List of Western Bloc defectors

Last updated

This is an incomplete list of Western Bloc intelligence agents, military personnel, scientists, politicians, diplomats, and other prominent people who defected to Eastern Bloc or non-aligned countries during the Cold War and after.

Contents

Defections before 1991

DefectorProfession/ProminenceCountry of originYear of DefectionCountry of defection
Erwin Borchers French Foreign Legion Germany / France1945 Viet Minh [1]
Ernst Frey French Foreign Legion Austria / France1945Viet Minh [2]
Siegfried Wenzel French Foreign Legion Germany / France1945Viet Minh [3]
Kostas Sarantidis French Foreign Legion Greece / France1946Viet Minh [4]
Stefan Kubiak French Foreign Legion Poland / France1946Viet Minh [5]
Park Si-hyeongHistorian South Korea (U.S. Occupation Zone)1946 North Korea (Soviet Occupation Zone) [6]
Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler BBC journalist West Germany (British Occupation Zone)1947 East Germany (Soviet Occupation Zone) [7]
Emil Selhofer French Foreign Legion Switzerland / France1947Viet Minh [8]
George Shaw Wheeler Foreign Economic Administration economistUnited States1947 Czechoslovakia
Annabelle Bucar State Department United States1948Soviet Union [9]
Hong Myong-hui Writer South Korea 1948North Korea [10]
Kang Tae-mu Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1948North Korea [11]
Kim Sun-namComposer South Korea 1948North Korea [12]
George Koval Atomic spy United States1948 Soviet Union
James McMillin United States Army cryptographer United States1948Soviet Union
Pyo Mu-won Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1948North Korea [11]
Albert Clavier French Army France1949Viet Minh
Robert Dagleish Foreign Office United Kingdom1949Soviet Union [13]
Gerhart Eisler JournalistUnited States1949East Germany
Noel Field State Department United States1949Czechoslovakia
Archibald Johnstone JournalistUnited Kingdom1949Soviet Union [13]
James Stuart British Army United Kingdom1949East Germany [14]
Miroslav Surý French Foreign Legion Czechoslovakia / France1949Viet Minh [15]
František Vaňhara French Foreign Legion Czechoslovakia / France1949Viet Minh [15]
David Young Royal Navy United Kingdom1949 People's Republic of China [16]
Leopold Infeld University of Toronto physicistCanada1950Poland
Ian Milner United Nations diplomatAustralia1950Czechoslovakia [17]
Ján Poláček French Foreign Legion Czechoslovakia / France1950Viet Minh [15]
Bruno Pontecorvo Atomic physicist Italy / United Kingdom1950Soviet Union (via Finland)
John Peet Reuters correspondentUnited Kingdom1950East Germany
Nâzım Hikmet Ran Poet Turkey 1950Soviet Union
Ri Sung-gi Seoul National University chemistry professor South Korea 1950North Korea
Arna Rides British Council medical adviserUnited Kingdom1950Czechoslovakia [18]
Josef Zvoník French Foreign Legion Czechoslovakia / France1950Viet Minh [15]
Guy Burgess Foreign Office /MI5 United Kingdom1951Soviet Union
Donald Maclean Foreign Office United Kingdom1951Soviet Union
Alfred Sarant Military engineer / Atomic spy United States1951 Poland, then Soviet Union
Joel Barr Military engineer / Atomic spy United States1951Czechoslovakia, then Soviet Union
Margaret Schlauch New York University English professorUnited States1951Poland [19]
Weng Wenhao Geologist and Kuomintang politician Taiwan 1951People's Republic of China [20]
Heiner Braun Track athlete (5000 meters) West Germany 1952East Germany [21]
Stefan Heym United States Army / WriterUnited States1952Czechoslovakia, then East Germany
Günther Gereke Christian Democratic Union politician West Germany 1952East Germany [22]
Victor Grossman United States Army United States1952East Germany [23]
Kug Yong-am Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1952North Korea [24]
Charles Lucas United States Army United States1952East Germany [25] [26]
Aubrey E. Miles United States Army United States1952East Germany [27]
Wolfgang Gans zu Putlitz MI5 United Kingdom1952East Germany [28]
Miloud Salhi French Army France1952Viet Minh [29]
Clarence Adams United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Howard Gayle Adams United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Albert Constant Belhomme United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Otto Grayson Bell United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Arthur Boyd United States Army United States1953East Germany [31]
Andrew Condron Royal Marines United Kingdom1953People's Republic of China [32]
Richard G. Corden United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
William Cowart United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
W. Glancy British Army United Kingdom1953East Germany [33]
Rufus Douglas United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
