remain today. [175] Tied for tallest lattice towers in the United States from 1918 to 1949
NSS Annapolis, Tower 21918United StatesAnnapolis183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1969
NSS Annapolis, Tower 31918United StatesAnnapolis183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1969
NSS Annapolis, Tower 41918United StatesAnnapolis183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1969
NSS Annapolis, Tower 51922United StatesAnnapolis183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1969
NSS Annapolis, Tower 61922United StatesAnnapolis183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1969
NSS Annapolis, Tower 7 [175] 1938United StatesAnnapolis183 m600 ft3-sided Annapolis type 3 towers remaining, site previously had a total of 9 towers
NSS Annapolis, Tower 8 [175] 1938United StatesAnnapolis183 m600 ft3-sided Annapolis type
NSS Annapolis, Tower 9 [175] 1938United StatesAnnapolis183 m600 ft3-sided Annapolis type
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 11936United StatesLualualei183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1972, 7 possibly 8 towers [176] [177] on site built by the US Navy, these were later replaced in 1972 with two 1,500-foot tall guyed masts [177]
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 21936United StatesLualualei183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1972
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 31936United StatesLualualei183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1972
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 41936United StatesLualualei183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1972
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 51936United StatesLualualei183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1972
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 61936United StatesLualualei183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1972
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 71936United StatesLualualei183 m600 ft3-sided, Annapolis type military usedemolished in 1972
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 11941UKCriggion, Powys182.9 m600 ft4-sided, military usedemolished in 2003
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 21941UKCriggion, Powys182.9 m600 ft4-sided, military usedemolished in 2003
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 31941UKCriggion, Powys182.9 m600 ft4-sided, military usedemolished in 2003
Mulhouse-Belvédère Transmission, Old Tower [178] 1955FranceMulhouse182.9 m600 ft3-sideddemolished in 1998
TV Tower RTPTS Berezniki [179] 1961RussiaBerezniki183 m600 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Tower at 503 Mcarthur Drive [180] 2016United StatesNew Bedford, Massachusetts182.9 m600 ft3-sided
Ryazan TV Tower [181] 1956RussiaRyazan182.5 m599 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Nizhny Novgorod TV Tower [182] 1957RussiaNizhny Novgorod182 m597 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Old Ufa TV Tower [183] 1958RussiaUfa182 m597 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Old Perm TV Tower [42] 1958RussiaPerm182 m597 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Kazan TV Tower [184] 1959RussiaKazan182 m597 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
KSTP TV Tower [185] 1948United StatesSaint Paul, Minnesota181.1 m594 ft3-sided
Old WSTM-TV Tower [186] 1953United StatesSyracuse, New York181.0 m594 ft4-sideddemolished in 2003
WQED TV Tower [187] 1954United StatesPittsburgh, Pennsylvania181.1 m594 ft3-sided candelabra top
KCTS TV Tower Tower [73] [188] 1965United StatesSeattle, Washington181.1 m594 ft3-sided
Tower on Mamayev Kurgan [189] 1956RussiaVolgograd180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Vladimirskaya TV Tower [190] 1956RussiaVladimirskaya180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Old Krasnoyarsk TV Tower [101] 1957RussiaKrasnoyarsk180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Samara TV Tower [191] 1957RussiaSamara180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Kemerovo TV Tower [192] 1958RussiaKemerovo180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Sochi TV Tower [193] 1958RussiaSochi180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
KRTPTS Eagle's Nest [194] 1959RussiaVladivostok180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Arzamas TV Tower [195] 1960RussiaArzamas180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Tambov TV Tower [196] 1960RussiaTambov180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Yoshkar-Ola TV Tower [197] 1960RussiaYoshkar-Ola180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Astrakhan TV Tower [198] 1961RussiaAstrakhan180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Cheboksary TV Tower [199] 1961RussiaCheboksary180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Kurgan TV Tower [200] 1961RussiaKurgan180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Leninsk-Kuznetsky TV Tower [201] 1962RussiaLeninsk-Kuznetsky180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Magnitogorsk TV Tower [202] 1962RussiaMagnitogorsk180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Novokuznetsk TV Tower [203] 1962RussiaNovokuznetsk180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Tula TV Tower [204] [205] 1963RussiaTula180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Khabarovsk TV Tower [206] 1964RussiaKhabarovsk180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Syktyvkar TV Tower [207] 1964RussiaSyktyvkar180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Donetsk TV Tower 2 [208] 1964UkraineDonetsk180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Yarok TV and Radio Tower1964UkraineYarok180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM [209]
Kokshetau TV Tower [210] 1965KazakhstanKokshetau180 m591 ft4-sided with lateral supports added in 2002 for vertical stability after washout [211]
Nalchik TV Tower [212] 1967RussiaNalchik180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Andriivka TV Tower [213] 1969UkraineAndriivka180 m591 ft4-sided
Kotovsk Communication Tower [214] 1972UkraineVesternychany180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Mezhdurechenskaya TV tower [215] 1972RussiaMezhdurechensk180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Chongqing Radio & TV Tower [216] 1973ChinaYuzhong, Chongqing CQ180 m591 ft4-sided
Kuldiga TV Tower [217]  ?LatviaKuldiga180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Uralsvyazinform tower [42] [218] 2003RussiaPerm180 m591 ft Hyperboloid structure
Aktobe TV Tower [219]  ?KazakhstanAktobe180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Ust-Kamenogorsk TV Tower [220]  ?KazakhstanOskemen180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Petropavlovsk TV Tower [221]  ?KazakhstanOskemen180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Makhachkala TV Tower [222]  ?RussiaMakhachkala180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM [223]
Tobolsk TV Tower [224]  ?RussiaTobolsk180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Tyumen TV Tower [225]  ?RussiaTyumen180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Tashkent Old TV Tower [226]  ?UzbekistanTashkent180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Gyumri TV Tower [227]  ?ArmeniaGyumri180 m591 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
Nagoya TV Tower 1954JapanNagoya180 m590 ft4-sided
Smolensk TV Tower [228] 1957RussiaSmolensk180 m590 ft
Funabashi Miyama Broadcasting Station A Radio Tower [229] 1970JapanTokyo180 m590 ft4-sided
KDFW TV Tower [230] 1949United StatesDallas, Texas179 m587 ft4-sidedcurrent height 149.8 m (491 ft)
WTOB-TV Tower [231] [232] 1953United StatesWinston-Salem, North Carolina178.61 m586 ft3-sidedRemoved 1967, more than a decade after the TV station closed. Was lit yearly at Christmas from 1957 to 1966. [233]
1230 East Mermaid Lane Tower [234] 1957United StatesWyndmoor, Pennsylvania178 m585 ft3-sided
WTNV Tower [235] 1947United StatesJackson, Tennessee176.8 m580 ft4-sidedcollapsed caused by tornado on May 4, 2003
KGO-TV Tower [236] 1949United StatesSan Francisco, California176.8 m580 ft3-sideddemolished in 1972 to make way for the Sutro Tower
Ministry of Defense Building B [237] 1996JapanTokyo177 m580 ft12-sided, built on top of a buildingtotal height including building is 722 ft (220 m)
Balashikha Tower [238]  ?RussiaBalashikha176 m577 ft4-sided non-tapering
Old WLWT TV Tower [239] [240] 1948United StatesCincinnati173.7 m570 ft4-sideddismantled in 2005, replaced by the WLWT TV Tower
KING TV Tower [73] 1952United StatesSeattle, Washington174 m570 ft4-sided
KGHL Tower [241] [242] 1928United StatesBillings173 m568 ft3-sideddemolished in 2020
Hirano Radio Tower [243] 1971JapanSaitama173 m568 ftsolid central core supported with 4 legs,central core possibly made out of concrete?
Tower at 777 Winks Lane [244]  ?United StatesBensalem, PA173.1 m568 ft3-sided
WDET Tower [73] 1996United StatesDetroit, Michigan172.5 m566 ft3-sided
KOMO TV Tower [73] 1952United StatesSeattle, Washington172 m564 ft3-sided
Yokohama Radio Tower ?JapanYokohama172 m564 ft4-sided35°31'28.15"N 139°39'50.84"E
Tower at 1230 East Mermaid Lane [245]  ?United StatesWyndmoor, PA171.3 m562 ft3-sided
Original TCN TV Tower [246] 1956AustraliaSydney171 m561 ft4-sideddemolished in 1966
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 11956 [247] SlovakiaRimavská Sobota171 m561 ft4-sided4 identical towers [248]
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 21956SlovakiaRimavská Sobota171 m561 ft4-sided
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 31956SlovakiaRimavská Sobota171 m561 ft4-sided
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 41956SlovakiaRimavská Sobota171 m561 ft4-sided
Hearst Stations Tower [249] 1957United StatesSacramento, California170.2 m558 ft3-sided
Tower at 2740 South Freeway [250] 1992United StatesFort Worth, Texas170.1 m558 ft4-sided
WHHL-FM Tower [251] 2008United StatesSt. Louis, Missouri170.1 m558 ft3-sided
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 5 [252] 1956SlovakiaRimavská Sobota170 m558 ft4-sided
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 6 [252] 1956SlovakiaRimavská Sobota170 m558 ft4-sided
Gore Hill ABC TV Tower [253] 1957 [254] AustraliaSydney170 m558 ft4-sided
VRT Zendmast Oostvleteren 1969BelgiumOostvleteren170 m558 ft4-sided
WTVH TV Tower [255] 1948United StatesSyracuse, New York169.5 m556 ft4-sided
KSAT TV Tower [256] 1957United StatesSan Antonio, Texas168.9 m554 ft3-sided
Gaocheng TV Tower [257]  ?ChinaGaocheng168 m551 ft
WWVR Tower [258] 1954United StatesTerre Haute, Indiana167.6 m550 ft3-sided
