List of Western Bloc defectors

Last updated

This is an incomplete list of Western Bloc intelligence agents, military personnel, scientists, politicians, diplomats, and other prominent people who defected to the Eastern Bloc or non-aligned countries during the Cold War and after.

Contents

Defections before 1991

DefectorProfession/ProminenceCountry of originYear of defectionCountry of defection
Erwin Borchers French Foreign Legion Germany/France 1945 Viet Minh [1]
Ernst FreyFrench Foreign Legion Austria/France1945Viet Minh [2]
Siegfried WenzelFrench Foreign LegionGermany/France1945Viet Minh [3]
Kostas Sarantidis French Foreign Legion Greece/France1946Viet Minh [4]
Stefan KubiakFrench Foreign Legion Poland/France1946Viet Minh [5]
Park Si-hyeongHistorian South Korea (U.S. Occupation Zone)1946 North Korea (Soviet Occupation Zone) [6]
Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler BBC journalist West Germany (British Occupation Zone)1947 East Germany (Soviet Occupation Zone) [7]
Emil SelhoferFrench Foreign Legion Switzerland/France1947Viet Minh [8]
George Shaw Wheeler Foreign Economic Administration economist United States 1947 Czechoslovakia
Annabelle Bucar United States State Department United States1948 Soviet Union [9]
Hong Myong-hui Writer South Korea 1948 North Korea [10]
Kang Tae-mu Republic of Korea Army South Korea1948North Korea [11]
Kim Sun-namComposerSouth Korea1948North Korea [12]
George Koval Atomic spy United States1948Soviet Union
James McMillin United States Army cryptographerUnited States1948Soviet Union
Pyo Mu-wonRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1948North Korea [11]
Albert Clavier French Army France 1949Viet Minh
Robert Dagleish Foreign Office United Kingdom 1949Soviet Union [13]
Gerhart Eisler JournalistUnited States1949East Germany
Noel Field United States State DepartmentUnited States1949 Czechoslovakia
Archibald Johnstone JournalistUnited Kingdom1949Soviet Union [13]
James Stuart British Army United Kingdom1949East Germany [14]
Miroslav SurýFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia/France1949Viet Minh [15]
František VaňharaFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia/France1949Viet Minh [15]
David Young Royal Navy United Kingdom1949 China [16]
Leopold Infeld University of Toronto physicist Canada 1950 Poland
Ian Milner United Nations diplomat Australia 1950Czechoslovakia [17]
Ján PoláčekFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia/France1950Viet Minh [15]
Bruno Pontecorvo Atomic physicist Italy/United Kingdom1950Soviet Union (via Finland)
John Peet Reuters correspondentUnited Kingdom1950East Germany
Nâzım Hikmet Ran Poet Turkey 1950Soviet Union
Ri Sung-gi Seoul National University chemistry professorSouth Korea1950North Korea
Arna Rides British Council medical adviserUnited Kingdom1950Czechoslovakia [18]
Josef ZvoníkFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia/France1950Viet Minh [15]
Guy Burgess Foreign Office/MI5 United Kingdom1951Soviet Union
Donald Maclean Foreign OfficeUnited Kingdom1951Soviet Union
Alfred Sarant Military engineer/Atomic spyUnited States1951Poland, then the Soviet Union
Joel Barr Military engineer/Atomic spyUnited States1951Czechoslovakia, then the Soviet Union
Margaret Schlauch New York University English professorUnited States1951Poland [19]
Weng Wenhao Geologist and Kuomintang politician Taiwan 1951China [20]
Heiner Braun Track athlete (5000 metres)West Germany1952East Germany [21]
Stefan Heym United States Army/WriterUnited States1952Czechoslovakia, then East Germany
Günther Gereke Christian Democratic Union politicianWest Germany1952East Germany [22]
Victor Grossman United States ArmyUnited States1952East Germany [23]
Kug Yong-amRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1952North Korea [24]
Charles LucasUnited States ArmyUnited States1952East Germany [25] [26]
Aubrey E. MilesUnited States ArmyUnited States1952East Germany [27]
Wolfgang Gans zu Putlitz MI5United Kingdom1952East Germany [28]
Miloud SalhiFrench ArmyFrance1952Viet Minh [29]
Clarence Adams United States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Howard Gayle AdamsUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Albert Constant BelhommeUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Otto Grayson Bell United States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Arthur BoydUnited States ArmyUnited States1953East Germany [31]
Andrew Condron Royal Marines United Kingdom1953China [32]
