List of Western Bloc defectors

Last updated

This is an incomplete list of Western Bloc intelligence agents, military personnel, scientists, politicians, diplomats and other prominent people, who defected to the Eastern Bloc or non-aligned countries during the Cold War and after.

Contents

Defections before 1991

DefectorProfession/ProminenceCountry of originYear of defectionCountry of defection
Erwin Borchers French Foreign Legion Germany/France 1945 Viet Minh [1]
Ernst Frey Austria/FranceViet Minh [2]
Siegfried WenzelGermany/FranceViet Minh [3]
Kostas Sarantidis Greece/France1946Viet Minh [4]
Stefan Kubiak Poland/FranceViet Minh [5]
Park Si-hyeongHistorian South Korea (U.S. Occupation Zone) North Korea (Soviet Occupation Zone) [6]
Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler BBC journalist West Germany (British Occupation Zone)1947 East Germany (Soviet Occupation Zone) [7]
Emil SelhoferFrench Foreign Legion Switzerland/FranceViet Minh [8]
George Shaw Wheeler Foreign Economic Administration economist United States Czechoslovakia
Annabelle Bucar United States State Department 1948 Soviet Union [9]
Hong Myong-hui Writer South Korea North Korea [10]
Kang Tae-mu Republic of Korea Army North Korea [11]
Kim Sun-namComposerNorth Korea [12]
George Koval Atomic spy United StatesSoviet Union
James McMillin United States Army cryptographer
Pyo Mu-wonRepublic of Korea ArmySouth KoreaNorth Korea [11]
Albert Clavier French Army France 1949Viet Minh
Robert Dagleish Foreign Office United Kingdom Soviet Union [13]
Gerhart Eisler JournalistUnited StatesEast Germany
Noel Field United States State Department Czechoslovakia
Archibald Johnstone JournalistUnited KingdomSoviet Union [13]
James Stuart British Army East Germany [14]
Miroslav SurýFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia/FranceViet Minh [15]
František Vaňhara
David Young Royal Navy United Kingdom China [16]
Leopold Infeld University of Toronto physicist Canada 1950 Poland
Ian Milner United Nations diplomat Australia Czechoslovakia [17]
Ján PoláčekFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia/FranceViet Minh [15]
Bruno Pontecorvo Atomic physicist Italy/United KingdomSoviet Union (via Finland)
John Peet Reuters correspondentUnited KingdomEast Germany
Nâzım Hikmet Ran Poet Turkey Soviet Union
Ri Sung-gi Seoul National University chemistry professorSouth KoreaNorth Korea
Arna Rides British Council medical adviserUnited KingdomCzechoslovakia [18]
Josef ZvoníkFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia/FranceViet Minh [15]
Guy Burgess Foreign Office/MI5 United Kingdom1951Soviet Union
Donald Maclean Foreign Office
Alfred Sarant Military engineer/Atomic spyUnited StatesPoland, then the Soviet Union
Joel Barr Czechoslovakia, then the Soviet Union
Margaret Schlauch New York University English professorPoland [19]
Weng Wenhao Geologist and Kuomintang politician Taiwan China [20]
Heiner Braun Track athlete (5,000 metres)West Germany1952East Germany [21]
Stefan Heym United States Army/WriterUnited StatesCzechoslovakia, then East Germany
Günther Gereke Christian Democratic Union politicianWest GermanyEast Germany [22]
Victor Grossman United States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [23]
Kug Yong-amRepublic of Korea ArmySouth KoreaNorth Korea [24]
Charles LucasUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [25] [26]
Aubrey E. MilesEast Germany [27]
Wolfgang Gans zu Putlitz MI5United KingdomEast Germany [28]
Miloud SalhiFrench ArmyFranceViet Minh [29]
Clarence Adams United States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Howard Gayle Adams
Albert Constant Belhomme
Otto Grayson Bell
Arthur BoydEast Germany [31]
Andrew Condron Royal Marines United KingdomChina [32]
Richard G. CordenUnited States ArmyUnited StatesChina [30]
William Cowart
W. GlancyBritish ArmyUnited KingdomEast Germany [33]