Yiye Avila Tower [259] 1991United StatesUtuado, Puerto Rico167 m548 ft Landmark tower design collapsed caused by Hurricane Maria September 2017 [260] [261]
VRT Zendmast Schoten 1969BelgiumSchoten167 m548 ft4-sided
KNBC Mount Wilson Tower [262] 1998United StatesMount Wilson, California166 m545 ft4-sided
CBC Jarvis St. Tower 1952CanadaToronto164.6 m540 ft4-sideddemolished in 2002
RTBF Profondeville  ?BelgiumRiviere164 m538 ft
KCCI TV Tower [263] 1985United StatesDes Moines, Iowa163.6 m537 ft3-sided
TV Tower Tournai-Froidmont 1967BelgiumTournai-Froidmont163 m535 ft4-sided
WJAR TV Tower [264] 2013United StatesRehoboth, Massachusetts162.7 m534 ft4-sided
WRAT Tower [265]  ?United StatesLake Como, NJ162.5 m533 ft3-sided
WXRT Tower [266] 1971United StatesChicago, Illinois162.2 m532 ft3-sided
Higashiyama TV Tower [267] 1969JapanNagoya162 m532 ft4-sided
WOWT TV Tower [268] 1949United StatesOmaha, Nebraska161.6 m530 ft3-sided
Tower at 2599 Palumbo Drive [269] 1991United StatesLexington, Kentucky161.5 m530 ft3-sided, 8-sided top
Ishikawa TV Broadcasting TowerJapanKanazawa162 m530 ftsolid steel core supported by a 8-sided non-tapering lattice36°35'17.37"N 136°36'21.62"E
Martina Franca Tower 1 [270]  ?ItalyMartina Franca161 m528 ft4-sided
WIZF Tower [271] [272] 1976United StatesCincinnati, Ohio160.9 m528 ft4-sided
KDNL TV Tower [273] [274] 1947United StatesSaint Louis, Missouri160.8 m528 ft4-sided
Shukhov radio Tower 1922RussiaMoscow160 m525 ft Hyperboloid structure
Luch Tower 1 [275] 1954UkraineLuch160 m525 ft4-sided
Luch Tower 2 [275] 1954UkraineLuch160 m525 ft4-sided
Torre Bruxelas [276] 1983BrazilSão Paulo160 m525 ft4-sided23°32'36.94"S 46°40'58.31"W
Tverskaya TV Tower [277] 2005RussiaTverskaya160 m525 ft4-sided
Torre da TV Bahia [278]  ?BrazilSalvador160 m525 ft4-sided
Canal Tower 4 (Tres Cruces) [279]  ?UruguayMontevideo160 m525 ft4-sided
Bell Canada Pharmacy Avenue Tower [280] 1970CanadaToronto160 m524 ft3-sided non-tapering
Ural TV Tower [281]  ?KazakhstanUralsk160 m524 ft4-sided, 3803 KM
City of Dallas Tower [282] 1983United StatesDallas, Texas159.4 m523 ft4-sided
WSAV TV Tower [273] [283] 1956United StatesSavannah, Georgia159.1 m522 ft3-sided
Chernihiv TV Tower [284] 1959UkraineChernihiv159 m522 ft4-sided
Telecomm Antenna [285]  ?BrazilRio de Janeiro159 m522 ft4-sided
To Kannondomachi TV TowerJapanKanazawa159.5 m520 ft4-sided36°35'22.37"N 136°36'28.83"E
WLLY Tower [286] [287] 1995United StatesMangonia Park, Florida158.2 m519 ft Landmark tower design
Zendmast Zichtenburg [288] 2007NetherlandsThe Hague158 m518 ft3-sided
Skytel Tower [289] [290] 2004United StatesDes Moines157.8 m518 ft3-sided
WHIO (AM) Tower [291] 1948United StatesDayton, Ohio157.6 m517 ft4-sideddemolished in 2013 [292]
CFCN TV Tower 1960CanadaCalgary157.6 m517 ft3-sided
RaTel Tower [293] 1950UkraineKyiv157 m515 ft4-sided
Tower at 47 S State Avenue [294] [295] 1991United StatesIndianapolis, Indiana155.4 m510 ft3-sided
Tower at 1220 S Acacia Avenue [296] 1994United StatesRipon, California155.4 m510 ft3-sided
Mesquite Tower 1990United StatesMesquite, Texas155.3 m509.5 ft Landmark tower design
KETV TV Tower [297] 1957United StatesOmaha, Nebraska155.1 m509 ft3-sided
RTS TV Tower1981SingaporeBukit Batok155 m509 ft4-sidedreplaced the original tower built in 1963 [298]
Torre Cultura [299] [300] 1992BrazilSão Paulo154.8 m508 ft3-sided, rotating 180 degrees on its axis 3 times
Telecomm Antenna ?BrazilRio de Janeiro155 m508 ft4-sided22°56'59.59"S 43°13'46.44"W
NOVEC Toren [301] 2005NetherlandsZwolle154.5 m507 ft3-sided
Tower at 4344 Park Heights Avenue [302] 1987United StatesBaltimore, Maryland154.5 m507 ft3-sided
Tower at 78 Veronica Avenue [303] 2013United StatesFranklin Township, New Jersey154.5 m507 ft3-sided
Washington Police Department Tower [304]  ?United StatesWashington, DC154.3 m506 ft4-sided
WSB TV Tower [305] 1975United StatesAtlanta, Georgia154.2 m506 ft3-sided
Tower at 1420 R.Americo Salgado ?BrazilCuiaba154.2 m506 ft4-sided15°35'12.57"S 56° 5'36.58"W
Old KLDT TV Tower [306] 1990United StatesLewisville, Texas153.6 m504 ft3-sided
WOAI TV Tower [307] [308] 2010United StatesSan Antonio, Texas153.3 m503 ft3-sided
TV Bandeirantes Antenna [309]  ?BrazilRio de Janeiro153.3 m503 ft4-sided
Tower at 26501 Renaissance Parkway [310] 1990United StatesCleveland, Ohio153 m502 ft3-sided
WRDW TV Tower [311] 1998United StatesAugusta, Georgia152.7 m501 ft3-sided
Tower at 1060 Gatewood Avenue [312] 2019United StatesGreensboro, North Carolina152.7 m501 ft3-sided
Original ATN TV Tower [313] 1956AustraliaSydney152 m500 ft4-sideddemolished in 1973
Croydon Transmitter 1962UKLondon, Surrey152 m500 ft4-sided
IBC Tower [314] 1978PhilippinesQuezon City152 m500 ft4-sided
Tower at 4802 Lookaway Drive [315] 1987United StatesCincinnati, Ohio152.4 m500 ft3-sided
PTV Television Transmitter [316] 1993PhilippinesQuezon City152.4 m500 ft4-sided
Tower at 1350 Howell Mill Road [317] 1995United StatesAtlanta, Georgia152.4 m500 ft3-sided
WKIX (850 AM) Tower [318] 1996United StatesCary, North Carolina152.4 m500 ft4-sided
Tower at 15 Van Dyke Avenue [319] 1999United StatesNew Brunswick, New Jersey152.4 m500 ft3-sided
Tower at 180 Freeman Avenue [320] 2000United StatesIslip, NY152.4 m500 ft3-sided
Cleveland Buckeye Terminals Tower [321] 2000United StatesCleveland, Ohio152.4 m500 ft3-sided
Tower at 1810 Jeffries [322] 2000United StatesDallas, Texas152.4 m500 ft3-sided
Susquehanna Radio Corp Tower [323] 2001United StatesDallas, Texas152.4 m500 ft3-sided
Tower at 2949 2/3 Carr Street [324] 2001United StatesHouston, Texas152.4 m500 ft3-sided
Tower at 5109 Carder Road [325] 2004United StatesOrlando, Florida152.4 m500 ft3-sided
TV Globo Digital Tower2006BrazilSão Paulo152.4 m500 ft3-sided, built on top of a buildingHeight confirmed by google earth 3 dimensional building data, location; 23°34'4.36"S 46°39'1.65"W
Tower at 5320 Shepard Drive [326] 2008United StatesHouston, Texas152.4 m500 ft3-sided
Tower at 2500 Se Loop 820 [327] 2011United StatesFort Worth, Texas152.4 m500 ft4-sided
City of Conroe Fire Dept. Tower [328] 2011United StatesSpring, Texas152.4 m500 ft3-sided
Tower at 6922 Katy Road [329] 2012United StatesHouston, Texas152.4 m500 ft3-sided
San Antonio Police Department Tower [330] 2012United StatesSan Antonio, Texas152.4 m500 ft3-sided
Indian River State College Tower [331] 2013United StatesFort Pierce, Florida152.4 m500 ft3-sided
Tower at 19 Oldham Street [332] 2017United StatesNashville, TN152.4 m500 ft3-sided
RKS Mělník-Chloumek  ?Czech RepublicMělník152 m500 ft4 sided non-taperingused for Mediumwave
RKS Dobrochov [333]  ?Czech RepublicDobrochov152 m500 ft4-sided non-taperingMediumwave
Antena Califormula Broadcasting [334]  ?MexicoTijuana152 m500 ft4-sided
Federal Hill Road Tower [335] 1970United StatesPompton Lakes, New Jersey152.1 m499 ft3-sided
WHBF TV Tower [336] 1950United StatesRock Island, Illinois152 m499 ft4-sided
WAFB TV Tower [337] 1951United StatesBaton Rouge, Louisiana152 m499 ft3-sidedsecond source lists the tower as being 475 ft tall [338]
Tower at 375 Midland Avenue [339] 1981United StatesDetroit, Michigan152 m499 ft3-sided
WMUZ Tower [340] 1985United StatesDetroit, Michigan152 m499 ft3-sided
L3Harris Technologies Tower [340] 1992United StatesKey Largo, Florida152 m499 ft3-sided
Tower at 11149 Trinity Blvd [341] 1997United StatesFort Worth, Texas152.2 m499 ft4-sided candelabra top
WFNZ-FM Tower [342] 2000United StatesCharlotte, North Carolina152.2 m499 ft3-sided
Charlotte American Tower [343] [344] 2001United StatesCharlotte, North Carolina151 m499 ft3-sided candelabra top
Tower at 14247 Old St. Augustine Road [345] 2002United StatesJacksonville, Florida152 m499 ft3-sided
Cumulus Media Tower [346] [347] 2004United StatesShreveport, Louisiana152 m499 ft Landmark tower design
WPEC TV Tower [348] 2008United StatesWest Palm Beach, Florida152 m499 ft3-sided
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 1 [349] 2009United StatesNorth Bergen, New Jersey152.1 m499 ft3-sided3 towers
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 2 [350] 2009United StatesNorth Bergen, New Jersey152.1 m499 ft3-sided
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 3 [351] 2009United StatesNorth Bergen, New Jersey152.1 m499 ft3-sided
Tower at 4098 Rolling Stone Lane [352] 2012United StatesSt. Louis, Missouri152.1 m499 ft3-sided
Tower off Schumacher Road [353] 2013United StatesSt. Louis, Missouri152.1 m499 ft3-sided
Tower at 1340 West Outer 21 Road [354] 2013United StatesSt. Louis, Missouri152.1 m499 ft3-sided
AR & JR Radio Tower [355] 2017United StatesAustin, Texas152 m499 ft3-sided candelabra top
City of Chesapeake Tower [356] [357] 2018United StatesChesapeake, Virginia152 m499 ft3-sided
City of Jackson Tower [358]  ?United StatesJackson, Mississippi152 m499 ft Landmark tower design
Tower at 2060 15th Avenue South [359] [360] 1999United StatesNashville, Tennessee151.8 m498 ft3-sided
4 Broadcast Place Tower [361] [362] 1988United StatesJacksonville, Florida151.6 m497 ft3-sided
Tower at 239 East Prairie Avenue [363] [364] 2001United StatesSt. Louis, Missouri151 m495 ft3-sided
WETA TV Tower [365]  ?United StatesArlington, Virginia151 m495 ft3-sided
Houdeng TV Tower  ?BelgiumHoudeng151 m495 ft4-sided
Tour Dégueu [366]  ?BelgiumLeglise-Anlier151 m495 ft4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars
Tower at 1450 Westpark Way [367] 1996United StatesFort Worth, Texas150.6 m494 ft4-sided candelabra top
Old Ust-Kamenogorsk TV Tower [220]  ?KazakhstanOskemen151 m494 ft4-sided, 3803 KM design, shortened
Tower at 67315 Kirkwood Heights Road [368] 2005United StatesBrookside, Ohio150.3 m493 ft3-sided
Longwave transmitter Lahti, Tower 11927FinlandLahti150 m492 fttwo towers carrying an antenna for longwave
Longwave transmitter Lahti, Tower 21927FinlandLahti150 m492 ft
RKS Liblice 1, Tower 11931Czech RepublicLiblice150 m492 ft4-sided, antenna for longwavedemolished in 2004
RKS Liblice 1, Tower 21931Czech RepublicLiblice150 m492 ft4-sided, antenna for longwavedemolished in 2004
Mannesmann Tower (Vienna) [369] 1955 Austria Vienna150 m492 ft3-sideddemolished in 1987
Vorkuta TV Tower [370] 1958RussiaVorkuta150 m492 ft4-sided, 3803 KM design, shortened
Novgorod TV Tower [371] 1958RussiaNovgorod150 m492 ft4-sided
Yokohama Media Tower [372] 1999JapanYokohama150 m492 ft4-sided non-tapering, built on top of a buildingtotal height including building is 253 m (830 ft) [373]
Halle Radio Tower 2005GermanyHalle150 m492 ft4-sided
WKVG Tower [374] 2007United StatesGreenville, South Carolina149.9 m492 ft3-sided
New Ufa TV Tower [183] 2016RussiaUfa150 m492 ft4-sided
RPN Transmitter Tower [375]  ?PhilippinesQuezon City150 m492 ft4-sided
KBC tower ?JapanFukuoka150 m492 ft4-sided33°35'45.77"N 130°23'44.05"E
NHK/Tohoku/East Japan Broadcasting Tower [376]  ?JapanSendai150 m492 ft4-sided