Richard G. CordenUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
William CowartUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
W. GlancyBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1953East Germany [33]
Rufus DouglasUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
John Roedel DunnUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Andrew FortunaUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Hans Joachim Geyer Gehlen Organization West Germany1953East Germany [34]
Lewis GriggsUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Samuel David Hawkins United States ArmyUnited States1953China
Wolfgang HöherGehlen OrganizationWest Germany1953East Germany [35]
R. IrvineBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1953East Germany [33]
Kim Sung-bai Republic of Korea Air Force South Korea1953North Korea [36]
S. LewesBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1953East Germany [33]
Norman M. LowellUnited States ArmyUnited States1953East Germany [37]
R. W. Luwman Royal Netherlands Army Netherlands 1953East Germany [38]
Clifford F. MurphyUnited States ArmyUnited States1953East Germany [39]
Arlie PateUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Scott RushUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Lowell SkinnerUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Larance SullivanUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Richard TennesonUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
James Veneris United States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Harold WebbUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
R. WanroyRoyal Netherlands ArmyNetherlands1953East Germany [38]
William WhiteUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Morris WillsUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Aaron WilsonUnited States ArmyUnited States1953China [30]
Stanislaw ZdanowskiUnited States ArmyUnited States1953Poland [40]
William Donal AdkinsUnited States ArmyUnited States1954Soviet Union [41]
Choi Man-chongRepublic of Korea Air ForceSouth Korea1954North Korea [42]
Joseph Cort Doctor of Medicine and University of Birmingham physiology lecturerUnited States1954Czechoslovakia [43]
James DavisUnited States ArmyUnited States1954Czechoslovakia [44]
Bruno FoltaRadio announcerWest Germany1954Czechoslovakia [45]
Raymond H. HuttoUnited States ArmyUnited States1954East Germany [46]
Otto John Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany1954East Germany
Karl Franz Schmidt-Wittmack Bundestag deputy and Christian Democratic Union politicianWest Germany1954East Germany [47]
Richard SquiresBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1954Soviet Union [48]
William TurnerUnited States ArmyUnited States1954Soviet Union [49]
Ralph Bernard Frederick Cross Canadian Army Canada1955East Germany [50]
James W. PulleyUnited States ArmyUnited States1955East Germany [46]
Manfred von Brauchitsch Racing driver West Germany1955East Germany
Ho Wei-Chin Republic of China Air Force Taiwan1955China [51]
B. F. HollandUnited States ArmyUnited States1955East Germany [52]
Horst SpanierUnited States ArmyUnited States1955East Germany [53]
Wei Li-Huang Republic of China Army Taiwan1955China [54]
Hung Chin-Shan Republic of China Military Police Taiwan1955China [55]
Henri Maillot French ArmyFrance1956 Algerian National Liberation Front
Wolf-Dieter Loebl Bundeswehr West Germany1956East Germany [56]
Orest Stephen Makar Photogrammetrist and Saint Louis University engineering associate professor United States1956Soviet Union [57]
Anthony Wraight Royal Air Force United Kingdom1956Soviet Union [58]
Augustin Cabrera Oroza Spanish Navy Spain 1957 Mexico [59]
Manuel Fernandez RodriguezSpanish NavySpain1957Mexico [59]
Ginas Jiminez NortesSpanish NavySpain1957Mexico [59]
Enrique Medina FernandezSpanish NavySpain1957Mexico [59]
Jürgen MickeleitBundeswehrWest Germany1957East Germany [60]
Victor RodriguezSpanish NavySpain1957Mexico [59]
Alfred Kaufman SternPhilanthropistUnited States1957Czechoslovakia
Martha Dodd Stern PhilanthropistUnited States1957Czechoslovakia
Ernie FletcherUnited States ArmyUnited States1959East Germany [61]
Klaus Fuchs Atomic spyUnited Kingdom1959Exchanged to East Germany
Ho Ye-ChenRepublic of China ArmyTaiwan1959China [62]
Arnold KephartUnited States ArmyUnited States1959East Germany [63]
Billy MullisUnited States ArmyUnited States1959East Germany [64]
Lee Harvey Oswald United States Marine Corps United States1959Soviet Union via Finland, rejected from Cuba