John Roedel Dunn United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Andrew Fortuna United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Hans Joachim Geyer Gehlen Organization West Germany 1953East Germany [34]
Lewis Griggs United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Samuel David Hawkins United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China
Wolfgang Höher Gehlen Organization West Germany 1953East Germany [35]
R. Irvine British Army United Kingdom1953East Germany [33]
Kim Sung-bai Republic of Korea Air Force South Korea 1953North Korea [36]
S. Lewes British Army United Kingdom1953East Germany [33]
Norman M. Lowell United States Army United States1953East Germany [37]
R. W. Luwman Royal Netherlands Army Netherlands 1953East Germany [38]
Clifford F. Murphy United States Army United States1953East Germany [39]
Arlie Pate United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Scott Rush United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Lowell Skinner United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Larance Sullivan United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Richard Tenneson United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
James Veneris United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Harold Webb United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
R. Wanroy Royal Netherlands Army Netherlands 1953East Germany [38]
William White United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Morris Wills United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Aaron Wilson United States Army United States1953People's Republic of China [30]
Stanislaw Zdanowski United States Army United States1953Poland [40]
William Donal Adkins United States Army United States1954Soviet Union [41]
Choi Man-chong Republic of Korea Air Force South Korea 1954North Korea [42]
Joseph Cort Doctor of Medicine and University of Birmingham physiology lecturerUnited States1954Czechoslovakia [43]
James Davis United States Army United States1954Czechoslovakia [44]
Bruno FoltaRadio announcer West Germany 1954Czechoslovakia [45]
Raymond H. Hutto United States Army United States1954East Germany [46]
Otto John Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany 1954East Germany
Karl Franz Schmidt-Wittmack Bundestag deputy and Christian Democratic Union politician West Germany 1954East Germany [47]
Richard Squires British Army United Kingdom1954Soviet Union [48]
William Turner United States Army United States1954Soviet Union [49]
Ralph Bernard Frederick Cross Canadian Army Canada1955East Germany [50]
James W. Pulley United States Army United States1955East Germany [46]
Manfred von Brauchitsch Racing driver West Germany 1955East Germany
Ho Wei-Chin Republic of China Air Force Taiwan 1955People's Republic of China [51]
B. F. Holland United States Army United States1955East Germany [52]
Horst Spanier United States Army United States1955East Germany [53]
Wei Li-Huang Republic of China Army Taiwan 1955People's Republic of China [54]
Hung Chin-Shan Republic of China Police Taiwan 1955People's Republic of China [55]
Henri Maillot French Army France1956 Algerian National Liberation Front
Wolf-Dieter Loebl Bundeswehr West Germany 1956East Germany [56]
Orest Stephen Makar Photogrammetrist and St. Louis University engineering associate professor United States1956Soviet Union [57]
Anthony Wraight Royal Air Force United Kingdom1956Soviet Union [58]
Augustin Cabrera Oroza Spanish Navy Spain 1957 Mexico [59]
Manuel Fernandez Rodriguez Spanish Navy Spain 1957Mexico [59]
Ginas Jiminez Nortes Spanish Navy Spain 1957Mexico [59]
Enrique Medina Fernandez Spanish Navy Spain 1957Mexico [59]
Jürgen Mickeleit Bundeswehr West Germany 1957East Germany [60]
Victor Rodriguez Spanish Navy Spain 1957Mexico [59]
Alfred Kaufman Stern Philanthropist United States1957Czechoslovakia
Martha Dodd Stern Philanthropist United States1957Czechoslovakia
Ernie Fletcher United States Army United States1959East Germany [61]
Klaus Fuchs Atomic spy United Kingdom1959Exchanged to East Germany
Ho Ye-Chen Republic of China Army Taiwan 1959People's Republic of China [62]
Arnold Kephart United States Army United States1959East Germany [63]
Billy Mullis United States Army United States1959East Germany [64]
Lee Harvey Oswald United States Marine Corps United States1959Soviet Union via Finland, rejected from Cuba
Libero Ricciardelli United States Air Force United States1959Soviet Union [65]
Franz Julius Schröder Christian Democratic Union aide West Germany 1959East Germany [66]
Arthur Wegner University of Münster law professor West Germany 1959East Germany [67]
John B. Witt United States Army United States1959 Czechoslovakia [68]