Electrical Pylons

List of Electrical pylons above 150 m / 500 ft in height.

View of one of the Jiangyin lattice towers, the third tallest set of Electrical pylons in the world Powerline tower in Jiangyin1.JPG
View of one of the Jiangyin lattice towers, the third tallest set of Electrical pylons in the world
Pylons of Messina formerly connected Europe to Africa, an underwater cable is used today Pylon of Torre Faro - Messina, Italy - 31 Aug. 2007.jpg
Pylons of Messina formerly connected Europe to Africa, an underwater cable is used today
Elbe Crossing 2 the tallest Electrical pylons in Germany Elbekreuzung2.jpg
Elbe Crossing 2 the tallest Electrical pylons in Germany
Chushi Powerline Crossing the tallest Electrical pylons in Japan Ookunozima-2.jpg
Chūshi Powerline Crossing the tallest Electrical pylons in Japan
400 kV Thames Crossing the tallest Electrical pylons in the United Kingdom The 400 kV Thames Crossing Kent tower.jpg
400 kV Thames Crossing the tallest Electrical pylons in the United Kingdom
TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Jintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, East Tower [17] 2019ChinaJintang Island380 m1247 ftTallest pylons in the world
Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie 2009ChinaDamao Island370 m1214 ft
Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin 2003ChinaJiangyin346.5m1137 ft
Amazonas Crossing of Tucuruí transmission line 2012BrazilAlmeirim295 m968 ftTallest electricity pylons in South America
Yangtze River crossing of Shanghai-Huainan Powerline2013ChinaGaogouzhen269.75885 ft
Pylons of Pearl River Crossing 1987ChinaPearl River253 m & 240 m830 ft & 787 ft
Orinoco River Crossing  ? Venezuela Caroní 240 m787 ft
Hooghly River Crossing  ?India Diamond Harbour 236 m774 ft
Pylons of Messina 1957ItalyMessina232 m761 ftnot used as pylons any more, 224 m not including concrete base
HVDC Yangtze River Crossing Wuhu 2003ChinaWuhu229 m751 ftTallest electricity pylons used for HVDC
Elbe Crossing 2 1976–1978GermanyStade227 m744 ft
Chūshi Powerline Crossing 1962Japan Takehara 226 m742 ftTallest electricity pylons in Japan
Daqi-Channel-Crossing 1997JapanTakehara223 m732 ft
Overhead line crossing Suez Canal 1998 Egypt 221 m725 ft
Yamen Steel Tube Tower [377] [378] 2005ChinaJiangmen215 m707 ft
Yangzi River Crossing of HVDC Xianjiaba – Shanghai [20] 2009China ???202 m663 ft
Balakovo 500 kV Wolga Crossing, Tower East  ?Russia Balakovo 197 m646 ft
LingBei-Channel-Crossing 1993JapanReihoku195 m640 ft
Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing 2 2019BelgiumAntwerpen192 m630 ftSecond crossing of Schelde River
400 kV Thames Crossing 1965UK West Thurrock 190 m623 ft
Elbe Crossing 1 1958–1962GermanyStade189 m620 ft
Kogushi Electric Power Transmission Tower [379] 1994JapanOkayama185 m607 ft
Antwerp Deurganck dok crossing 2000BelgiumAntwerpen178 m584 ftCrossing for a container quay
Línea de Transmisión Carapongo – Carabayllo2015PerúLima176 m577 ftCrossing of Rimac River
Tracy Saint Lawrence River Powerline Crossing ?CanadaTracy174.6 m573 fttallest electricity pylon in Canada
Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing [380]  ?BelgiumAntwerp170 m558 ft
Sunshine Mississippi Powerline Crossing1967United StatesSt. Gabriel, Louisiana164.6 m540 ftTallest electricity pylons in the United States
Lekkerkerk Crossing 1 1970NetherlandsLekkerkerk163 m534 ftTallest crossing in the Netherlands
Bosporus overhead line crossing III 1999TurkeyIstanbul160 m525 ft
Balakovo 500 kV Wolga Crossing, Tower West  ?Russia Balakovo 159 m522 ft
Pylons of Cadiz ?SpainCadiz158 m519 ft
Mississippi River Crossing at Montz [381] 1991United StatesMontz152.1 m499 ft
Amazonas Crossing of Tucuruí transmission line at Jurupari island2012BrazilAlmeirim150 m492 ft
Maracaibo Bay Powerline Crossing  ? Venezuela Maracaibo150 m492 ftTowers on caissons

Wind turbines

The Nowy Tomysl Wind Turbines Elektrownia wiatrowa- Nowy Tomysl.jpg
The Nowy Tomyśl Wind Turbines

Tall wind turbines supported by lattice tallest have been built almost exclusively in Germany, one of the first countries in the world to build wide spread renewable power resources. The total height includes the lattice tower and the wind turbine rotor at peak height.

List of wind turbines with a lattice tower above 150 m / 500 ft in height.

TowerYearCountryTownmetersfeetRemarks
Nowy Tomyśl Wind Turbines 2012PolandNowy Tomyśl, Poland210 m689 ft160 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 100 m
Fuhrländer Wind Turbine Laasow 2006GermanyLaasow, Brandenburg205 m673 ft160 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m
Fuhrländer Wind Turbines Spremberg 2009GermanySpremberg, Brandenburg191 m627 ft141 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 100 m, 9 units
Laubersreuth Fuhrländer Wind Turbines 2010GermanyMünchberg, Bavaria191 m627 ft141 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 100 m, 2 units
Ewiger Fuhrmann Vestas V66 Wind TurbineGermanyKreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia150 m492 ft117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m
Oyten Vestas V-66 Wind Turbines2000/2002GermanyOyten, Lower-Saxony150 m492 ft117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 2 units
Elspe Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbine2001GermanyElspe, North Rhine-Westphalia150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m,
Melle Südwind S77 Wind Turbines2001/2003GermanyMelle, Lower Saxony150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 6 units
Heisberg Südwind S77 Wind Turbine2002GermanyFreudenberg, North Rhine-Westphalia150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m,
Wallmersbach Südwind S77 Wind Turbine2002GermanyUffenheim, Bavaria150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m,
Achim Vestas V66 Wind Turbines2002GermanyAchim, Lower Saxony150 m492 ft117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 3 units
Badbergen Südwind S70\1500 wind turbines2002GermanyBadbergen, Lower-Saxony150 m492 ft114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m 12 units
Dinklage Südwind S70\1500 Wind Turbines2002GermanyDinklage, Lower Saxony150 m492 ft114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m 5 units
Beedenbostel Vestas V66 Wind Turbines2002GermanyBeedenbostel, Lower Saxony150 m492 ft117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 5 units
Büddenstedt Südwind S77 Wind Turbines2002GermanyHelmstedt, Lower Saxony150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units
Schwagstorf Südwind S70\1500 Wind Turbines2002GermanyOstercappeln, Lower Saxony150 m492 ft114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m 12 units
Kamp-Lintfort Südwind S77 Wind Turbines2003GermanyKamp-Lintfort, North Rhine-Westphalia150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units
Wetzdorf REpower MD77 Wind Turbines2003GermanyWetzdorf, Thuringia150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units
Hilgershausen Südwind S77 Wind Turbines2003/ 2004GermanyFelsberg, Hesse150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units
Kirchlinteln Vestas V66 Wind Turbines2004GermanyKirchlinteln, Lower Saxony150 m492 ft117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 4 units
Dretzen Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbines2005GermanyDretzen, Brandenburg150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 10 units
Bad Laer Nordex N90 Wind Turbine2005GermanyBad Laer, Lower Saxony150 m492 ft105 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m
Achmer Nordex N90 wind turbines2006GermanyAchmer, Lower-Saxony150 m492 ft105 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m, 9 units
Alfhausen Nordex N90 wind turbinesGermanyAlfhausen, Lower-Saxony150 m492 ft105 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m, 12 units
Nike Laakdal Wind Park 2006BelgiumLaakdal150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 6 units
Voltlage Nordex S77 wind turbines2006GermanyVoltlage, Lower-Saxony150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 7 units
Pattensen REpower MD77 Wind Turbine2007GermanyPattensen, Lower Saxony150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m
Kölkebeck REpower MD77 Wind Turbines2007GermanyKölkebeck, North Rhine-Westphalia150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units
Schorbus REpower MD77 Wind Turbines2007GermanySchorbus, Brandenburg150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units
Illerich Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbines2005GermanyIllerich, Rheinland-Pfalz150 m492 ft111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units
Glandorf Fuhrländer FL 70 Wind Turbine2003GermanyGlandorf, Lower Saxony149.5 m491 ft114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m
Wustrow Wind Turbine1989GermanyWustrow, Mecklenburg–Western Pomerania41 m135 ftFirst industrial wind turbine in former GDR, Vestas V25-200 kW wind turbine with 28.5 m tall tower and rotor diameter of 25 m

Chimneys/Smokestacks

Lu Dao Huo Li .JPG
Three lattice stacks located at the Kashima Power Station

The majority of tall lattice chimneys in the world are located in Japan. Unlike other modern developed countries which use reinforced concrete to build tall chimneys Japan has historically used steel until recently for chimney construction.

List of lattice stacks above 150 m/492 ft in height.
  indicates a structure that is no longer standing.

TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Kashima Power Station, stack 11971Japan Kashima 231 m758 ft 35°52′47″N140°41′22″E / 35.87972°N 140.68944°E / 35.87972; 140.68944
Hitachinaka Power Plant Chimney [382] [383] 2003JapanHitachinaka230 m754 ft Hyperboloid structure
Schilling Power Plant Chimney [384] 1962GermanyStade220 m722 ftDemolished in 2005
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 1 [385] BelgiumAntwerp211 m694 ft
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 2 [386] BelgiumAntwerp205 m673 ft
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 3 [387] BelgiumAntwerp204 m669 ft
Kashima Kyodo power stationJapanKashima203 m665 ft 35°56′31″N140°41′19″E / 35.94194°N 140.68861°E / 35.94194; 140.68861
JFE East Japan Works, stack 1 [388] JapanChiba201 m660 ft 35°34′21″N140°5′12″E / 35.57250°N 140.08667°E / 35.57250; 140.08667
Anegasaki Power Station, stack 1JapanAnegasaki200 m656 ft 35°29′06″N140°01′00″E / 35.48500°N 140.01667°E / 35.48500; 140.01667
Anegasaki Power Station, stack 2JapanAnegasaki200 m656 ft 35°29′06″N140°01′00″E / 35.48500°N 140.01667°E / 35.48500; 140.01667
Anegasaki Power Station, stack 3JapanAnegasaki200 m656 ft 35°29′06″N140°01′00″E / 35.48500°N 140.01667°E / 35.48500; 140.01667
West Japan Iron and Steel Works, JFE Steel Corporation [389] JapanFukuyama200 m656 ftNo. 5 Sintering Plant
Futtsu Power Station, stack 1JapanFuttsu200 m656 ft
Futtsu Power Station, stack 2JapanFuttsu200 m656 ft
Kansaidenryokuhimeji Daini Power StationJapanHimeji200 m656 ft 34°46′19″N134°41′38″E / 34.77194°N 134.69389°E / 34.77194; 134.69389
Kansaidenryokuhimeji Daiichi Power StationJapanHimeji200 m656 ft 34°46′21″N134°39′57″E / 34.77250°N 134.66583°E / 34.77250; 134.66583
Kashima Power Station, stack 2 1971JapanKashima200 m656 ft 35°52′47″N140°41′22″E / 35.87972°N 140.68944°E / 35.87972; 140.68944
Kashima Power Station, stack 3 1971JapanKashima200 m656 ft 35°52′47″N140°41′22″E / 35.87972°N 140.68944°E / 35.87972; 140.68944
Hikari Area Yamaguchi WorksJapanKashima200 m656 ft 35°55′34″N140°40′40″E / 35.92611°N 140.67778°E / 35.92611; 140.67778
Kimitsu Steel Works JapanKimitsu200 m656 ft
Kyushudenryoku Shinkokura Power Station [390] JapanKitakyushu200 m656 ft
Tobata Co-operative Thermal Power Co., Ltd. [391] JapanKitakyushu200 m656 ft
Nippon Steel Nagoya WorksJapanNagoya200 m656 ft 35°2′22″N136°52′27″E / 35.03944°N 136.87417°E / 35.03944; 136.87417
Kansai Denryoku Kanagawa Power StationJapanSennan200 m656 ft 34°19′24″N135°7′48″E / 34.32333°N 135.13000°E / 34.32333; 135.13000
Sodegaura Power Station, stack 1JapanSodegaura200 m656 ft
Sodegaura Power Station, stack 2JapanSodegaura200 m656 ft
Stadtwerketurm [392] 1967GermanyDuisburg200 m656 ftLattice section is only the upper 135 m / 443 ft, partially dismantled and no longer in use
Sinter Plant (Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Corp)JapanKitakyushu198 m649 ft 33°55′30″N130°51′3″E / 33.92500°N 130.85083°E / 33.92500; 130.85083
JFE East Japan Works, stack 2 [388] JapanChiba190 m630 ft 35°34′33″N140°5′57″E / 35.57583°N 140.09917°E / 35.57583; 140.09917
JFE East Japan Works, stack 3 [388] JapanChiba189 m628 ft 35°34′17″N140°5′16″E / 35.57139°N 140.08778°E / 35.57139; 140.08778
Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Kyushu Works Steelmaking Department [393] [ circular reference ]JapanKitakyushu189 m620 ft
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 4 [394] BelgiumAntwerp185 m607 ft
Chiba Refinery and Petrochemical Plant, stack 1 [395] JapanIchihara183 m599 ft 35°29′5″N140°2′2″E / 35.48472°N 140.03389°E / 35.48472; 140.03389
Yokkaichi Kombinato petrochemical processing facilities JapanYokkaichi182 m598 ft 34°59′0″N136°39′23″E / 34.98333°N 136.65639°E / 34.98333; 136.65639
TEPCO Goikaryoku Fuel & Power Station, stack 1JapanGoikaryoku181 m593 ft 35°32′49″N140°4′11″E / 35.54694°N 140.06972°E / 35.54694; 140.06972
Sulfuric Acid Workshop Chimney [396] 1980UkraineKonstantinovka180 m592 ftdemolished in 2018
1st Chimney of SK-46 [397] 1984UkraineZhovti Vody180 m591 ftdemolished in 2015
2nd Chimney of SK-46 [398] 1987UkraineZhovti Vody180 m591 ft
Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Kyushu Works Steelmaking Department [393] [ circular reference ]JapanKitakyushu180 m591 ft
Kashima Iron Works power stationJapanKashima180 m591 ft 35°56′49″N140°41′19″E / 35.947067°N 140.688737°E / 35.947067; 140.688737
Kainan (Hainan) Thermal Power Plant, [399] stack 1JapanKainan180 m590 ft
Kainan (Hainan) Thermal Power Plant, stack 2JapanKainan180 m590 ft
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 1JapanOsaka180 m590 ft 34°34′8″N135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 2JapanOsaka180 m590 ft 34°34′8″N135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083
Dengan Kaihatsu Takasago Karyoku Power StationJapanTakasago180 m590 ft 34°35′13″N134°45′55″E / 34.58694°N 134.76528°E / 34.58694; 134.76528
Yokosuka Thermal Power Station, stack 1JapanYokosuka City180 m591 ftDemolished in 2020
Yokosuka Thermal Power Station, stack 2JapanYokosuka City180 m591 ftDemolished in 2021
Yokosuka Thermal Power Station, stack 3JapanYokosuka City180 m591 ftDemolished in 2021
Onahama Smelting Co., Ltd [400] JapanOnahama170 m559 ft 36°56′37″N140°52′53″E / 36.94361°N 140.88139°E / 36.94361; 140.88139
West Japan Iron and Steel Works, JFE Steel Corporation [389] JapanFukuyama166 m545 ft
Chimney of UkrZinc [401] UkraineKonstantinovka165 m541 ftdemolished
Kimitsu Steel Works JapanKimitsu162 m531 ft
Osaka Refinery, stack 1JapanOsaka162 m530 ft 34°31′57″N135°24′44″E / 34.53250°N 135.41222°E / 34.53250; 135.41222
Osaka Refinery, stack 2JapanOsaka162 m530 ft 34°31′59″N135°24′32″E / 34.53306°N 135.40889°E / 34.53306; 135.40889
Nitric Acid Shop Chimney [402] UkraineSiverodonetsk155 m509 ft
JFE East Japan Works, stack 4 [388] JapanChiba151 m495 ft 35°34′41″N140°5′36″E / 35.57806°N 140.09333°E / 35.57806; 140.09333
Yutaka Chemical Mizushima PlantJapanKurashiki151 m495 ft 34°30′52″N133°43′40″E / 34.51444°N 133.72778°E / 34.51444; 133.72778
Legnica Copper Smelter [403] PolandLegnica150 m493 ft
RK Saltivska Chimney [404] 1969UkraineKharkiv150 m492 ft
Weak Nitric Acid Shop of Severodonetsk [405] UkraineSiverodonetsk150 m492 ft
West Japan Iron and Steel Works, JFE Steel Corporation [389] JapanFukuyama150 m492 ftNo. 4 Sintering Plant
Setouchi Joint Thermal Power Co., Ltd. [406] JapanFukuyama150 m492 ft
TEPCO Goikaryoku Fuel & Power Station, stack 2JapanGoikaryoku150 m492 ft 35°32′54″N140°4′21″E / 35.54833°N 140.07250°E / 35.54833; 140.07250
COSMO Oil refineryJapanGoikaryoku150 m492 ft 35°32′31″N140°4′34″E / 35.54194°N 140.07611°E / 35.54194; 140.07611
Chiba Refinery, Kyokuto Petroleum or JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, stack 1JapanIchihara150 m492 ft 35°30′58″N140°2′48″E / 35.51611°N 140.04667°E / 35.51611; 140.04667
Chiba Refinery, Kyokuto Petroleum or JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, stack 2JapanIchihara150 m492 ft 35°30′59″N140°2′58″E / 35.51639°N 140.04944°E / 35.51639; 140.04944
Chiba Refinery and Petrochemical Plant, stack 2JapanIchihara150 m492 ft 35°29′11″N140°2′11″E / 35.48639°N 140.03639°E / 35.48639; 140.03639
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 3JapanOsaka150 m492 ft 34°34′8″N135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 4JapanOsaka150 m492 ft 34°34′8″N135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 5JapanOsaka150 m492 ft 34°34′8″N135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 6JapanOsaka150 m492 ft 34°34′8″N135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E / 34.56889; 135.44083
Flarestick 4 of PKN Orlen [407] 2009PolandPlock147 m481 ft

Oil Platforms

List of oil platforms with a steel jacket above 300 m / 1000 ft in height.

NameYearBuilt inCurrent locationHeight mHeight ftTypeRemarks
Petronius Compliant Tower 2000United States Gulf of Mexico 6402,100Compliant towerTallest freestanding structure in the world 2000-2008
Baldpate Compliant Tower 1998United States Gulf of Mexico 581.51,908Compliant towerTallest freestanding structure in the world 1998-2000
Bullwinkle Platform 1989United States Gulf of Mexico 5291,736Truss towerTallest fixed/rigged freestanding structure built in water
Benguela-Belize Lobito-Tomboco Platform [6] 2008United States Congo basin 5121,680Compliant tower
Pompano Platform 1994United States Gulf of Mexico 4771,565Truss tower
Tombua Landana platform [9] 2009United States Congo basin 4741,554 Compliant tower
Coelacanth Platform [14] 2016United States Gulf of Mexico 4001,312Truss tower
Cognac Platform [15] 1977United States Gulf of Mexico 385.51,265Fixed truss tower
Harmony Platform [12] 1992South Korea [13] California3661,200Fixed truss towerheight is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform
Hondo Platform [19] 1976United States Gulf of Mexico 354.51,163Truss tower
Virgo Platform [12] 1999United States Gulf of Mexico 3441,130Truss towerheight is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform
Cerveza Platform [21] 1981United States Gulf of Mexico 3271,073Truss tower
Cerveza Light Platform [21] 1981United States Gulf of Mexico 3271,073Truss tower
Heritage Platform [12] 1992South Korea [13] California3261,070Truss towerheight is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform
Amberjack Platform [12] 1991United States Gulf of Mexico 3141,030Truss towerheight is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform

Jackup Rigs

List of jackup rigs above 150 m (490 ft) in height.

NameYearCountryHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Noble Lloyd Noble [408] 214 m702 ft
XL Enhanced (XLE), Ultra Harsh Environment jackup [409] 2016206.8 m678 ft4 vessels
Cat J super-rigs [410] 198 m650 ft

Pillars of aerial tramways

TramwayYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
New Eibsee Aerial Tramway Pylon [411] 2017GermanyGrainau127.1 m417 ft
Glacial Aerial Tramway Kaprun III 1966AustriaKaprun113.6 m372 ft
Torre Jaume I 1931SpainBarcelona107 m351 ftIntermediate stop, also observation tower
Gant Hohtaelli Aerial Tramway ?SwitzerlandZermatt94 m308 ft
Old Eibsee Aerial Tramway pylon 11962GermanyGarmisch-Partenkirchen85 m279 ftDemolished in 2017 and replaced by a taller single pylon
3S Aerial Tramway 2004AustriaKitzbühel80 m262 ft
Torre Sant Sebastia 1931SpainBarcelona78 m256 ftTerminal of harbour aerial tramway of Barcelona Spain
Wendelstein Aerial Tramway 1970GermanyBischofsmais75 m246 ft
Sandia Peak Tramway 1965United StatesAlbuquerque70.7 m232 ftinclined in an angle of 18 degree
Old Eibsee Aerial Tramway pylon 21962GermanyGarmisch-Partenkirchen65 m213 ftDemolished in 2017 and replaced by a taller single pylon

Rides

List of amusement park rides that make use of a steel lattice tower above 100 m / 328 ft in height.