Rufus DouglasUnited States ArmyUnited StatesChina [30]
John Roedel Dunn
Andrew Fortuna
Hans Joachim Geyer Gehlen Organization West GermanyEast Germany [34]
Lewis GriggsUnited States ArmyUnited StatesChina [30]
Samuel David Hawkins China
Wolfgang HöherGehlen OrganizationWest GermanyEast Germany [35]
R. IrvineBritish ArmyUnited KingdomEast Germany [33]
Kim Sung-bai Republic of Korea Air Force South KoreaNorth Korea [36]
S. LewesBritish ArmyUnited KingdomEast Germany [33]
Norman M. LowellUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [37]
R.W. Luwman Royal Netherlands Army Netherlands East Germany [38]
Clifford F. MurphyUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [39]
Arlie PateChina [30]
Scott Rush
Lowell Skinner
Larance Sullivan
Richard Tenneson
James Veneris
Harold Webb
R. WanroyRoyal Netherlands ArmyNetherlandsEast Germany [38]
William WhiteUnited States ArmyUnited StatesChina [30]
Morris Wills
Aaron Wilson
Stanislaw ZdanowskiPoland [40]
William Donal Adkins1954Soviet Union [41]
Choi Man-chongRepublic of Korea Air ForceSouth KoreaNorth Korea [42]
Joseph Cort Doctor of Medicine and University of Birmingham physiology lecturerUnited StatesCzechoslovakia [43]
James DavisUnited States ArmyCzechoslovakia [44]
Bruno FoltaRadio announcerWest GermanyCzechoslovakia [45]
Raymond H. HuttoUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [46]
Otto John Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West GermanyEast Germany
Karl Franz Schmidt-Wittmack Bundestag deputy and Christian Democratic Union politicianEast Germany [47]
Richard SquiresBritish ArmyUnited KingdomSoviet Union [48]
William TurnerUnited States ArmyUnited StatesSoviet Union [49]
Ralph Bernard Frederick Cross Canadian Army Canada1955East Germany [50]
James W. PulleyUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [46]
Manfred von Brauchitsch Racing driver West GermanyEast Germany
Ho Wei-Chin Republic of China Air Force TaiwanChina [51]
B.F. HollandUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [52]
Horst SpanierEast Germany [53]
Wei Li-Huang Republic of China Army TaiwanChina [54]
Hung Chin-Shan Republic of China Military Police China [55]
Henri Maillot French ArmyFrance1956 Algerian National Liberation Front
Wolf-Dieter Loebl Bundeswehr West GermanyEast Germany [56]
Orest Stephen Makar Photogrammetrist and Saint Louis University engineering associate professor United StatesSoviet Union [57]
Anthony Wraight Royal Air Force United KingdomSoviet Union [58]
Augustin Cabrera Oroza Spanish Navy Spain 1957 Mexico [59]
Manuel Fernandez Rodriguez
Ginas Jiminez Nortes
Enrique Medina Fernandez
Jürgen MickeleitBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [60]
Victor RodriguezSpanish NavySpainMexico [59]
Alfred Kaufman SternPhilanthropistUnited StatesCzechoslovakia
Martha Dodd Stern
Ernie FletcherUnited States Army1959East Germany [61]
Klaus Fuchs Atomic spyUnited KingdomExchanged to East Germany
Ho Ye-ChenRepublic of China ArmyTaiwanChina [62]
Arnold KephartUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [63]
Billy MullisEast Germany [64]
Lee Harvey Oswald United States Marine Corps Soviet Union via Finland, rejected from Cuba
Libero Ricciardelli United States Air Force Soviet Union [65]
Franz Julius SchröderChristian Democratic Union aideWest GermanyEast Germany [66]
Arthur Wegner University of Münster law professorEast Germany [67]
John B. WittUnited States ArmyUnited StatesCzechoslovakia [68]
Franz BöttgerBundeswehrWest Germany1960East Germany [69]
Guy BouchardCanadian ArmyCanadaEast Germany [70]
Horst Braun Bundesluftwaffe West GermanyEast Germany [69]
Bruce DavisUnited States ArmyUnited StatesSoviet Union [49]
Joseph Dutkanicz (Dutkanich [71] )United States Army Military Intelligence Soviet Union
Richard GromekBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [72]
Gilbert Paul JenkersonBritish ArmyUnited KingdomEast Germany [73]