Franz Böttger Bundeswehr West Germany 1960East Germany [69]
Guy Bouchard Canadian Army Canada1960East Germany [70]
Horst Braun Bundesluftwaffe West Germany 1960East Germany [69]
Bruce Davis United States Army United States1960Soviet Union [49]
Joseph Dutkanicz United States Army Military Intelligence United States1960Soviet Union
Richard Gromek Bundeswehr West Germany 1960East Germany [71]
Gilbert Paul Jenkerson British Army United Kingdom1960East Germany [72]
Bernon F. Mitchell National Security Agency United States1960Soviet Union [73]
William H. Martin National Security Agency United States1960Soviet Union [73]
Peter Petrich Bundeswehr West Germany 1960East Germany [71]
Serafin Sanchez United States Air Force United States1960 Cuba [74]
Paul Schlüter Social Democratic Party of Germany politician West Germany 1960East Germany [75]
Vladimir Sloboda United States Army Military Intelligence United States1960Soviet Union [76]
John Strobl Canadian Army Canada1960East Germany [77]
Horst Tuschla Bundeswehr West Germany 1960East Germany [69]
Otto Weissenberger Cartographer West Germany 1960East Germany [78]
Walter Barth Bundeswehr West Germany 1961East Germany [79]
Walter Hagemann Christian Democratic Union politician and University of Münster journalism professor West Germany 1961East Germany [80]
K. H. Falk Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany 1961East Germany [81]
Fernando Ganhao Portuguese Army Portugal 1961 Mozambican Liberation Front [82]
Ollie Harrington Cartoonist United States1961East Germany
Junge family University of Washington scientistsUnited States1961 Czechoslovakia [83]
Winfried Krychowski Bundeswehr West Germany 1961East Germany [79]
Mohamed Lamari French Army France1961 Algerian National Liberation Front
Wolfgang Objeglo Bundeswehr West Germany 1961East Germany [79]
Mário Moutinho de Pádua Portuguese Army Portugal 1961 Congo-Léopoldville [84]
Larry Allen Abshier United States Army United States1962North Korea
Wilfried Alsguth Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Herbert Böhmer Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Heinz-Dieter Brehning Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
James Joseph Dresnok United States Army United States1962North Korea
Günther Fischer Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Heinrich Frank Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
R. S. Hareld United States Army United States1962 Czechoslovakia [86]
Guntram Hoffmann Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Rudolf Abel Atomic spy United States1962Exchanged to Soviet Union
Bobby Joe Keesee United States Army United States1962 Cuba [87]
Henry Kiernan United States Army United States1962East Germany [88]
Albert Kostede Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Richard Lang Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
David MichaelEngineerUnited States1962 Cuba [89]
Erwin Miran Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Nguyen Van Cu Republic of Vietnam Air Force South Vietnam 1962 Cambodia [90]
Klaus Reichardt Bundesluftwaffe West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Willi Salzmann Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Peter-Joseph Schödder Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Manfred Schüssler Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Horst Pilger Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Peter Pitzen Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Bodo Ratzinger Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Dieter Schmutzler Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Otto Schwarz Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Ronald Stanley British Army United Kingdom1962East Germany [91]
Jürgen Steinigtweg Bundesmarine Marineflieger West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Robert Stuckhaus Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Wolfgang Vogt Bundesluftwaffe West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Berthold Wizien Bundeswehr West Germany 1962East Germany [85]
Thomas Badey United States Army United States1963East Germany [92]
Frank Barton United States Army United States1963East Germany [93]
Richard Bourret Physicist United States1963 Cuba [94]
Benjamin Cain United States Army United States1963East Germany [95]
Klaus Chepelier Bundeswehr West Germany 1963East Germany [96]
Victor Norris Hamilton National Security Agency United States1963Soviet Union
Reymond Herzet Belgian Army Belgium 1963East Germany [97]
Gary Martzke United States Army United States1963East Germany [98]
Roberto "Robert" Ramos Michelena United States Air Force United States1963 Cuba [99]
James Carl Moore United States Army United States1963East Germany [100]
Heinrich James Newton United States Army United States1963East Germany [101]