Libero Ricciardelli United States Air Force United States1959Soviet Union [65]
Franz Julius SchröderChristian Democratic Union aideWest Germany1959East Germany [66]
Arthur Wegner University of Münster law professorWest Germany1959East Germany [67]
John B. WittUnited States ArmyUnited States1959Czechoslovakia [68]
Franz BöttgerBundeswehrWest Germany1960East Germany [69]
Guy BouchardCanadian ArmyCanada1960East Germany [70]
Horst Braun Bundesluftwaffe West Germany1960East Germany [69]
Bruce DavisUnited States ArmyUnited States1960Soviet Union [49]
Joseph Dutkanicz (Dutkanich [71] )United States Army Military Intelligence United States1960Soviet Union
Richard GromekBundeswehrWest Germany1960East Germany [72]
Gilbert Paul JenkersonBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1960East Germany [73]
Bernon F. Mitchell National Security Agency United States1960Soviet Union [74]
William H. MartinNational Security AgencyUnited States1960Soviet Union [74]
Peter PetrichBundeswehrWest Germany1960East Germany [72]
Serafin SanchezUnited States Air ForceUnited States1960Cuba [75]
Paul Schlüter Social Democratic Party of Germany politicianWest Germany1960East Germany [76]
Vladimir SlobodaUnited States Army Military IntelligenceUnited States1960Soviet Union [77]
John StroblCanadian ArmyCanada1960East Germany [78]
Horst TuschlaBundeswehrWest Germany1960East Germany [69]
Otto WeissenbergerCartographerWest Germany1960East Germany [79]
Walter BarthBundeswehrWest Germany1961East Germany [80]
Walter HagemannChristian Democratic Union politician and University of Münster journalism professorWest Germany1961East Germany [81]
K. H. FalkBundesamt für VerfassungsschutzWest Germany1961East Germany [82]
Fernando Ganhao Portuguese Army Portugal 1961 Mozambique Liberation Front [83]
Ollie Harrington CartoonistUnited States1961East Germany
Junge family University of Washington scientistsUnited States1961Czechoslovakia [84]
Winfried KrychowskiBundeswehrWest Germany1961East Germany [80]
Mohamed Lamari French Army France 1961Algerian National Liberation Front
Wolfgang ObjegloBundeswehrWest Germany1961East Germany [80]
Mário Moutinho de PáduaPortuguese ArmyPortugal1961 Congo-Léopoldville [85]
Larry Allen Abshier United States ArmyUnited States1962North Korea
Wilfried AlsguthBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Herbert BöhmerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Heinz-Dieter BrehningBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
James Joseph Dresnok United States ArmyUnited States1962North Korea
Günther FischerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Heinrich FrankBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
R. S. HareldUnited States ArmyUnited States1962Czechoslovakia [87]
Guntram HoffmannBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Rudolf Abel Atomic spyUnited States1962Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Bobby Joe Keesee United States ArmyUnited States1962Cuba [88]
Henry KiernanUnited States ArmyUnited States1962East Germany [89]
Albert KostedeBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Richard LangBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
David MichaelEngineerUnited States1962Cuba [90]
Erwin MiranBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Nguyen Van Cu Republic of Vietnam Air Force South Vietnam 1962 Cambodia [91]
Klaus ReichardtBundesluftwaffeWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Willi SalzmannBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Peter-Joseph SchödderBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Manfred SchüsslerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Horst PilgerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Peter PitzenBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Bodo RatzingerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Dieter SchmutzlerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Otto SchwarzBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Ronald StanleyBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1962East Germany [92]
Jürgen Steinigtweg Bundesmarine Marineflieger West Germany1962East Germany [86]
Robert StuckhausBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Wolfgang VogtBundesluftwaffeWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Berthold WizienBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany [86]
Thomas BadeyUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany [93]
Frank BartonUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany [94]