TowerYearCountryTownTheme ParkHeight mHeight ftManufacturer
Kingda Ka & Zumanjaro: Drop of Doom 2005United StatesJackson, New Jersey Six Flags Great Adventure 139 m456 ft Intamin
Top Thrill Dragster 2003United StatesSandusky, Ohio Cedar Point 128 m420 ft Intamin
Superman: Escape from Krypton 1997United StatesSanta Clarita, California Six Flags Magic Mountain 126.5 m415 ft Intamin
Texas SkyScreamer 2013United StatesArlington, Texas Six Flags Over Texas 122 m400 ft Funtime
Eclipse [412] 2013SwedenStockholm Gröna Lund 121.9 m400 ft Funtime
Highlander 2019GermanySierksdorf Hansa-Park 120 m394 ft Funtime
La Venganza del Enigma SpainMadrid Parque Warner Madrid 115 m377 ft S&S Worldwide
Red Force 2017SpainCatalonia Ferrari Land 112 m367 ft Intamin
Donjon de l'Extrême FranceDolancourt Nigloland 105 m345 ft Funtime

Monuments

TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Trylon and Perisphere 1939United StatesNew York City186 m610 ftMonument built for the 1939 New York World's Fair, demolished in 1941 [413]
Ring of Life [414] 2012ChinaFushun157 m515 ft
Torre del Reformador 1935GuatemalaGuatemala City75 m246 ft
Gate Tower Clio1990NetherlandsGroningen43 m141 ft
Shall we Dance2007NetherlandsDoetinchem37 m121 ft
Zauberlehrling2013GermanyOberhausen35 m115 ft
Mount Gorbea summit cross 1907SpainMount Gorbea17.2 m89 ft

Lighthouses

TowerYearCountryTownmetersfeet
Recalada a Bahía Blanca Light 1906ArgentinaMonte Hermoso67220
Campen Lighthouse 1889GermanyKrummhörn65.3214
Adziogol Lighthouse 1911UkraineRybalche64211
Carysfort Reef Light 1852United StatesKey Largo, Florida36.6120
The Duga radar array DUGA Radar Array near Chernobyl, Ukraine 2014.jpg
The Duga radar array

Other uses

TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Sky Ride, East tower1933United StatesChicago191 m628 ftattraction built for the 1933 World's Fair, demolished on Aug 29 1935
Sky Ride, West tower1933United StatesChicago191 m628 ftdemolished in 1933
George Washington Bridge, East tower1931United StatesNew York184 m604 ft
George Washington Bridge, West tower1931United StatesNew York184 m604 ft
Meteorological Towers of Høvsøre Wind Turbine Test Centre, Tower 1 [415] 2004DenmarkBøvlingbjerg165 m541 ftused for wind measurements (a measurement tower)
Meteorological Towers of Høvsøre Wind Turbine Test Centre, Tower 2 [415] 2004DenmarkBøvlingbjerg165 m541 ftused for wind measurements
Arts Centre Melbourne 1996AustraliaMelbourne162 m532 ftperforming arts centre, rebuilt, height includes building structure at base, original lattice tower completed in 1981 was 115m
Panmunjom Flagpole 2009North KoreaPeace Village160 m525 ft Flagpole
Duga radar 1976UkraineChernihiv150 m492 ftOver-the-horizon radar, comprising 17 towers
Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center [416] 2010KazakhstanNur-Sultan150 m492 fEntertainment Center, glass dome structurally supported by an internal 3-legged lattice structure [417]
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, tower 12014United StatesCalifornia139.9 m459 ft Solar power tower
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, tower 22014United StatesCalifornia139.9 m459 ft Solar power tower
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, tower 32014United StatesCalifornia139.9 m459 ft Solar power tower
Zeitzeichensender Pragins I [418] 1931SwitzerlandPrangins125 m410 ftused to broadcast Time Signal
Zeitzeichensender Pragins II [419] 1931SwitzerlandPrangins125 m410 ftused to broadcast Time Signal
Oak Ridge DOE Reservation Water TowerUnited StatesTennessee111 m365 ft Water tank, demolished August 3, 2013 [420] possibly the tallest traditional steel water tower built
Rattling Brook Power Plant Surge Tank [421] 1958CanadaJackson's Arm94.75 m311 ft Surge tank, tallest steel plate structure in the world when built
Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Water TowerCanadaChalk River91.5 m300 ft Water tank, demolished June 3, 2017 [422]
John Hart Dam Surge Tank 11947CanadaVancouver Island90 m295 ft Surge tank
John Hart Dam Surge Tank 21947CanadaVancouver Island90 m295 ft Surge tank, demolished July 25, 2019 [423]
John Hart Dam Surge Tank 31947CanadaVancouver Island90 m295 ft Surge tank, demolished July 12, 2019 [424]
Parachute Tower Katowice 1937PolandKatowice75 m246 ft Parachute tower
Eindhoven Water Towers 1970NetherlandsEindhoven43 m142 ft Water tower

Wooden lattice towers

Radio Tower Gliwice is the tallest wooden lattice tower in the world Gliwice Radiostacja DSC 9386.jpg
Radio Tower Gliwice is the tallest wooden lattice tower in the world

Existing towers

TowerYearCountryTownPinnacle heightRemarks
Radio Tower Gliwice 1935PolandGliwice118 mMuseum on Radio History and Visual Arts
Randsburg Wash Target Test Towers 1951United StatesNaval Air Weapons Station China Lake109.73 mTwo towers, used for hanging up targets for guided missiles
Rottenbuch Radio Tower 2002GermanyPeiting66 mTower for directional radio and mobile phone services
Tour du Millénaire 2001BelgiumGedinne60 minteresting design
Himmelsglück Observation Tower2021GermanySchömberg55 mobservation tower
Aalborgtårnet 1933DenmarkAalborg54.9 mobservation tower
Aerial test facility Brück 1963GermanyBrück54 mTwo towers of different design
Torre de Herveo 1922Colombia Manizales 52 mformer support structure of aerial tramway
Observation Tower Blumenthal 2004GermanyBlumenthal45 mobservation tower
Copenhagen Zoo Tower1905DenmarkCopenhagen43.5observation tower
Chuderhüsi Tower 2001SwitzerlandRöthenbach42 mobservation tower
Teltschik Tower 2001GermanyWilhelmsfeld41 mobservation tower
Veitsch Mount of Olives Pilgrims Cross 2004AustriaVeitsch40.6 mobservation tower
Wil Tower 2006SwitzerlandWil38 mobservation tower
Raiffeisen Observation Tower 1990GermanyAldorf35 mobservation tower
Oberpfalz Tower 2000Germany Platte 35 mobservation tower
Loorenkopf Observation Tower1954SwitzerlandZurich33 mobservation tower
Ossinger Tower 2013GermanyOssinger mountain32 mobservation tower
Eugen-Keidel Tower 1981GermanySchauinsland mountain31 mobservation tower
Atzelberg Tower 1980GermanyKelkheim30.39 mobservation tower
Fire observation Tower Rennbeck ?GermanyOer30 mfire observation tower
Idarkopf Tower 1980GermanyIdarkopf28 mobservation tower
Hohenmirsberg Observation Tower 2008GermanyPottenstein28 mobservation tower
Höhbeck Observation Tower2008GermanyHöhbeck26 mobservation tower
Loth Tower 2003SwitzerlandMagglingen25 mobservation tower
Salzkopfturm 1975GermanySalzkopf24 mobservation tower
Observation Tower Burgstall 2000AustriaKirchberg/Donau24 mobservation tower
Krawutschke Tower 1972GermanyBurgberg13 mobservation tower

Destroyed Wooden lattice towers

TowerYearCountryTownPinnacle heightDate of demolitionRemarks
Transmission Tower Mühlacker 1934GermanyMühlacker190 mApril 6, 1945
Transmitter Berlin-Tegel 1933GermanyBerlin165 mDecember 16, 1948
Sendeturm Ismaning 1932GermanyIsmaning163 mMarch 16, 1983
Sendeturm Langenberg 1934GermanyVelbert-Langenberg160 mOctober 10, 1935destroyed by a tornado
Sendeturm Wiederau 1935GermanyWiederau150 mOctober 27, 1953
Sendeturm Hamburg-Billstedt 1934GermanyHamburg145 mSeptember 1949
Transmitter Żórawina 1932GermanyŻórawina, Poland140 mFall 1990
Transmitter Nuremberg-Kleinreuth 1935GermanyNuremberg124 mJuly 12, 1961
Madona Radio Towers 1932 Latvia Madona116 m1944
Transmitter Heilsberg 1935GermanyLidzbark Warmiński, Poland115 m1940
Freiburg-Lehen transmitter 1933GermanyFreiburg107 mApril 21, 1945
Heiligenstock transmitter 1934GermanyFrankfurt/Main107 mMarch 25, 1945
Transmitter Koblenz 1934GermanyKoblenz107 m1965
Transmitter Trier 1935GermanyTrier107 m1948
Transmitter Heilsberg 1930GermanyLidzbark Warmiński, Poland102 m1935Two towers
Reichenbach transmitter 1937GermanyReichenbach/Oberlausitz100 mMay 7, 1945
Golm transmitter 1948GermanyGolm100 mOctober 25, 1979
Latting Observatory 1853United StatesNew York City96 m1856Observation tower, destroyed by a fire
Stettin Radio Tower 1934Poland Szczecin 93 m1945
Utbremen Radio Tower 1933Germany Bremen 90 m1939destroyed by lightning
Flensburg Radio Tower 1928GermanyFlensburg90 m1957
Pillar of Mittersill goods aerial tramway194?AustriaMittersill80 m195?Aerial tramway support pillar of goods aerial tramway, which never went in service
Stadelheim Transmitter 1926GermanyMunich-Stadelheim75 m1930sTwo towers
Chain Home Reception Towers1939UKmultiple locations73.15 m1945–1960
Cricklade Radio Tower1967United KingdomCricklade73.15 mJanuary 26, 2000
Wood Transmitting Tower Zeesen 1931GermanyZeesen70 m1939
Reception Tower Utlandshörn 1935GermanyUtlandshörn65 m1977
Towers of South Wellfleet Marconi Wireless Station 1902United StatesSouth Wellfleet, Massachusetts64 m19204 towers [425]
Towers of Königsberg Air Traffic Control Centre1926RussiaKaliningrad63 m1945Two towers
Palatine Transmitter 1926GermanyKaiserslautern60 m1945Two towers
Huizen transmitter 1937NetherlandsHuizen60 m1940
Central mast of Boguchwala transmitter 1953PolandBoguchwala60 m1957
Holmudden Radar Tower 1948SwedenHolmudden?1958
Wardenclyffe Tower 1899United StatesShoreham57 m1917
Wiesbaden Bismarck Tower 1910GermanyWiesbaden50 m1918
Sahlenburg Marine Radio Station 1937GermanyCuxhaven50 m1967/1970Three towers, two demolished in 1967, third tower demolished in 1970
Stolp transmitter 1938/1939PolandDębnica Kaszubska50 m19557 towers
Jelenia Góra transmitter1957PolandJelenia Góra47 m1967
Towers of triangle antenna Langenberg 1935GermanyVelbert-Langenberg45 mApril 12, 1945Three towers
Goethe Tower 1931GermanyFrankfurt-Sachsenhausen43 mOctober 12, 2017Destroyed in a fire
Bayreuth transmitter, T-antenna194?GermanyBayreuth40 m19542 towers in a distance of 70 metres
Augsburg-Hochzoll transmitter194?GermanyAugsburg40 m19522 towers
Kempten-Engelshalde Transmitter 1951GermanyKempten40 m1956Two towers
Heusweiler Mast 1 1935GermanyHeusweiler35 mMarch 17, 1945
Schneeberg Air Force Tower1938GermanyBischofsgrün35 m1942
Heusweiler Mast 2 1935GermanyHeusweiler31 mMarch 17, 1945
Holzbergturm 2005Germany Malente 28 m2017observation tower

Tallest lattice towers, by design type

List of the tallest lattice towers by common(min 5) design types.

design Typetotal builtNameYearBuilt inCity/locationHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Compliant tower(Oil Platform)5 Petronius Compliant Tower 2000United States Gulf of Mexico 6402,100tallest lattice tower of any type,
Additionally supported by a solid core, Concreteunknown >10 Tokyo Skytree 2012Japan Sumida, Tokyo 6342,080tallest lattice tower of any type built on land
Self-supported steel truss of any typeunknown Bullwinkle Platform 1989United States Gulf of Mexico 5291,736tallest fixed/rigged freestanding steel-only truss structure built on land or sea
Additionally supported by a solid core, Steelunknown >10 Kyiv TV Tower 1973 Ukraine Kyiv3851,263
Hydro PylonsthousandsJintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, East & West towers2019ChinaJintang Island3801,247tallest pylons in the world
4-sided steel lattice tower(land-based)thousands Tokyo Tower 1957JapanTokyo3331,093
3-sided steel lattice towerthousands WITI TV Tower 1962United StatesShorewood, Wisconsin329.41,081
Landmark tower 10 Star Tower 1991United StatesCincinnati, Ohio290.8 m954 ft
Hyperboloid structure >10Perm TV Tower2016RussiaPerm275 m902 ft
Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars5 Grodno TV Tower 1984BelarusGrodno254 m833 fttallest freestanding structure in Belarus
Annapolis type 40~ Lafayette transmitter, Towers 1-81918FranceMarcheprime250 m820 ftdemolished in 1944 & 1953
Non-taperingunknown >100Noble Lloyd Noble(Oil Platform)214 m702 ftall lattice towers above this height use a tapering design
3803 KM design83Edineţ TV Tower & Rezeknes TV Tower ?LatviaEdineţ & Rezeknes204 m669 ft
Wooden lattice towerunknown >100 Transmission Tower Mühlacker 1934Germany190 m623 ftdemolished in 1945, tallest structure ever built out of wood

Unique lattice tower designs. Minimum height of 120 m / 400 ft.
  indicates a structure that is no longer standing.