Jerry Wayne Parrish United States Army United States1963North Korea
Brian Patchett British Army United Kingdom1963East Germany [102]
Christopher John Pengate British Army United Kingdom1963East Germany [103]
Kim Philby Secret Intelligence Service United Kingdom1963Soviet Union
Alfred Svenson United States Army United States1963East Germany [104]
Willard E. Valentini United States Army United States1963East Germany [105]
Jacinto Veloso Portuguese Air Force Portugal 1963 Mozambican Liberation Front [106]
Chan Chueh Olympic Games official Taiwan 1964People's Republic of China [107]
Cheng Yi-Ming Intelligence Bureau Taiwan 1964People's Republic of China [108]
Li Fung-ryong Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1964North Korea [109]
Theo van Eijck Marine-Luchtvaartdienst Netherlands 1964 Libya [110]
Anatoly P. Kotloby Rocket scientist United States1964Soviet Union [111]
Ma Ching-Shan Olympic sharpshooter Taiwan 1964People's Republic of China [112]
Claude Swain United States Army United States1964East Germany [113]
Zhao Zongli Republic of China Navy Taiwan 1964People's Republic of China [114]
Bui Van Trach Republic of Vietnam Air Force South Vietnam 1965 Cambodia [115]
Chan Chen-Chin Republic of China Army Taiwan 1965People's Republic of China [116]
Chen Li Intelligence Bureau Taiwan 1965People's Republic of China [117]
Alfred Frenzel Social Democratic Party of Germany politician West Germany 1965Exchanged to Czechoslovakia
Hua Tsu-HsinDiplomat Taiwan 1965People's Republic of China [118]
Charles Robert Jenkins United States Army United States1965North Korea
Glen Roy Rohrer United States Army Military Intelligence United States1965 Czechoslovakia
Ana Maria Silva PaisDaughter of PIDE Director Fernando Silva Portugal 1965 Cuba [119]
Li Zongren Former Kuomintang politician, vice president and acting president of China United States1965People's Republic of China [120]
Nguyen Chi Canh Huế police chief South Vietnam 1965 North Vietnam [121]
Stephen Biggs British Army United Kingdom1965East Germany [122]
Harold M. Koch Roman Catholic priest United States1966Soviet Union [123]
John Discoe Smith State Department United States1966Soviet Union [124] [125]
Nguyen Duch Hien Republic of Vietnam Air Force South Vietnam 1966 Cambodia [126]
Craig Anderson United States Navy United States1967Sweden [127]
Richard Bailey United States Navy United States1967Sweden [127] via Japan [128]
John Barilla United States Navy United States1967Sweden [127]
George Blake Secret Intelligence Service United Kingdom1967Soviet Union
Lorenzo Brown United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Costa CalfelisJournalist Greece 1967 Switzerland [129]
Des Carragher United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Jerry Condon United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Jerry Dass Green Beret SFOD B, S-5United Statesc.1967Sweden [130] [131]
Jimmy Dotson United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
John Forler United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Kenneth C. Griggs United States Army United States1967 Cuba [132]
Bob Janson United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Roy Ray Jones United States Army United States1967Sweden [133]
Walter Harshall United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Tom Hayes United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden, later managed Clergy & Layman Concerned
Roger Hinchliffe United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Dick Kilmer United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Steve Kinneman United States Army United States1967Sweden [134] via Thailand, and Laos [128]
Michael Lindner United States Navy United States1967Sweden [127]
William Males United States Army United Statesc.1967Sweden [128]
McKinley Nolan United States Army United States1967 North Vietnam [135]
Henry Nordby United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Rich Pauley United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Richard Harwood Pearce United States Army United States1967 Cuba [136]
Irving Rubin United States Army United Statesc.1967Sweden [128]
Arnold Schölzel Bundeswehr West Germany 1967East Germany
David Smith United States Army United States1967Sweden [128]
Joe Stewart United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Tseng Chao-Ping Republic of China Air Force Taiwan 1967People's Republic of China [137]
Herbert Washington USAREUR United Statesc.1967Sweden [128]
Ted Weisberg United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Terry Whitmore United States military United Statesc.1967Sweden
Robert Argento United States Army United States1968Sweden [138]
Edwin Arnett United States Army United States1968Sweden [139]