Richard BourretPhysicistUnited States1963Cuba [95]
Benjamin CainUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany [96]
Klaus ChepelierBundeswehrWest Germany1963East Germany [97]
Victor Norris Hamilton National Security AgencyUnited States1963Soviet Union
Reymond Herzet Belgian Army Belgium 1963East Germany [98]
Gary MartzkeUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany [99]
Roberto "Robert" Ramos MichelenaUnited States Air ForceUnited States1963Cuba [100]
James Carl MooreUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany [101]
Heinrich James NewtonUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany [102]
Jerry Wayne Parrish United States ArmyUnited States1963North Korea
Brian Patchett British ArmyUnited Kingdom1963East Germany [103]
Christopher John PengateBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1963East Germany [104]
Kim Philby MI6 United Kingdom1963Soviet Union
Alfred SvensonUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany [105]
Willard E. ValentiniUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany [106]
Jacinto Veloso Portuguese Air Force Portugal1963Mozambique Liberation Front [107]
Chan Chueh Olympic Games officialTaiwan1964China [108]
Cheng Yi-Ming Intelligence Bureau Taiwan1964China [109]
Li Fung-ryongRepublic of Korea Army South Korea 1964North Korea [110]
Theo van Eijck Marine-Luchtvaartdienst Netherlands1964 Libya [111]
Anatoly P. KotlobyRocket scientistUnited States1964Soviet Union [112]
Ma Ching-Shan Olympic sharpshooter Taiwan1964China [113]
Claude SwainUnited States ArmyUnited States1964East Germany [114]
Zhao Zongli Republic of China Navy Taiwan1964China [115]
Bui Van TrachRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceSouth Vietnam1965Cambodia [116]
Chan Chen-ChinRepublic of China ArmyTaiwan1965China [117]
Chen LiIntelligence BureauTaiwan1965China [118]
Alfred Frenzel Social Democratic Party of Germany politicianWest Germany1965Exchanged to Czechoslovakia
Hua Tsu-HsinDiplomatTaiwan1965China [119]
Charles Robert Jenkins United States ArmyUnited States1965North Korea
Glen Roy Rohrer United States Army Military IntelligenceUnited States1965Czechoslovakia
Ana Maria Silva PaisDaughter of PIDE Director Fernando SilvaPortugal1965Cuba [120]
Li Zongren Former Kuomintang politician, vice president, and acting president of China United States1965China [121]
Nguyen Chi Canh Huế police chiefSouth Vietnam1965 North Vietnam [122]
Stephen BiggsBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1965East Germany [123]
Harold M. Koch Roman Catholic priestUnited States1966Soviet Union [124]
John Discoe SmithUnited States State DepartmentUnited States1966Soviet Union [125] [126]
Nguyen Duch HienRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceSouth Vietnam1966Cambodia [127]
Craig Anderson United States Navy United States1967 Sweden [128]
Richard BaileyUnited States NavyUnited States1967Sweden [128] via Japan [129]
John BarillaUnited States NavyUnited States1967Sweden [128]
George Blake MI6United Kingdom1967Soviet Union
Lorenzo Brown United States military United Statesc. 1967Sweden
Costa CalfelisJournalist Greece 1967Switzerland [130]
Des CarragherUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Jerry CondonUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Jerry Dass Green Beret SFOD B, S-5United Statesc. 1967Sweden [131] [132]
Jimmy DotsonUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
John ForlerUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Kenneth C. GriggsUnited States ArmyUnited States1967Cuba [133]
Bob JansonUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Roy Ray JonesUnited States ArmyUnited States1967Sweden [134]
Walter HarshallUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Tom HayesUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden, later managed Clergy & Layman Concerned
Roger HinchliffeUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Dick KilmerUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Steve KinnemanUnited States ArmyUnited States1967Sweden [135] via Thailand, and Laos [129]
Michael LindnerUnited States NavyUnited States1967Sweden [128]
William MalesUnited States ArmyUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden [129]
McKinley Nolan United States ArmyUnited States1967North Vietnam [136]
Henry NordbyUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Rich PauleyUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Richard Harwood PearceUnited States ArmyUnited States1967Cuba [137]