Hyperboloid structures

TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Perm TV tower [42] 2016RussiaPerm275 m902 ft
Moscow Octod Tower 2006RussiaMoscow258 m846 ft
Hitachinaka Power Plant Chimney [382] [383] 2003JapanHitachinaka230 m754 ftLattice chimney
Orion Tower [87] [88] 2001RussiaSamara201 m660 ft
Radio Mast at Krupskoi Street [218] 2003RussiaPerm180 m591 ft
Shukhov radio Tower 1922RussiaMoscow160 m525 ft
Pylons of Cádiz, west tower1960SpainCádiz158 m518 ftElectrical pylons
Pylons of Cádiz, east tower1960SpainCádiz158 m518 ftElectrical pylons
Shukhov tower on the Oka River, west tower1929Russia Dzerzhinsk 128 m420 ftElectrical pylons
Shukhov tower on the Oka River, east tower1929Russia Dzerzhinsk 128 m420 ftElectrical pylons, demolised in May 2005.
Gettysburg National Tower 1974United States Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 120 m394 ftdemolished on July 3, 2000

Landmark towers

TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Star Tower 1991United StatesCincinnati, Ohio291 m954 ftTallest Landmark tower ever built, assembled by helicopter
Hughes Memorial Tower 1989United StatesWashington, DC232 m761 ftTallest structure in Washington DC
Yiye Avila Tower 1991United StatesUtuado, Puerto Rico167 m548 ftTallest freestanding structure in Puerto Rico. Collapsed during Hurricane Maria
WLLY Tower [286] [287] 1995 [426] United StatesMangonia Park, Florida158.2 m519 ft
Mesquite Tower 1990United StatesMesquite, Texas155.3 m509.5 ft
Cumulus Media Tower [346] [347] <2002United StatesShreveport, Louisiana152 m499 ft
Tower at 3551 J.R. Lynch Street (Extension) [358] <1996United StatesJackson, Mississippi152 m499 ft
Telecourier Communications Tower [427] 1989United StatesBloomington, Illinois152 m418 ft

Blaw-Knox towers

TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Lakihegy Tower 1946HungarySzigetszentmiklós-Lakihegy314 m1030 ftThe current tower is a rebuild of the original tower which was constructed in 1933 but destroyed at the end of World War II. [428]
Liblice Blaw-Knox Radio Mast [429] 1936Czech RepublicLiblice280.40 m920 ftdemolished on October 17, 1972
WSM Tower1932United StatesNashville, Tennessee246 m808 ftThe first Blaw-Knox tower ever built, originally 267 m (874 ft) in height
WLW Tower1934United StatesCincinnati, Ohio227 m747 ftOriginally 253 m (831 ft) in height
Vakarel Blaw-Knox Radio Mast [430] 1937BulgariaElin Pelin215705 ftdemolished on September 16, 2020 [431]
WBT Tower 11934United StatesCharlotte, North Carolina130 m426 ftThree towers in total, one original, two reproductions from the original plans after the originals were destroyed by Hurricane Hugo in 1989.
WBT Tower 21989United StatesCharlotte, North Carolina130 m426 ft
WBT Tower 31989United StatesCharlotte, North Carolina130 m426 ft
WADO Tower [432] 1934United StatesCarlstadt, New Jersey129 m424 ftDemolished on October 17, 1999
LVRTC Riga Blaw Knox Radiator [433] 1947LatviaRiga125 m410 ftDemolished in 2010
WFEA Tower [434] 1931United StatesManchester, New Hampshire121 m396 ft

Top guyed lattice towers

TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Grodno TV Tower 1984BelarusGrodno254 m833 ftTallest freestanding structure in Belarus
Vitebsk TV Tower 1983BelarusVitebsk244 m801 ft
Astara TV Tower 1981Republic of AzerbaijanAstara243.84 m800 ft
Wavre Transmitter 1983BelgiumWavre232 m761 ftTallest lattice tower in Belgium
Tour Dégueu [366]  ?BelgiumLeglise-Anlier151 m495 ft

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KVLY-TV mast</span> Television-transmitting mast in Blanchard, North Dakota

The KVLY-TV mast is a television-transmitting mast in Blanchard, North Dakota. It is used by Fargo station KVLY-TV and KXJB-LD's Argusville/Valley City/Mayville translator K28MA-D, along with KNGF. Completed in 1963, it was once the tallest structure in the world, and stood at 2,063 feet until 2019, when the top mount VHF antenna was removed for the FCC spectrum repack, dropping the height to 1,987 feet (605.6 m).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tbilisi TV Broadcasting Tower</span> Telecommunications in Tbilisi, Georgia

Georgia Tbilisi TV Broadcasting Tower is a free-standing tower structure used for communications purposes. The tower is located in Tbilisi, Georgia and was built in 1972. The preceding structure, built in 1955, was moved to the vicinity of the city of Gori.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dudelange Radio Tower</span> Steel lattice television tower in Dudelange

The Dudelange Radio Tower is a 285-meter (935 ft) high freestanding steel framework FM radio and television transmission tower, also called a lattice tower, with a triangular cross section located near Dudelange in Luxembourg. When completed in 1957 the Dudelange Radio Tower was the tallest structure in Luxembourg and the fourth tallest lattice tower in the world after the Tokyo, Eiffel and KCTV towers. It remains the tallest freestanding structure in Luxembourg today and the 5th tallest structure overall in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blaw-Knox tower</span>

The Blaw-Knox company was an American manufacturer of steel structures and construction equipment based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The company is today best known for its radio towers, most of which were constructed during the 1930s in the United States. Although Blaw-Knox built many kinds of towers, the term Blaw-Knox tower usually refers to the company's unusual "diamond cantilever" design, which is stabilized by guy wires attached only at the vertical center of the mast, where its cross-section is widest. During the 1930s AM radio broadcasting stations adopted single mast radiator antennas, and the Blaw-Knox design was the first type used. A 1942 advertisement claims that 70% of all radio towers in the United States at the time were built by Blaw-Knox.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mesquite Tower</span>

Mesquite Tower is a free-standing lattice tower located in Mesquite, Texas, United States, that is 510 feet (155 m) tall. It is the tallest structure in the city and a well known local landmark. The tower features a unique design called a Landmark or Adelphon tower and was built in 1990. It stands between West Mesquite High School and Memorial Stadium. Owned by the Mesquite Independent School District, it is a 61,000 watt radio tower used by the radio station KEOM which is operated by the school district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moscow Octod Tower</span> Steel lattice television tower in Moscow

Moscow Octod Tower is a 258 metres (846 ft) tall lattice tower in Moscow, Russia. The Moscow Octod Tower is a lattice tower used for FM- and TV-transmission in an unusual octagonal cross section, it is one of the tallest Hyperboloid structures in the world. Construction work on Moscow Octod Tower started in 2004. It was completed in 2006. The owner of the tower is the broadcasting company "Octod". The company and tower are situated on the territory of the former "October radio center." The address is "Demyana Bednogo str. 24, Khoroshevo-Mnyovniki district," in the western part of Moscow.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3803 KM</span>

3803 KM is the designation of a free-standing lattice tower used for broadcasting purposes, which was built in over 80 towns of former Soviet Union from 1955 to 1972 and used for FM- and TV-broadcasting. Towers of this type, which was developed by the Soviet Institute for Steel Construction, are 4-side freestanding truss towers which make use of tubular steel columns for their main supports beams and can be differentiated from more recent towers of a similar profile by this unique feature. Most newer Russian designs along with their North American and European counterparts typical make use of L or T-beams instead. Another distinct feature of these towers is that they gradually taper wider towards the base at the same preset intervals. They are also nearly universally identical in height, with a few exceptions these towers are 180 meters tall to the top of the steel framework. Most of which are topped with broadcast antennas that adds some additional height and they have platforms at the 140 and 148 metres level for more antennas. Some 3803 KM only have a signal upper platform, but are otherwise identical in design.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WKRQ Tower</span> Steel lattice television tower in Cincinnati, Ohio

The WKRQ Tower is a free-standing lattice tower with triangular cross section used by WKRQ and WKRC-TV as well as several other radio stations located in Cincinnati, Ohio. The tower was built in the early 1960s a period when numerous tall free standing steel lattice towers were being built across the United States including the WCPO TV Tower, the Turner Broadcasting Tower, the WHDH-TV Tower and the WITI TV Tower. The tower stands 294.6 m (967 ft) tall and WKRC's nickname in the 1960s was "Tall 12", a reference to the station's tower which is the tallest in Cincinnati.