John Ashley United States Army United States1968Sweden [138]
Samuel Brown United States Army United States1968Sweden [140]
Gerald Burger United States Army United States1968Sweden [140]
Robert Burroughs United States Army United States1968Sweden [138]
Robert Carroll United States Army United States1968Sweden [140]
Kenneth Cooper United States Army United States1968Sweden [140]
Erwin Foster United States Army United States1968Sweden [138]
David Haire United States Army United States1968Sweden [141]
Rodney Huth United States Marine Corps United States1968Sweden [140]
Edward Johnson United States Army United States1968Sweden [141]
William Jones United States Army United States1968Sweden [138]
Bruce Mayor Draft evader United States1968Sweden, served in the Swedish Army and has run for a seat in Parliament [128]
Richard Lee McKinney United States Marine Corps United States1968Sweden [142]
Peter Moebius Physicist West Germany 1968East Germany [143]
Justin Olson United States Army United States1968Sweden [138]
Herbert Patzelt European Atomic Energy Community aide West Germany 1968East Germany [143]
William Percell United States Army United States1968Sweden [141]
Ehrenfried Petras Microbiologist West Germany 1968East Germany [144]
Bruce ProctorFormer Defense Intelligence Agency analystUnited States1968Sweden [145]
Richard Lee Propp United States Army United States1968Sweden [138]
David Roman United States Army United States1968Sweden [140]
Raymond Sansiviero United States Marine Corps United States1968Sweden [146]
Parker Smith United States Army United States1968Sweden [138]
Vincent Strollo United States Army United States1968Sweden [140]
Richard Tannimura United States Army United States1968Sweden [140]
Gregory Vitarelle United States Army United States1968Sweden [140]
Mark Warrell United States Army United States1968Sweden [140]
Eugene Westbrooks United States Army United States1968Sweden [140]
J. W. Wright United States Air Force United States1968Soviet Union [147]
William Lee Brent Black Panther Party activistUnited States1969 Cuba
Irvin Leon Butler United States Navy United States1969Sweden [148]
Lona Cohen Atomic spies United States1969Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Morris Cohen Atomic spies United States1969Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Jerry Bhagwan Dass United States Army United States1969Sweden [149]
Robert Edward Dostlik United States Marine Corps United States1969 Cuba [150]
Heinz Felfe Bundesnachrichtendienst West Germany 1969Exchanged to East Germany
Olaf Foertsch Bundeswehr West Germany 1969East Germany [151]
Ludwig Gummert Bundeswehr West Germany 1969East Germany [152]
Thomas Kavanaugh United States Army United States1969East Germany [153]
Hans-Joachim Kruse Bundeswehr West Germany 1969East Germany [154]
Robert Kündiger Bundesmarine West Germany 1969East Germany [155]
John Lowney United States Marine Corps United States1969 North Vietnam [156]
Vassilios Tsironis Doctor of Medicine Greece 1969 Albania [157]
Jim Walch United States Army United States1969Sweden [128]
Zhou Zhende Republic of China Army Taiwan 1969People's Republic of China [158]
Kimihuro Uomoto Red Army Faction (Japan) Japan 1970North Korea
Kimiko Fukudome Red Army Faction (Japan) Japan 1970North Korea
Kintaro Yoshida Red Army Faction (Japan) Japan 1970North Korea
Moriaki Wakabayashi Red Army Faction (Japan) Japan 1970North Korea
Shirō Akagi Red Army Faction (Japan) Japan 1970North Korea
Takahiro Konishi Red Army Faction (Japan) Japan 1970North Korea
Takamaro Tamiya Red Army Faction (Japan) Japan 1970North Korea
Takeshi Okamoto Red Army Faction (Japan) Japan 1970North Korea
Yasuhiro Shibata Red Army Faction (Japan) Japan 1970North Korea
Alvin Glatkowski United States Merchant Marine United States1970Attempted defection to Cambodia
Clyde McKay United States Merchant Marine United States1970Attempted defection to Cambodia
Marc Carbonneau Front de libération du Québec Liberation CellCanada1970Voluntarily defected to Cuba
Jacques Cossette-Trudel Front de libération du Québec Liberation CellCanada1970Voluntarily defected to Cuba
Yves Langlois Front de libération du Québec Liberation CellCanada1970Voluntarily defected to Cuba
Larry Humphrey United States Army United States1970 Cambodia [159]
Mihalis Maniadakis Royal Hellenic Air Force Greece 1970Soviet Union [160]
Chang Shuang-Chao Ministry of Finance aide Taiwan 1971People's Republic of China [161]
Sun Chi-ChouDiplomat Taiwan 1971People's Republic of China [162]
Michael Deberry USAREUR United States1971Sweden [128]
Tom Horne Green Beret United Statesc.1971Sweden [163]
Ernest Hunter United States Air Force United Statesc.1971Sweden [164]
Hans-Dieter Reinkensmeier German Army Aviation Corps West Germany 1971East Germany [165]