Irving RubinUnited States ArmyUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden [129]
Arnold Schölzel BundeswehrWest Germany1967East Germany
David SmithUnited States ArmyUnited States1967Sweden [129]
Joe StewartUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Tseng Chao-PingRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1967China [138]
Herbert WashingtonUnited States ArmyUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden [129]
Ted WeisbergUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Terry Whitmore United States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Robert ArgentoUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [139]
Edwin ArnettUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [140]
John AshleyUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [139]
Samuel BrownUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [141]
Gerald BurgerUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [141]
Robert BurroughsUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [139]
Robert CarrollUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [141]
Kenneth CooperUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [141]
Erwin FosterUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [139]
David HaireUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [142]
Rodney HuthUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1968Sweden [141]
Edward JohnsonUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [142]
William JonesUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [139]
Bruce Mayor Draft evader United States1968Sweden [129]
Richard Lee McKinneyUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1968Sweden [143]
Peter MoebiusPhysicistWest Germany1968East Germany [144]
Justin OlsonUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [139]
Herbert Patzelt European Atomic Energy Community aideWest Germany1968East Germany [144]
William PercellUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [142]
Ehrenfried PetrasMicrobiologistWest Germany1968East Germany [145]
Bruce ProctorFormer Defense Intelligence Agency analystUnited States1968Sweden [146]
Richard Lee ProppUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [139]
David RomanUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [141]
Raymond SansivieroUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1968Sweden [147]
Parker SmithUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [139]
Vincent StrolloUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [141]
Richard TannimuraUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [141]
Gregory VitarelleUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [141]
Mark WarrellUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [141]
Eugene WestbrooksUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden [141]
J. W. WrightUnited States Air ForceUnited States1968Soviet Union [148]
William Lee Brent Black Panther Party activistUnited States1969Cuba
Irvin Leon ButlerUnited States NavyUnited States1969Sweden [149]
Lona Cohen Atomic spyUnited States1969Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Morris Cohen Atomic spyUnited States1969Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Jerry Bhagwan DassUnited States ArmyUnited States1969Sweden [150]
Robert Edward DostlikUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1969Cuba [151]
Heinz Felfe Bundesnachrichtendienst West Germany1969Exchanged to East Germany
Olaf FoertschBundeswehrWest Germany1969East Germany [152]
Ludwig GummertBundeswehrWest Germany1969East Germany [153]
Thomas KavanaughUnited States ArmyUnited States1969East Germany [154]
Hans-Joachim KruseBundeswehrWest Germany1969East Germany [155]
Robert KündigerBundesmarineWest Germany1969East Germany [156]
John LowneyUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1969North Vietnam [157]
Vassilios TsironisDoctor of MedicineGreece1969 Albania [158]
Jim WalchUnited States ArmyUnited States1969Sweden [129]
Zhou ZhendeRepublic of China ArmyTaiwan1969China [159]
Kimihuro Uomoto Japanese Red Army Japan1970North Korea
Kimiko FukudomeJapanese Red ArmyJapan1970North Korea
Kintaro YoshidaJapanese Red ArmyJapan1970North Korea
Moriaki Wakabayashi Japanese Red ArmyJapan1970North Korea
Shirō AkagiJapanese Red ArmyJapan1970North Korea
Takahiro KonishiJapanese Red ArmyJapan1970North Korea
Takamaro TamiyaJapanese Red ArmyJapan1970North Korea
Takeshi OkamotoJapanese Red ArmyJapan1970North Korea