References

  1. 1 2 "Shell Will Build Skyscraper-Sized Oil Rig". The New York Times. 13 December 1975. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Popular Science". January 1981. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  3. "Into the abyss – the world's deepest offshore oil rigs". 11 October 2011. Archived from the original on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  4. "Japan finishes Tokyo Sky Tree". www.mmtimes.com. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  5. "The Story of TOKYO SKYTREE® Manga Design Guide | TOKYO SKYTREE". Archived from the original on 2021-07-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  6. 1 2 "Chevron Announces First Oil Production from Benguela-Belize Development, Deepwater Block 14, Offshore Angola | Chevron Corporation". Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  7. "StackPath". February 2006. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  8. "Charting New Waters: Decommissioning of Deepwater Structures". 9 March 2013. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  9. 1 2 "Tombua-Landana Project - Offshore Technology | Oil and Gas News and Market Analysis". Offshore Technology. Archived from the original on 2021-12-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  10. 1 2 "StackPath". December 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  11. "Heerema Marine Contractors | Projects". Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fry, R.K.; Rhude, D.E. (1988). "Fabrication of the Harmony and Heritage Jackets for 1,200 and 1,075 Ft of Water in California's Santa Barbara Channel". Offshore Technology Conference. doi:10.4043/5773-MS. Archived from the original on 2018-06-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  14. 1 2 "Coelacanth Project - Walter Oil & Gas Corporation". Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  15. 1 2 "Oil Rig – A-Cognac". 12 September 2017. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  16. "China begins construction of world's highest power pylon". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 3 October 2017. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  17. 1 2 "World's tallest electricity towers undergo final check in China". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-05.
  18. "Tashkent TV Tower, Sights of Uzbekistan, Sights of Tashkent, The restaurant "Koinot"". Archived from the original on 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  19. 1 2 "Exxon Nears Completion of Deepest Offshore Rig". The New York Times. 10 November 1976. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  20. 1 2 CS Tower. "Projects – CS Tower – A leading Steel Tower Manufacturer in the World". Archived from the original on 2020-02-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. 1 2 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. Campbell, Matt (13 November 2018). "Will the KCTV5 tower ever light up the KC skyline again? We answer your KCQ". Kansas City Star . Archived from the original on 13 November 2018.
  24. 1 2 "TV-Tower, Foshan | 133807". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  25. 1 2 "乌鲁木齐广播电台 / Radio stations in Ürümqi, China — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  26. "Torre de TV de Brasília, Brasília | 119903". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  27. 1 2 "长春广播电台 / Radio stations in Changchun, China — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  28. 1 2 "Guangdong TV Tower, Guangzhou". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on 2020-07-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  29. "Dalian Radio & TV Tower, Dalian". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  30. "News Release | TAKENAKA CORPORATION". Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  31. "Elitch Gardens Observation Tower, Denver | 220420". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-01-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  32. "Architectural plans of Morecambe Tower - Archives Hub". Archived from the original on 2021-06-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  33. "Special". Archived from the original on 2021-05-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  34. 1 2 "Eiffel Tower, Paris". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  35. "Eiffel Tower key stats : The Tower in numbers". 30 October 2017. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  36. "Guyed tower". 22 January 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  37. "Doordarshan, AIR tower lying defunct, yet to rule air waves in Amritsar". Archived from the original on 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  38. "Government move to reduce height of AIR tower draws flak". Archived from the original on 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  39. "Here's why AIR bid to check Pakistan's radio propaganda in Punjab is doomed to fail". 24 September 2018. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  40. "Tilted radio tower yet to be rectified". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  41. "AIR's 12-hour Urdu service goes off air, listeners want it back". Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 "Радиостанции в Перми, Россия / Radio stations in Perm, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  43. Rirdan, Daniel (2012). The Blueprint: Averting Global Collapse. Daniel Rirdan. ISBN   9781470135881. Archived from the original on 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  44. "RCTI Rajawali Citra TV - Jakarta, Indonesia". Archived from the original on 2021-06-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  45. "Radio stations in Volgograd, Russia". Radiomap.eu. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  46. "Lafayette transmitter, Marcheprime | 1225903". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  47. "The transmitter sites of Radio Television Luxembourg". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  48. "The antenna site | luxembourg | transmitter site junglinster - rue de la radio - history". Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  49. "Novodnistrovsk TV Tower, Dunaivtsi | 1292877 | EMPORIS" (in French). Emporis.fr. Archived from the original on 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  50. "Hanoi TV Tower, Hanoi | 1248060". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  51. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  52. "TV Tower". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  53. "Yakutsk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage Forum". Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  54. "Birobidzhan TV Tower, Birobidjan". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  55. https://line.17qq.com/article/ipbbioejz.html [ permanent dead link ]
  56. "TCN 9 Television Tower, Sydney | 1249928". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  57. "Marr & Mirvac Remove First Section of Iconic Tv Tower". 11 August 2021.
  58. "Willoughby TV tower being removed by engineers | 7NEWS". YouTube.
  59. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  60. "Royal Thai Army - TV5". Archived from the original on 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  61. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  62. "History | RPO Sahiwal". Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  63. "Melitopol Retransmitter Tower, Melitopol - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  64. "Deyang TV Tower, Deyang". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  65. "Channel 7/10 TV Tower, Sydney | 1249967 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  66. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  67. "WTTG Tower, Washington - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  68. "Mariupol TV Tower, Mariupol - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  69. "Радиостанции в Златоусте, Россия / Radio stations in Zlatoust, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  70. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  71. "Bol d'Air TV Tower, Seraing | 1225962 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  72. "Радиостанции в Череповце, Россия / Radio stations in Cherepovets, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  73. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Seattle | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  74. "Khmelnytsky TV-tower, Khmelnytskyi - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  75. "Радиостанции в Архангельске, Россия / Radio stations in Arkhangelsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  76. "Cimişlia TV Tower, Cimişlia - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  77. 1 2 3 4 "Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission Towers, Novosemeykino - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  78. 1 2 3 4 "Novosemeykino Transmission Towers (Novosemeykino)". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  79. "Cesvaine TV Tower, Cesvaine - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  80. "Edineţ TV Tower, Edineţ - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  81. 1 2 "Valmieras TV Tower, Valmieras - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  82. "Antananarivo TV Tower, Antananarivo - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  83. "Klaipeda Radio and Television Station, Klaipeda - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  84. "Daugavpils TV Tower, Daugavpils - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  85. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  86. "Brisbane Channel 10 TV Tower, Brisbane - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  87. 1 2 "Samara TRK-Orion Tower, Samara | 1258243 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  88. 1 2 "Orion Tower in Samara, Russian Federation". 25 January 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  89. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  90. "Gomel TV Tower, Homel - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  91. "Kirovohrad TV Tower, Kropyvnytskyi - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2018-09-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  92. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  93. "Радиостанции в Выборге, Россия / Radio stations in Vyborg, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  94. "Khust TV Tower, Khust - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2018-09-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  95. "Olevsk Communication Tower, Olevsk - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  96. "VRT Zendmast Genk, Genk | 1225965 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  97. "Ciurel Telecommunications Tower, Bucharest - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  98. "TV5 Transmitter Tower, Quezon City | 1209071 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  99. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  100. "Drawings of Krasnoyarsk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  101. 1 2 "Радиостанции в Красноярске, Россия / Radio stations in Krasnoyarsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  102. "Drawings of Odessa TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  103. "Радиостанции в Новосибирске, Россия / Radio stations in Novosibirsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  104. "Радиостанции в Воронеже, Россия / Radio stations in Voronezh, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-04-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  105. "Transamérica, Sao Paulo - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  106. "Drawings of Krasnodar TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  107. "Ռադիոկայաններ Երեւանում / Radio stations in Yerevan, Armenia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-10-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  108. "Радиостанции в Челябинске, Россия / Radio stations in Chelyabinsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  109. "Drawings of Penza Television Centre Transmitter - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  110. "Drawings of Rostov TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  111. "Радиостанции в Ростове-на-Дону, Россия / Radio stations in Rostov-na-Donu, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  112. "Радиостанции в Омске, Россия / Radio stations in Omsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  113. "Drawings of Pärnu TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  114. "Drawings of Cherkaska TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  115. "Drawings of Bilopillia TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  116. "Drawings of Trostianets TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  117. "Drawings of Ivano-Frankivsk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  118. 1 2 "Drawings of Tour émettrice de Mulhouse-Belvédère, Mulhouse - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  119. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  120. "Bryansk TV Tower, Bryansk | 1257195 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  121. "Drawings of Dnipropetrovsk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  122. "Drawings of Lugansk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  123. "Drawings of TV Tower in Kamenske - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  124. "Karaganda TV Tower, Qaragandy - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-07-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  125. "Drawings of Mykolaiv TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  126. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  127. "Улаанбаатар радиостанц / Radio stations in Ulan Bator, Mongolia — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  128. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  129. "Tallinn TV Mast, Tallinn - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  130. "Drawings of Yekaterinburg TV Tower (Old) - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  131. "Drawings of Donetsk TV Tower 1 - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  132. "Communication Tower, Baku | 103588 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  133. "Радиостанции в Иркутске, Россия / Radio stations in Irkutsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  134. "Drawings of Murmansk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  135. "Drawings of Lviv TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  136. "Drawings of Simferopol TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  137. "Радиостанции в Ульяновске, Россия / Radio stations in Ulyanovsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  138. "Drawings of Zaporizhzhya TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  139. "Радиостанции в Липецке, Россия / Radio stations in Lipetsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  140. "Радиостанции в Благовещенске, Россия / Radio stations in Blagoveshchensk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  141. "Радиостанции в Абакане, Россия / Radio stations in Abakan, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  142. "Алматыда радиолар / Radio stations in Almaty, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  143. "Павлодарда радиолар / Radio stations in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  144. "Радиостанции в Томске, Россия / Radio stations in Tomsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  145. "Orissaare TV Tower, Orissaare - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  146. "Funkturm Leipzig, Leipzig - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  147. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  148. "Stonehenge Tower, Portland | 239394 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  149. "Радиостанции в Братске, Россия / Radio stations in Bratsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  150. "Radio stations in Melbourne, Victoria — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-12-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  151. "Archived copy". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2020-08-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  152. "The Impact on Cayey, Puerto Rico of the Spanish American War: The Evolution of a Place Called Henry Barracks". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  153. "Cambridge Bay residents bid farewell to a trusty old friend". 8 August 2014. Archived from the original on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  154. "Soinaste Telemast, Tartu - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  155. "Chisinau TV Tower, Chisinau - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  156. "Радиостанции в Петрозаводске, Россия / Radio stations in Petrozavodsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  157. "Ovce Pole Radio Tower, Lozovo - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  158. "Семейде радиолар / Radio stations in Semei, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  159. "Ekibastuz TV Tower, Ekibastuz - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-07-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  160. "Vlessart TV Tower, Léglise - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  161. "Stations de radio à Charleroi, Belgique / Radio stations in Charleroi, Belgium — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-12-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  162. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  163. "ABC TV transmitter tower, Mount Coot-tha, 1959". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  164. "KWEX-TV Studio Transmitter, San Antonio | 276549 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2021-08-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  165. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  166. "What Happened to Arlington's Radio Towers?". Archived from the original on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  167. "NAA Arlington US Naval Radio Station". Archived from the original on 2019-03-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  168. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  169. "WHO". Archived from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  170. "US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama - NBA". Archived from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  171. "(image)". navy-radio.com.
  172. "Naval Radio Transmitting Facility NRTF Chollas Heights NPL". Archived from the original on 2021-08-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  173. "US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor - NPM". Archived from the original on 2019-03-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  174. "Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility". Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  175. 1 2 3 4 "Naval Radio Transmitting Facility NRTF Annapolis - NSS". Archived from the original on 2021-08-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  176. "About Us". Archived from the original on 2017-12-17.
  177. 1 2 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-02-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  178. "Mulhouse rétro ..." www.lavieamulhouse.com. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  179. "Радиостанции в Березниках, Россия / Radio stations in Berezniki, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  180. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  181. "Радиостанции в Рязани, Россия / Radio stations in Ryazan, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-12-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  182. "Радиостанции в Нижнем Новгороде, Россия / Radio stations in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  183. 1 2 "Радиостанции в Уфе, Россия / Radio stations in Ufa, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  184. "Радиостанции в Казани, Россия / Radio stations in Kazan, Russia". Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  185. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  186. "Registration 1002611". Antenna Structure Registration. Federal Communications Commission.
  187. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  188. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  189. "Радиостанции в Волгограде, Россия / Radio stations in Volgograd, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  190. "Радиостанции во Владимире, Россия / Radio stations in Vladimir, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  191. "Samara TV Tower". emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022.