Bernon F. Mitchell National Security Agency United StatesSoviet Union [74]
William H. Martin
Peter PetrichBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [72]
Serafin SanchezUnited States Air ForceUnited StatesCuba [75]
Paul Schlüter Social Democratic Party of Germany politicianWest GermanyEast Germany [76]
Vladimir SlobodaUnited States Army Military IntelligenceUnited StatesSoviet Union [77]
John StroblCanadian ArmyCanadaEast Germany [78]
Horst TuschlaBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [69]
Otto WeissenbergerCartographerEast Germany [79]
Walter BarthBundeswehr1961East Germany [80]
Walter HagemannChristian Democratic Union politician and University of Münster journalism professorEast Germany [81]
K.H. FalkBundesamt für VerfassungsschutzEast Germany [82]
Fernando Ganhao Portuguese Army Portugal Mozambique Liberation Front [83]
Ollie Harrington CartoonistUnited StatesEast Germany
Junge family University of Washington scientistsCzechoslovakia [84]
Winfried KrychowskiBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [80]
Mohamed Lamari French Army France Algerian National Liberation Front
Wolfgang ObjegloBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [80]
Mário Moutinho de PáduaPortuguese ArmyPortugal Congo-Léopoldville [85]
Larry Allen Abshier United States ArmyUnited States1962North Korea
Wilfried AlsguthBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [86]
Herbert Böhmer
Heinz-Dieter Brehning
James Joseph Dresnok United States ArmyUnited StatesNorth Korea
Günther FischerBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [86]
Heinrich Frank
R.S. HareldUnited States ArmyUnited StatesCzechoslovakia [87]
Guntram HoffmannBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [86]
Rudolf Abel Atomic spyUnited StatesExchanged to the Soviet Union
Bobby Joe Keesee United States ArmyCuba [88]
Henry KiernanEast Germany [89]
Albert KostedeBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [86]
Richard Lang
David MichaelEngineerUnited StatesCuba [90]
Erwin MiranBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [86]
Nguyen Van Cu Republic of Vietnam Air Force South Vietnam Cambodia [91]
Klaus ReichardtBundesluftwaffeWest GermanyEast Germany [86]
Willi SalzmannBundeswehr
Peter-Joseph Schödder
Manfred Schüssler
Horst Pilger
Peter Pitzen
Bodo Ratzinger
Dieter Schmutzler
Otto Schwarz
Ronald StanleyBritish ArmyUnited KingdomEast Germany [92]
Jürgen Steinigtweg Bundesmarine Marineflieger West GermanyEast Germany [86]
Robert StuckhausBundeswehr
Wolfgang VogtBundesluftwaffe
Berthold WizienBundeswehr
Thomas BadeyUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany [93]
Frank BartonEast Germany [94]
Richard BourretPhysicistCuba [95]
Benjamin CainUnited States ArmyEast Germany [96]
Klaus ChepelierBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [97]
Victor Norris Hamilton National Security AgencyUnited StatesSoviet Union
Reymond Herzet Belgian Army Belgium East Germany [98]
Gary MartzkeUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [99]
Roberto "Robert" Ramos MichelenaUnited States Air ForceCuba [100]
James Carl MooreUnited States ArmyEast Germany [101]
Heinrich James NewtonEast Germany [102]
Jerry Wayne Parrish North Korea
Brian Patchett British ArmyUnited KingdomEast Germany [103]
Christopher John PengateEast Germany [104]
Kim Philby MI6 Soviet Union
Alfred SvensonUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [105]
Willard E. ValentiniEast Germany [106]
Jacinto Veloso Portuguese Air Force PortugalMozambique Liberation Front [107]
Chan Chueh Olympic Games officialTaiwan1964China [108]
Cheng Yi-Ming Intelligence Bureau China [109]
Li Fung-ryongRepublic of Korea Army South Korea North Korea [110]
Theo van Eijck Marine-Luchtvaartdienst Netherlands Libya [111]
Anatoly P. KotlobyRocket scientistUnited StatesSoviet Union [112]
Ma Ching-Shan Olympic sharpshooter TaiwanChina [113]