Harold Hill Rolls-Royce Limited engineerUnited Kingdom1971Soviet Union [166]
Esteban Llana United States Air Force United States1971 Panama [167]
Jaime Morais Portuguese Army Portugal 1971Sweden [168]
Bernard Pryer United States Army United States1971 Panama [167]
John R. Vequist United States Army United States1971Sweden [169]
Tobey Wagner United States Army United States1971 Panama [167]
Kevin Cadwallader British Army United Kingdom1972Sweden [170]
Ngo Cong DucJournalist South Vietnam 1972Sweden [171]
Pham Van Dinh Army of the Republic of Vietnam South Vietnam 1972 North Vietnam [166]
Sung Wei-PiFormer diplomat Taiwan 1973People's Republic of China [172]
Gerard Burns British Army United Kingdom1974 Ireland [173]
Nguyen Thanh Trung Republic of Vietnam Air Force South Vietnam 1975 North Vietnam [174]
Jürgen Schneider Bundeswehr West Germany 1976East Germany [175]
Bong Ju Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1977North Korea [176]
William Joseph Black United States Army United States1977 Czechoslovakia [177]
Yu Un-hak Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1977North Korea [176]
Robert Thompson United States Air Force United States1978Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Erhard Mueller Bundesmarine Aviation Wing West Germany 1978East Germany [178]
Li Jun-gwang Republic of Korea Army military intelligence South Korea 1978North Korea [179]
Roy Chung United States Army United States1979East Germany, then to North Korea
Ursel Lorenzen NATO aide West Germany 1979East Germany [180]
Christel Broszey Christian Democratic Union aide West Germany 1979East Germany [181]
Inge Goliath Christian Democratic Union aide West Germany 1979East Germany [181]
Helga Roediger Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany) West Germany 1979East Germany [182]
Alexander Lambert South African Bureau of State Security Republic of South Africa 1979Sweden [183]
Justin Lin Republic of China Army Taiwan 1979People's Republic of China
Friedrich Tomberg Pädagogische Hochschule philosophy professor West Germany 1979East Germany [184]
Kim Ryong-jin Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1979North Korea [185]
Imelda Verrept NATO aide Belgium 1980East Germany [186]
Günter Guillaume Aide to West German Chancellor West Germany 1981Exchanged to East Germany
Frank Terpil Central Intelligence Agency United States1981 Libya, then to Cuba [187]
Huang Zhicheng Republic of China Air Force Taiwan 1981People's Republic of China [188]
Ma Bi Kuomintang adviser Taiwan 1981People's Republic of China [189]
Robert Vesco FinancierUnited States1982 Cuba
Joseph T. White United States Army United States1982North Korea
Gerhard G. Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany 1982East Germany [190]
Gerald Andreas Eckert South African Army Republic of South Africa 1983 Mozambique [191]
Li Dawei Republic of China Air Force Taiwan 1983People's Republic of China [192]
Mun Sang-chol Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1983North Korea [193]
Assata Shakur Black Panther Party activistUnited States1984 Cuba
Xie YuchenFilm director Taiwan 1984People's Republic of China [194]
Zhang JinfengFilm producer Taiwan 1984People's Republic of China [194]
Hans Tiedge Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz West Germany 1985East Germany
Jeffrey Carney United States Air Force United States1985East Germany
Ra Il-ryong Republic of Korea Army South Korea 1985North Korea [195]
Edward Lee Howard Central Intelligence Agency United States1985Soviet Union
Sonja LuenbergAide to Minister of the Economy Martin Bangemann West Germany 1985East Germany [196]
Herta-Astrid WillnerAide to West German Chancellor West Germany 1985East Germany [197]
Herbert WillnerDefense analyst West Germany 1985East Germany [197]
Rudolf Alken University of Mainz researcher West Germany 1985East Germany [198]
Karl Koecher Central Intelligence Agency United States1986Exchanged to Czechoslovakia
Hugo Almeida United States Army United States1986 Cuba
Glenn Michael Souther United States Navy United States1986Soviet Union
Arnold Lokshin Biochemist United States1986Soviet Union
Wang Xijue Airline pilot Taiwan 1986People's Republic of China [199]
Wade E. Roberts United States Army United States1987Soviet Union [200] [201]
Stig Bergling Swedish Security Service officer Sweden 1987Soviet Union via Finland [202]
Theodore BranchRadio announcerUnited States1987Soviet Union [203]
Choe Deok-sin Former South Korean diplomat and foreign minister United States1987North Korea
Song Chang-gu United States Army aide South Korea 1988North Korea [204]
Lin Xianshun Republic of China Air Force Taiwan 1989People's Republic of China [205]
Michael Peri United States Army United States1989East Germany