Yasuhiro ShibataJapanese Red ArmyJapan1970North Korea
Alvin Glatkowski United States Merchant Marine United States1970Attempted defection to Cambodia
Clyde McKay United States Merchant MarineUnited States1970Attempted defection to Cambodia
Marc Carbonneau Front de libération du Québec Canada1970Cuba
Jacques Cossette-Trudel Front de libération du QuébecCanada1970Cuba
Yves Langlois Front de libération du QuébecCanada1970Cuba
Larry HumphreyUnited States ArmyUnited States1970Cambodia [160]
Mihalis Maniadakis Royal Hellenic Air Force Greece1970Soviet Union [161]
Chang Shuang-Chao Ministry of Finance aideTaiwan1971China [162]
Sun Chi-ChouDiplomatTaiwan1971China [163]
Michael DeberryUnited States ArmyUnited States1971Sweden [129]
Tom HorneGreen BeretUnited Statesc. 1971Sweden [164]
Ernest HunterUnited States Air ForceUnited Statesc. 1971Sweden [165]
Hans-Dieter Reinkensmeier German Army Aviation Corps West Germany1971East Germany [166]
Harold Hill Rolls-Royce Limited engineerUnited Kingdom1971Soviet Union [167]
Esteban LlanaUnited States Air ForceUnited States1971 Panama [168]
Jaime MoraisPortuguese ArmyPortugal1971Sweden [169]
Bernard PryerUnited States ArmyUnited States1971Panama [168]
John R. VequistUnited States ArmyUnited States1971Sweden [170]
Tobey WagnerUnited States ArmyUnited States1971Panama [168]
Kevin CadwalladerBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1972Sweden [171]
Ngo Cong DucJournalistSouth Vietnam1972Sweden [172]
Pham Van Dinh Army of the Republic of Vietnam South Vietnam1972North Vietnam [167]
Sung Wei-PiFormer diplomatTaiwan1973People's Republic of China [173]
Gerard BurnsBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1974 Ireland [174]
Nguyen Thanh TrungRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceSouth Vietnam1975North Vietnam [175]
Jürgen SchneiderBundeswehrWest Germany1976East Germany [176]
Bong JuRepublic of Korea Army South Korea 1977North Korea [177]
William Joseph BlackUnited States ArmyUnited States1977Czechoslovakia [178]
Yu Un-hakRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1977North Korea [177]
Robert Thompson United States Air ForceUnited States1978Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Erhard MuellerBundesmarine aviation wingWest Germany1978East Germany [179]
Li Jun-gwangRepublic of Korea Army military intelligenceSouth Korea1978North Korea [180]
Roy Chung United States ArmyUnited States1979East Germany, then to North Korea
Ursel Lorenzen NATO aideWest Germany1979East Germany [181]
Christel BroszeyChristian Democratic Union aideWest Germany1979East Germany [182]
Inge GoliathChristian Democratic Union aideWest Germany1979East Germany [182]
Helga Roediger Federal Ministry of Finance West Germany1979East Germany [183]
Alexander Lambert Bureau of State Security South Africa 1979Sweden [184]
Justin Lin Republic of China ArmyTaiwan1979China
Friedrich Tomberg Pädagogische Hochschule philosophy professorWest Germany1979East Germany [185]
Kim Ryong-jinRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1979North Korea [186]
Imelda VerreptNATO aideBelgium1980East Germany [187]
Günter Guillaume Aide to the West German Chancellor West Germany1981Exchanged to East Germany
Frank Terpil Central Intelligence Agency United States1981 Libya, then to Cuba [188]
Huang ZhichengRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1981China [189]
Ma BiKuomintang adviserTaiwan1981China [190]
Robert Vesco FinancierUnited States1982Cuba
Joseph T. White United States ArmyUnited States1982North Korea
Gerhard G.Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany 1982East Germany [191]
Gerald Andreas Eckert South African Army South Africa1983 Mozambique [192]
Li DaweiRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1983China [193]
Mun Sang-cholRepublic of Korea Army South Korea 1983North Korea [194]
Alessio Casimirri Red Brigades Italy1983 Nicaragua
Nam MccurdyWriterUnited States1983Nicaragua
Assata Shakur Black Panther Party activistUnited States1984Cuba
Xie YuchenFilm directorTaiwan1984China [196]
Zhang JinfengFilm producerTaiwan1984China [196]
Hans Tiedge Bundesamt für VerfassungsschutzWest Germany1985East Germany
Jeffrey Carney United States Air ForceUnited States1985East Germany
Ra Il-ryongRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1985North Korea [197]
Edward Lee Howard Central Intelligence AgencyUnited States1985Soviet Union
Sonja LuenbergAide to the Federal Minister of the Economy Martin Bangemann West Germany1985East Germany [198]