Claude SwainUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [114]
Zhao Zongli Republic of China Navy TaiwanChina [115]
Bui Van TrachRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceSouth Vietnam1965Cambodia [116]
Chan Chen-ChinRepublic of China ArmyTaiwanChina [117]
Chen LiIntelligence BureauChina [118]
Alfred Frenzel Social Democratic Party of Germany politicianWest GermanyExchanged to Czechoslovakia
Hua Tsu-HsinDiplomatTaiwanChina [119]
Charles Robert Jenkins United States ArmyUnited StatesNorth Korea
Glen Roy Rohrer United States Army Military IntelligenceCzechoslovakia
Ana Maria Silva PaisDaughter of PIDE Director Fernando SilvaPortugalCuba [120]
Li Zongren Former Kuomintang politician, vice president and acting president of China United StatesChina [121]
Nguyen Chi Canh Huế police chiefSouth Vietnam North Vietnam [122]
Stephen BiggsBritish ArmyUnited KingdomEast Germany [123]
Harold M. Koch Roman Catholic priestUnited States1966Soviet Union [124]
John Discoe SmithUnited States State DepartmentSoviet Union [125] [126]
Nguyen Duch HienRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceSouth VietnamCambodia [127]
Craig Anderson United States Navy United States1967 Sweden [128]
Richard BaileySweden [128] via Japan [129]
John BarillaSweden [128]
George Blake MI6United KingdomSoviet Union
Lorenzo Brown United States military United Statesc. 1967Sweden
Costa CalfelisJournalist Greece 1967Switzerland [130]
Des CarragherUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Jerry Condon
Jerry Dass Green Beret SFOD B, S-5Sweden [131] [132]
Jimmy DotsonUnited States militarySweden
John Forler
Kenneth C. GriggsUnited States Army1967Cuba [133]
Bob JansonUnited States militaryc. 1967Sweden
Roy Ray JonesUnited States Army1967Sweden [134]
Walter HarshallUnited States militaryc. 1967Sweden
Tom HayesSweden, later managed Clergy & Layman Concerned
Roger HinchliffeSweden
Dick Kilmer
Steve KinnemanUnited States Army1967Sweden [135] via Thailand, and Laos [129]
Michael LindnerUnited States NavySweden [128]
William MalesUnited States Armyc. 1967Sweden [129]
McKinley Nolan 1967North Vietnam [136]
Henry NordbyUnited States militaryc. 1967Sweden
Rich Pauley
Richard Harwood PearceUnited States Army1967Cuba [137]
Irving Rubinc. 1967Sweden [129]
Arnold Schölzel BundeswehrWest Germany1967East Germany
David SmithUnited States ArmyUnited StatesSweden [129]
Joe StewartUnited States militaryc. 1967Sweden
Tseng Chao-PingRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1967China [138]
Herbert WashingtonUnited States ArmyUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden [129]
Ted WeisbergUnited States militarySweden
Terry Whitmore
Robert ArgentoUnited States Army1968Sweden [139]
Edwin ArnettSweden [140]
John AshleySweden [139]
Samuel BrownSweden [141]
Gerald Burger
Robert BurroughsSweden [139]
Robert CarrollSweden [141]
Kenneth Cooper
Erwin FosterSweden [139]
David HaireSweden [142]
Rodney HuthUnited States Marine CorpsSweden [141]
Edward JohnsonUnited States ArmySweden [142]
William JonesSweden [139]
Bruce Mayor Draft evader Sweden [129]
Richard Lee McKinneyUnited States Marine CorpsSweden [143]
Peter MoebiusPhysicistWest GermanyEast Germany [144]
Justin OlsonUnited States ArmyUnited StatesSweden [139]
Herbert Patzelt European Atomic Energy Community aideWest GermanyEast Germany [144]
William PercellUnited States ArmyUnited StatesSweden [142]
Ehrenfried PetrasMicrobiologistWest GermanyEast Germany [145]
Bruce ProctorFormer Defense Intelligence Agency analystUnited StatesSweden [146]
Richard Lee ProppUnited States ArmySweden [139]
David RomanSweden [141]
Raymond SansivieroUnited States Marine CorpsSweden [147]
Parker SmithUnited States ArmySweden [139]
Vincent StrolloSweden [141]
Richard Tannimura
Gregory Vitarelle
Mark Warrell
Eugene Westbrooks
J.W. WrightUnited States Air ForceSoviet Union [148]