Defections after 1991

DefectorProfession/ProminenceCountry of originYear of DefectionCountry of defection
Edward Snowden National Security Agency United States2013Russia
Emil Czeczko Polish Land Forces Poland2021Belarus [206]
Travis King United States Army United States2023North Korea [207] [208]
Wilmer Puello-MotaFormer Holyoke, Massachusetts city councilor and former Massachusetts Air National Guard United States2024Russia [209]
Tomasz SzmydtJudgePoland2024Belarus [210]

See also

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André Shepherd is a U.S. Army Specialist and deserter who applied for asylum in Germany on November 26, 2008. He is the first Iraq War veteran to pursue refugee status in Europe and only the second U.S. soldier to ever apply for refugee status in Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg</span> German politician

Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Buhl-Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg, known professionally as Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, is a German businessman and politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU). He served as a member of the Bundestag from 2002 to 2011, as Secretary-General of the CSU from 2008 to 2009, as Federal Minister for Economics and Technology in 2009 and as Federal Minister of Defence from 2009 to 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Counterinsurgency in Northern Afghanistan</span> Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

The following addresses the events in Northern Afghanistan between April 2009 and 2014. While this part of the country had long been relatively peaceful compared to the all-out war zones of the south and east, tensions would flare up again in 2008 when the German soldiers deployed to the area came under attack more often, leading to the deaths of the several soldiers. Previously hindered by national caveats, the deteroriating security situation prompted the German-led Regional Command North to launch a series of operations to take on the rising insurgency. Concerted operations began after an insurgent attack on PRT Kunduz within minutes of German Chancellor Angela Merkel's departure from a visit. Within two years, the German presence would be doubled and additional reinforcements from the American ISAF contingent were called in, including heavy German armoured vehicles and US aviation assets, allowing for a more aggressive approach towards the insurgency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Korean defectors</span> South Koreans who defect to North Korea

After the Korean War, 333 South Korean people detained in North Korea as prisoners of war chose to stay in North Korea. During subsequent decades of the Cold War, some people of South Korean origin defected to North Korea as well. They include Roy Chung, a former U.S. Army soldier who defected to North Korea through East Germany in 1979. Aside from defection, North Korea has been accused of abduction in the disappearances of some South Koreans.

The right of asylum for victims of political persecution is a basic right stipulated in the Constitution of Germany. In a wider sense, the right of asylum recognises the definition of 'refugee' as established in the 1951 Refugee Convention and is understood to protect asylum seekers from deportation and grant them certain protections under the law. Generally, these protections are a part of the asylum procedure itself and are verified by the Federal Office For Migration and Refugees without any further application.

Abdul Rauf Mohammad is an Afghan former acting Taliban government minister. He lived in Norway from 2000 until being deported in 2014. Der Spiegel reported, in December 2016, that Abdul Rauf applied for political asylum in Germany.

<i>Streitraum</i>

Streitraum is a series of public panel discussions held at the Schaubühne in Berlin since January 2000. Each season focuses on a different theme from the areas of politics and society. In moderated discussions held every four to six weeks before an audience of international guests, invited experts discuss topics from the areas of politics, culture, technology, media, and the human and natural sciences. The series has been organised and moderated by Carolin Emcke since 2004. Emcke states at the opening of each event that Streitraum is not a forum for arguments and conflict but rather an opportunity to watch people think. Each session ends with questions from the audience.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soldiers are murderers</span> 1931 opinion piece quote

"Soldiers are murderers" is a quote from an opinion piece written in 1931 by Kurt Tucholsky and published under his pseudonym Ignaz Wrobel in the weekly German magazine Die Weltbühne. Starting with a lawsuit against the magazine's editor Carl von Ossietzky for "defamation of the Reichswehr" in 1932, Tucholsky's widely quoted assertion led to numerous judicial proceedings in Germany, also after World War II and until the late 20th century. In several cases in the 1990s, last in 1995, the Federal Constitutional Court ruled that using the quote as a means to express pacifist views is protected by the constitution of Germany.

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