  192. "Радиостанции в Кемерове, Россия / Radio stations in Kemerovo, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  193. "Радиостанции в Сочи, Россия / Radio stations in Sochi, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  194. "Радиостанции во Владивостоке, Россия / Radio stations in Vladivostok, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-02-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  195. "Радиостанции в Арзамасе, Россия / Radio stations in Arzamas, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  196. "Радиостанции в Тамбове, Россия / Radio stations in Tambov, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  197. "Радиостанции в Йошкар-Оле, Россия / Radio stations in Yoshkar-Ola, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  198. "Радиостанции в Астрахани, Россия / Radio stations in Astrakhan, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  199. "Радиостанции в Чебоксарах, Россия / Radio stations in Cheboksary, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  200. "Радиостанции в Кургане, Россия / Radio stations in Kurgan, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  201. "Радиостанции в Ленинске-Кузнецком, Россия / Radio stations in Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  202. "Радиостанции в Магнитогорске, Россия / Radio stations in Magnitogorsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  203. "Радиостанции в Новокузнецке, Россия / Radio stations in Novokuznetsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  204. "Tula TV Tower, Tula - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  205. "Радиостанции в Туле, Россия / Radio stations in Tula, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  206. "Радиостанции в Хабаровске, Россия / Radio stations in Khabarovsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-02-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  207. "Радиостанции в Сыктывкаре, Россия / Radio stations in Syktyvkar, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  208. "Donetsk TV Tower 2, Donetsk - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  209. "Yarok TV and Radio Tower, Yarok - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  210. "Kokshetau TV Tower, Kokshetau | 1227691 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  211. "Kokshetau TV Tower, Kokshetau - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  212. "Радиостанции в Нальчике, Россия / Radio stations in Nalchik, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  213. "Andriivka TV Tower, Andriivka - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  214. "Kotovsk Communication Tower, Vesternychany - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  215. "Радиостанции в Междуреченске, Россия / Radio stations in Mezhdurechensk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  216. "Chongqing Radio & TV Tower, Chongqing - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  217. "Kuldiga TV Tower, Kuldiga - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  218. 1 2 "Radio Mast at Krupskoi Street, Perm | 291412 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2021-10-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  219. "Ақтөбеде радиолар / Radio stations in Aqtöbe, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  220. 1 2 "Өскеменде радиолар / Radio stations in Öskemen, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  221. "Петропавлда радиолар / Radio stations in Petropavl, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  222. "Makchachkala TV Tower, Makhachkala | 1257923 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  223. "Радиостанции в Махачкале, Россия / Radio stations in Makhachkala, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  224. "Радиостанции в Тобольске, Россия / Radio stations in Tobolsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  225. "Радиостанции в Тюмени, Россия / Radio stations in Tyumen, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  226. "Toshkentda radiostansiyalari / Radio stations in Tashkent, Uzbekistan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2014-12-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  227. "Ռադիոկայաններ Գյումրիում / Radio stations in Gyumri — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-08-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  228. "Smolensk TV Tower, Smolensk - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  229. "千葉テレビ(株) 船橋三山送信所 (千葉県船橋市三山テレビ放送局) - グルコミ". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  230. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  231. "WTOB Radio Tower, Winston-Salem | 291176 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  232. "Digital Forsyth | WTOB Radio tower at Thruway Shopping Center, lighted for Christmas, 1957". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  233. "Thruway Tower Will Come Down". Winston-Salem Journal. October 28, 1967. p. 3. Retrieved April 3, 2023 via Newspapers.com.
  234. "The Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia". Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  235. http://orig.jacksonsun.com/may2003/radio_0510.shtml [ permanent dead link ]
  236. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-05-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  237. "Ministry of Defense Building B, Tokyo - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  238. "Tower of Moscow Radio Centre 13, Balashikha | 1226777 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  239. "Faded Signals". March 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  240. "The Cincinnati Enquirer from Cincinnati, Ohio on April 18, 1948 · Page 73". 18 April 1948. Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  241. Johnson, John C. "KGHL Radio 790 Billings Photos from the John in Arizona Collection". John in Arizona.
  242. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  243. "NHK Hiranohara FM Radio Tower / TV Saitama Urawa TV Tower, Saitama | 1397559 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  244. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-02-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  245. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-02-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  246. "30 Sep 1964 - Tcn's NEW TOWER IS QUITE AN EIFFEL! - Trove". Australian Women's Weekly. 30 September 1964. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  247. "Rimavská Sobota – Towercom". Archived from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  248. "4 Big Towers of Antenna North of Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Rimavská Sobota - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  249. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  250. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  251. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  252. 1 2 "2 Big Towers of Antenna Southwest of Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Rimavská Sobota - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  253. "Gore Hill ABC TV Tower, Sydney | 1249968 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  254. "ABN TV Transmission Tower". Archived from the original on 2020-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  255. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-02-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  256. "KSAT-TV Studio Transmitter, San Antonio | 247247 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  257. "Gaocheng TV Tower, Gaocheng - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  258. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  259. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  260. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : "Ávila Antenna in roncador Utuado". YouTube.
  261. "Utuado News - Posts". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  262. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-11-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  263. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  264. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  265. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  266. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  267. "Higashiyama TV Tower, Nagoya | 1227600 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  268. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  269. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  270. "Martina Franca Tower 1 - SkyscraperPage Forum". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  271. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  272. "80 People Call This 'The Best Carrier in Cincinnati.' After Seeing It, I Might Have to Agree". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  273. 1 2 "KDNL Tower, St. Louis | 305494 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  274. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  275. 1 2 "Luch Towers, Luch - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  276. "Estações de rádio em São Paulo, Brasil / Radio stations in São Paulo, Brazil — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  277. "Радиостанции в Твери, Россия / Radio stations in Tver, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  278. "Estações de rádio em Salvador, Bahia / Radio stations in Salvador, Brazil — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  279. "Emisoras de radio en Montevideo, Uruguay / Radio stations in Montevideo, Uruguay — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  280. "Bell Canada Pharmacy Avenue Telecommunications Tower, Toronto | 230696 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  281. "Оралда радиолар / Radio stations in Oral, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  282. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  283. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  284. "Chernihiv TV Tower, Chernihiv - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  285. "Telecomm Antenna, Rio de Janeiro - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  286. 1 2 "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  287. 1 2 "WLLY-FM 99.5 MHZ - Palm Beach Gardens, FL". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  288. "Zendmast Zichtenburg, the Hague - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  289. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  290. "Skytel - des Moines, IA". Archived from the original on 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  291. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  292. "WHIO building and tower to be taken down". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  293. "RaTel Tower, Kiev - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  294. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  295. "94 People Call This 'The Best Carrier in Indianapolis.' After Seeing It, I Might Have to Agree". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  296. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  297. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  298. "Memories of Caldecott Hill: If a Tower could speak". 24 July 2008. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  299. "Torre da TV Cultura, São Paulo | 214006 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  300. "Torre da TV Cultura, Sao Paulo - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  301. "NOVEC Toren, Zwolle - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  302. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  303. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  304. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  305. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  306. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  307. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  308. "WOAI-TV Studio Transmitter, San Antonio | 276550 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  309. "TV Bandeirantes Antenna, Rio de Janeiro - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  310. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  311. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  312. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  313. "TV era has started to change Australians' way of life". 18 April 2006. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  314. "Accelerated Metal Technology & Construction Inc". Archived from the original on 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  315. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  316. "PTV Television Transmitter, Quezon City | 1209069 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  317. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  318. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  319. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  320. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  321. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  322. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  323. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  324. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  325. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  326. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  327. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  328. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  329. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  330. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  331. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  332. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  333. "Dobrochov Transmission Tower (Dobrochov)". Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  334. "Antena Califormula Broadcasting, Tijuana - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  335. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  336. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  337. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-08-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  338. "WAFB tower gets a fresh coat of paint". 18 November 2017. Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  339. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  340. 1 2 "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  341. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  342. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  343. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  344. "American Tower - CLOSED in Charlotte, NC". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  345. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  346. 1 2 "Radio stations in Shreveport, Louisiana — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  347. 1 2 "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  348. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  349. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  350. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  351. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  352. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  353. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  354. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  355. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  356. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  357. "120 People Call This 'The Best Carrier in Chesapeake.' After Seeing It, I Might Have to Agree". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  358. 1 2 "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  359. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  360. "Sorry, we couldn't find that page". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  361. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  362. "WJXT - Jacksonville, Florida - Television and Cable Broadcasting Stations on Waymarking.com". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  363. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-02-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  364. "Transmission Tower, St. Louis | 1174950 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-02-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  365. "WETA Tower is Deemed Too High But Can Stay - The Washington Post". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  366. 1 2 "Tour Dégueu, Chastre - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  367. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  368. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  369. "Wienbibliothek / Retrodigitalisierung / 1956 [1092]". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  370. "Радиостанции в Воркуте, Россия / Radio stations in Vorkuta, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  371. "Радиостанции в Великом Новгороде, Россия / Radio stations in Veliky Novgorod, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  372. "YokohamaMediaTower | NTT FACILITIES, INC City Planning & Architectural Design". Archived from the original on 2018-02-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  373. "Yokohama Media Tower, Yokohama - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  374. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  375. "RPN-IBC Transmitter Tower, Quezon City | 1209070 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  376. "仙台市のラジオ放送局 / Radio stations in Sendai, Japan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-12-19. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  377. "Yamen Steel Tube Tower 1, Jiangmen - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  378. "Yamen Steel Tube Tower 2, Jiangmen - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  379. "Kogushi Electric Power Transmission Tower, Okayama | 1516996 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  380. "River Tower of Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing, Antwerp | 1227186 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  381. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  382. 1 2 "Hitachinaka Coal Power Station Japan - GEO". Archived from the original on 2016-11-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  383. 1 2 "Tepco boosts coal capacity to cut need for costly oil". 11 April 2013. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  384. "Schilling Power Plant Chimney, Stade - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  385. "Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 1, Antwerp - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  386. "Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 2, Antwerp - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  387. "Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 3, Antwerp - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  388. 1 2 3 4 "JFE East Japan Works (Chiba) steel plant". 24 September 2020. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  389. 1 2 3 "JFE Steel Corporation". Archived from the original on 2021-12-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  390. "Kyushu Electric Power / LNG thermal power plant | Japan KYUSHU Tourist ジャパン九州ツーリスト株式会社". Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  391. "戸畑共同火力株式会社". Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  392. "Stadtwerketurm Duisburg, Duisburg - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  393. 1 2 ja:日本製鉄九州製鉄所
  394. "Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 4, Antwerp - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  395. "Chiba Refinery and Petrochemical Plant | Refinery & Plant". Archived from the original on 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  396. "Sulfuric Acid Workshop Chimney, Konstantinovka - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  397. "1st Chimney of SK-46, Zhovti Vody - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  398. "2nd Chimney of SK-46, Zhovti Vody - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  399. "Kainan (Hainan) Thermal Power Plant Japan - GEO". Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  400. "小名浜製錬株式会社". Archived from the original on 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  401. "Chimney of UkrZinc, Konstantinovka - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  402. "Chimney of Strong Nitric Acid Shop of Severodonetsk Azot Association, Siverodonetsk - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  403. "Large Chimney of Legnica Copper Smelter, Legnica - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  404. "RK Saltivska Chimney, Kharkiv - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  405. "Chimney of Weak Nitric Acid Shop of Severodonetsk Azot Association, Siverodonetsk - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  406. "瀬戸内共同火力株式会社". Archived from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  407. "Flarestick 4 of PKN Orlen, Plock - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  408. "Noble Lloyd Noble rig - Jackup - Noble Drilling". 27 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2022-02-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  409. "Maersk Drilling's new XLE jack-up set for North Sea". 6 January 2017. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  410. "Ten oil industry world records you maybe haven't heard of - equinor.com". Archived from the original on 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
  411. "Tower of Zugspitze Aerial Tramway, Grainau - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  412. "Eclipse (Giant Wave Swinger) | Rides at Gröna Lund". Archived from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  413. "The Trylon and Perisphere during the fair and after". 19 May 2019. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  414. "Ring of Life - the Amazing Metal Structure in Fushun China". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  415. 1 2 "Meteorological Towers of Høvsøre Wind Turbine Test Centre, Bøvlingbjerg | 1229409 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  416. "Khan Shatyry Entertainment Centre, Nur-Sultan - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  417. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  418. "Zeitzeichensender Pragins I, Prangins - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  419. "Zeitzeichensender Pragins II, Prangins - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  420. "ETTP Water Tower @ Oak Ridge DOE Reservation - Controlled Demolition, Inc". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  421. "Norris Arm Surge Tower, Newfoundland & Labrador. Canadian water towers and standpipes directorie". Archived from the original on 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  422. "Canadian Nuclear Laboratories B444 Process Water Tower - Controlled Demolition, Inc". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  423. "Second tower knocked down at John Hart Dam (Video)". 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  424. "Video: 90-metre surge tower knocked down at John Hart dam near Campbell River". 12 July 2019. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  425. "Marconi's Wellfleet (Cape Cod) Wireless - Stormfax®". Archived from the original on 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  426. "Soaring 761 feet, this radio and TV tower on Georgia Avenue NW is the city's tallest - The Washington Post". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  427. "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2021-02-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  428. "Lakihegy Blaw-Knox Radio Tower, Budapest | 1226375 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2021-02-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  429. "Liblice Blaw-Knox Tower, Liblice | 1226311 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  430. "Vakarel Blaw-Knox Radio Mast, Elin Pelin | 1226448 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  431. "Събаране на антената на Вакарел, 16.09.2020 г." YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-05.
  432. "Jim Hawkins' WADO Transmitter Page". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  433. "LVRTC Riga Blaw Knox Radiator, Riga | 1226603 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  434. "WFEA Blaw-Knox Radiator, Manchester - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2021-07-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.