William Lee Brent Black Panther Party activist1969Cuba
Irvin Leon ButlerUnited States NavySweden [149]
Lona Cohen Atomic spyExchanged to the Soviet Union
Morris Cohen
Jerry Bhagwan DassUnited States ArmySweden [150]
Robert Edward DostlikUnited States Marine CorpsCuba [151]
Heinz Felfe Bundesnachrichtendienst West GermanyExchanged to East Germany
Olaf FoertschBundeswehrEast Germany [152]
Ludwig GummertEast Germany [153]
Thomas KavanaughUnited States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany [154]
Hans-Joachim KruseBundeswehrWest GermanyEast Germany [155]
Robert KündigerBundesmarineEast Germany [156]
John LowneyUnited States Marine CorpsUnited StatesNorth Vietnam [157]
Vassilios TsironisDoctor of MedicineGreece Albania [158]
Jim WalchUnited States ArmyUnited StatesSweden [129]
Zhou ZhendeRepublic of China ArmyTaiwanChina [159]
Kimihuro Uomoto Japanese Red Army Japan1970North Korea
Kimiko Fukudome
Kintaro Yoshida
Moriaki Wakabayashi
Shirō Akagi
Takahiro Konishi
Takamaro Tamiya
Takeshi Okamoto
Yasuhiro Shibata
Alvin Glatkowski United States Merchant Marine United StatesAttempted defection to Cambodia
Clyde McKay
Marc Carbonneau Front de libération du Québec CanadaCuba
Jacques Cossette-Trudel
Yves Langlois
Larry HumphreyUnited States ArmyUnited StatesCambodia [160]
Mihalis Maniadakis Royal Hellenic Air Force GreeceSoviet Union [161]
Chang Shuang-Chao Ministry of Finance aideTaiwan1971China [162]
Sun Chi-ChouDiplomatChina [163]
Michael DeberryUnited States ArmyUnited StatesSweden [129]
Tom HorneGreen Beretc. 1971Sweden [164]
Ernest HunterUnited States Air ForceSweden [165]
Hans-Dieter Reinkensmeier German Army Aviation Corps West Germany1971East Germany [166]
Harold Hill Rolls-Royce Limited engineerUnited KingdomSoviet Union [167]
Esteban LlanaUnited States Air ForceUnited States Panama [168]
Jaime MoraisPortuguese ArmyPortugalSweden [169]
Bernard PryerUnited States ArmyUnited StatesPanama [168]
John R. VequistSweden [170]
Tobey WagnerPanama [168]
Kevin CadwalladerBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1972Sweden [171]
Ngo Cong DucJournalistSouth VietnamSweden [172]
Pham Van Dinh Army of the Republic of Vietnam North Vietnam [167]
Sung Wei-PiFormer diplomatTaiwan1973People's Republic of China [173]
Gerard BurnsBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1974 Ireland [174]
Nguyen Thanh TrungRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceSouth Vietnam1975North Vietnam [175]
Jürgen SchneiderBundeswehrWest Germany1976East Germany [176]
Bong JuRepublic of Korea Army South Korea 1977North Korea [177]
William Joseph BlackUnited States ArmyUnited StatesCzechoslovakia [178]
Yu Un-hakRepublic of Korea ArmySouth KoreaNorth Korea [177]
Robert Thompson United States Air ForceUnited States1978Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Erhard MuellerBundesmarine aviation wingWest GermanyEast Germany [179]
Li Jun-gwangRepublic of Korea Army military intelligenceSouth KoreaNorth Korea [180]
Roy Chung United States ArmyUnited States1979East Germany, then to North Korea
Ursel Lorenzen NATO aideWest GermanyEast Germany [181]
Christel BroszeyChristian Democratic Union aideEast Germany [182]
Inge Goliath
Helga Roediger Federal Ministry of Finance East Germany [183]
Alexander Lambert Bureau of State Security South Africa Sweden [184]
Justin Lin Republic of China ArmyTaiwanChina
Friedrich Tomberg Pädagogische Hochschule philosophy professorWest GermanyEast Germany [185]
Kim Ryong-jinRepublic of Korea ArmySouth KoreaNorth Korea [186]
Imelda VerreptNATO aideBelgium1980East Germany [187]
Günter Guillaume Aide to the West German Chancellor West Germany1981Exchanged to East Germany
Frank Terpil Central Intelligence Agency United States Libya, then to Cuba [188]
Huang ZhichengRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwanChina [189]
Ma BiKuomintang adviserChina [190]
Robert Vesco FinancierUnited States1982Cuba