Herta-Astrid WillnerAide to the West German ChancellorWest Germany1985East Germany [199]
Herbert WillnerDefence analystWest Germany1985East Germany [199]
Rudolf Alken University of Mainz researcherWest Germany1985East Germany [200]
Karl Koecher Central Intelligence AgencyUnited States1986Exchanged to Czechoslovakia
Hugo AlmeidaUnited States ArmyUnited States1986Cuba
Glenn Michael Souther United States NavyUnited States1986Soviet Union [201]
Arnold Lockshin BiochemistUnited States1986Soviet Union
Wang XijueAirline pilotTaiwan1986China [202]
Wade E. RobertsUnited States ArmyUnited States1987Soviet Union [203] [204] [205]
Stig Bergling Swedish Security Service Sweden1987Soviet Union via Finland [206]
Theodore BranchRadio announcerUnited States1987Soviet Union [207]
Choe Deok-sin Former South Korean diplomat and foreign minister United States1987North Korea
Song Chang-guUnited States Army aideSouth Korea1988North Korea [208]
Lin XianshunRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1989China [209]
Michael Peri United States ArmyUnited States1989East Germany

Defections after 1991

DefectorProfession/ProminenceCountry of originYear of defectionCountry of defection
Maurizio GelliBusinessman [210] [211] [212] [213] Italy 2009 Nicaragua
Edward Snowden National Security Agency contractor United States 2013 Russia
Choe In-gukSouth Korean citizen South Korea 2019 North Korea
Evan Neumann Trumpist militantUnited States2022 Belarus
Emil Czeczko Polish Land Forces Poland 2021Belarus [214]
Travis King United States Army United States2023North Korea [215] [216]
Tara Reade Former Congressional aide United States2023Russia [217]
John David McIntyreUnited States Army veteranUnited States2023Russia [218]
Wilmer Puello-MotaFormer Holyoke, Massachusetts city councillor and former Massachusetts Air National Guard airmanUnited States2024Russia [219] [220] [221] [222]
Tomasz Szmydt JudgePoland2024Belarus [223]
Jay FraserBrewerUnited Kingdom2024Russia [224]
Aiden MinnisBritish citizenUnited Kingdom2024Russia [225]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Long, Vu (31 August 2012). "Lính lê dương Đức trong chiến tranh Đông Dương - Tư liệu". BáoTinTức.vn (in Vietnamese). baotintuc.vn. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  2. ↑ "Ernst Frey - Bücher". Perlentaucher Das Kulturmagazin (in German). Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  3. ↑ Thế Tào, Hoàng (27 December 2012). "Phi công "ngoại" đầu tiên của không quân Việt Nam" [The First "Foreign" Pilot of the Vietnam Air Force]. Người đưa tin (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  4. ↑ Makris, A (20 October 2012). "Sarantidis: The Greek Who Fought in Vietnam". Greek Reporter. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  5. ↑ "Cổng TTĐT Cộng Đồng - Trang chủ - Quê Việt". queviet.pl. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  6. ↑ Yonhap News Agency, Seoul (2002). North Korea Handbook. M. E. Sharpe Incorporated. p. 175. ISBN   9780765635235 . Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "LeMO Bestand: Biografie Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler". hdg.de. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  8. ↑ (in German) Buchvernissage: Von der Fremdenlegion zum vietnamesischen Widerstand Archived 7 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Book Launch: From the Foreign Legion to the Vietnamese Resistance). Universität Basel 28 October 2011.
  9. ↑ "American Woman Quits Embassy Job in Moscow". St. Petersburg Times. 28 February 1948. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  10. ↑ Gause, K.E. (2011). North Korea under Kim Chong-il: Power, Politics, and Prospects for Change: Power, Politics, and Prospects for Change. ABC-CLIO. p. 45. ISBN   9780313381768 . Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  11. 1 2 Edwards, P.M. (2006). Korean War Almanac . Facts On File, Incorporated. p.  28. ISBN   9780816074679 . Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  12. ↑ Kim, H.; Arizona State University (2009). National Consciousness in Korean Art Songs: Selected Six Composers. Arizona State University. p. 25. ISBN   9781109179545 . Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  13. 1 2 "The Press: No Sale". Time. 18 September 1950. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011.
  14. ↑ "Scot "Quite Happy" In Soviet Zone". The Glasgow Herald. 28 October 1949. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
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