Joseph T. White United States ArmyNorth Korea
Gerhard G.Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany East Germany [191]
Gerald Andreas Eckert South African Army South Africa1983 Mozambique [192]
Li DaweiRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwanChina [193]
Mun Sang-cholRepublic of Korea Army South Korea North Korea [194]
Alessio Casimirri Red Brigades Italy Nicaragua
Nam MccurdyWriterUnited States
Assata Shakur Black Panther Party activistUnited States1984Cuba
Xie YuchenFilm directorTaiwan1984China [196]
Zhang JinfengFilm producer
Hans Tiedge Bundesamt für VerfassungsschutzWest Germany1985East Germany
Jeffrey Carney United States Air ForceUnited States
Ra Il-ryongRepublic of Korea ArmySouth KoreaNorth Korea [197]
Edward Lee Howard Central Intelligence AgencyUnited StatesSoviet Union
Sonja LuenbergAide to the Federal Minister of the Economy Martin Bangemann West GermanyEast Germany [198]
Herta-Astrid WillnerAide to the West German ChancellorEast Germany [199]
Herbert WillnerDefence analyst
Rudolf Alken University of Mainz researcherEast Germany [200]
Karl Koecher Central Intelligence AgencyUnited States1986Exchanged to Czechoslovakia
Hugo AlmeidaUnited States ArmyCuba
Glenn Michael Souther United States NavySoviet Union [201]
Arnold Lockshin BiochemistSoviet Union
Wang XijueAirline pilotTaiwanChina [202]
Wade E. RobertsUnited States ArmyUnited States1987Soviet Union [203] [204] [205]
Stig Bergling Swedish Security Service SwedenSoviet Union via Finland [206]
Theodore BranchRadio announcerUnited StatesSoviet Union [207]
Choe Deok-sin Former South Korean diplomat and foreign minister North Korea
Song Chang-guUnited States Army aideSouth Korea1988North Korea [208]
Lin XianshunRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1989China [209]
Michael Peri United States ArmyUnited StatesEast Germany

Defections after 1991

DefectorProfession/ProminenceCountry of originYear of defectionCountry of defection
Maurizio GelliBusinessman [210] [211] [212] [213] Italy 2009 Nicaragua
Edward Snowden National Security Agency contractor United States 2013 Russia
Choe In-gukSouth Korean citizen South Korea 2019 North Korea
Evan Neumann January 6 capitol rioter United States2022 Belarus
Emil Czeczko Polish Land Forces Poland 2021Belarus [214]
Travis King United States Army United States2023North Korea [215] [216]
Tara Reade Former Congressional aide Russia [217]
John David McIntyreUnited States Army veteranRussia [218]
Wilmer Puello-MotaFormer Holyoke, Massachusetts city councillor and former Massachusetts Air National Guard airman2024Russia [219] [220] [221] [222]
Tomasz Szmydt JudgePolandBelarus [223]
Jay FraserBrewerUnited KingdomRussia [224]
Aiden MinnisBritish citizenRussia [225]
Ross McElvennyRussia [226]

See also

References

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  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Where are Korean War Defectors Now? Grey Beards. Vol. 16. No. 4. July–August 2002: 10–11.
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  33. 1 2 3 (in German) Drei britische Soldaten baten um Asyl (Three British Soldiers Asked for Asylum). ADN. Neues Deutschland 15 February 1953.
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  38. 1 2 (in German) Amerikanischer und holländische Soldaten baten um Asyl in der DDR (American and Dutch Soldiers Asked for Asylum in the GDR). ADN. Neues Deutschland 7 October 1953.
  39. ↑ Soldier Flees to Reds After Breaking Jail. Associated Press. The Florence Times 20 December 1953: 10.
  40. ↑ Pole Flees to East Germany. Associated Press. The Gettysburg Times 27 November 1953: 5.
  41. ↑ Yank Officer Picks Soviet. Associated Press. The Milwaukee Journal 6 March 1954: 2.
  42. ↑ South Korean Airman Sneaks Plane to Reds. Associated Press. The Norwalk Hour . 20 January 1954: 20.
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