List of kidnappings

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

The following is a list of kidnappings summarizing the events of each case, including instances of celebrity abductions, claimed hoaxes, suspected kidnappings, extradition abductions, and mass kidnappings.

By date

• List of kidnappings before 1900
• List of kidnappings: 1900–1949
• List of kidnappings: 1950–1979
• List of kidnappings: 1980–1989
• List of kidnappings: 1990–1999
• List of kidnappings: 2000–2009
• List of kidnappings: 2010–2019
• List of kidnappings: 2020–present

Modern kidnappings of celebrities or their relatives

Kidnappers interested in getting a large ransom or a political effect often target celebrities or their relatives. Here are some of the people affected by these crimes:

• Mordechai Oren was a European politician who was taken hostage in Czechoslovakia during the Cold War in 1951 and sentenced to 15 years in prison, ^[1] before being released.
• Leon Ames: Film and television actor who, together with his wife, was held hostage at their home on 12 February 1964. They were rescued by police, who had been alerted to the case by his business partner. ^[2]
• Leonard Firestone (57–58), American businessman, philanthropist, diplomat was the target of an aborted kidnapped plan that was to take place in 1966. ^[3]
• Cindy Birdsong: A member of the Motown supergroup The Supremes. Birdsong was kidnapped in December 1969, aged 30, at knife-point from her Hollywood apartment and escaped two hours later by jumping from the car at a freeway exit. ^[4] Charles Collier, the handyman at Birdsong's apartment, was later convicted of the kidnapping.
• Karl von Spreti: West-Germany's ambassador to Guatemala, was kidnapped in 1970 in Guatemala City and later murdered. ^{[5] [6] [7]}
• Yoko Ono: Her second husband Anthony Cox abducted their daughter Kyoko Chan Cox in 1971. ^[8] Ono and her daughter were finally reunited in 1997.
• Escort Ian Ball had attempted to kidnap Anne, Princess Royal on 20 March 1974 ^[9] while she and Mark Phillips had left a charity event and were returning home to Buckingham Palace. His plan to do so proved unsuccessful.
• Chris Cramer: British news journalist and executive for BBC who was one of the 25 hostages held during the Iranian Embassy siege. ^[10] Cramer was released on 1 May 1980, after falsely complaining that he felt ill, and later provided information on the situation.
• Jorge and Juan Born (1974), scions of the Bunge y Born business, were kidnapped in September by the Montoneros and only released after the payment of a $60 million ransom. ^[11]
• Cory Quirino (42), Filipino TV host and broadcaster who was abducted on 24 September 1995 in Laguna, Philippines by five armed gunmen who killed her driver. She was eventually rescued when the getaway car ran into a police roadblock, and her kidnappers fled the scene. ^[12]
• Jessica Alba, actress and businesswoman who was kidnapped and held captive for 14 hours in 1996. ^[13] She was later discovered bound, blindfolded and gagged, but her kidnapper was never brought to trial and the case was dropped.
• Jorge Campos (footballer): In 1999, his father was kidnapped and later found alive in Acapulco, Mexico. ^[14]
• Rajkumar (born Singanalluru Puttaswamayya Muthuraju), an actor and singer in Kannada film industry, was kidnapped from the actor's house at Gajanur in Tamil Nadu on 30 July 2000, along with his son-in-law Govindaraju and two others. He was released unharmed on 15 November 2000, after 108 days of captivity. ^[15]
• Françoise Claustre: French archaeologist who was kidnapped in Chad by guerillas led by Hissène Habré. ^[16] Her husband, Pierre, was the head of the French foreign aid mission in Chad and was also taken hostage when he tried to secure her release.
• Baron Édouard-Jean Empain: Industrialist who was kidnapped for ransom. ^[17] His captors cut off one of his fingers in order to bring proof that they held him. He was later released.
• John Paul Getty III, kidnapped in Italy in 1973. ^[18] His grandfather, the then world's richest man, American multi-billionaire oil tycoon, J. Paul Getty, refused to pay his $3 million ransom until one of the boy's ears was cut off and sent to a newspaper.
• Freddy Heineken (1983): Chairman of the board of directors and CEO of the brewing company Heineken International and his driver Ab Doderer, were kidnapped between 9 and 30 November 1983 in Amsterdam. ^[19]
• Jennifer Hudson: Her nephew was kidnapped after her mother and brother were shot to death. He was later found dead. ^[20]
• Julio Iglesias: His father was kidnapped in 1985, but was found alive and healthy. ^[21]
• Charles Lindbergh: The aviator's two-year-old son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped in 1932 ^[22] and was killed. Bruno Hauptmann was arrested and executed for the crime, but concerns remain regarding Hauptmann's guilt and the fairness of the trial (see Lindbergh kidnapping ).
• Madonna: American singer-songwriter and actress who was supposedly tied to a chair and held captive by ex-husband Sean Penn at their house in Malibu, California home on 28 December 1989. She has categorically denied that this incident has occurred, and the couple later separated. ^[23]
• Adi Koila Mara Nailatikau: First daughter of Fiji and senator, ^[24] was kidnapped during a coup against her father. Her kidnappers had threatened to kill her, but she was returned alive.
• Veruska Ramirez, former Miss Venezuela, kidnapped in 2003 and released three hours later after signing fifteen autographs for her captors. ^[25]
• David Letterman: In 2005, FBI agents and Montana authorities foiled a kidnapping of Letterman's son from his Choteau, Montana home. ^[26]
• Riddick Bowe (boxer): Former world heavyweight champion kidnapped his estranged wife, Judy, and their five children from North Carolina in February 1998, ^[27] hoping to reconcile his marriage. Police captured Bowe in South Hill, Virginia, freeing his family.
• Cesar Rosas: Member of Los Lobos whose wife, Sandra, was kidnapped on 23 October 1999 and later found dead. ^[28] Gabriel Gómez was accused and sentenced for her kidnapping and murder.
• Georgiy Gongadze: Prominent Ukrainian journalist kidnapped and later found beheaded in 2000. ^[29] His disappearance has triggered a major political and diplomatic scandal also involving the United States and other Western countries. No details of the crime have been revealed yet.
• Susan Enriquez, a Filipina journalist, news presenter, radio and television host who was kidnapped on 20 April 2000 in Basilan by Abu Sayyaf, ^{[30] [31]} but was later released.
• Daryush Shokof: The artist-filmmaker was kidnapped after he screened his films Iran Zendan and Hitler's Grave that portrayed the horrible situations of Iranian political prisoners in Iran and under the Islamic republic Regime of Iran in Berlin, Germany. He said he was held by Arabic speaking men for 12 days and was released after agreeing not to publicize the films. He was later thrown into the Rhine river in Cologne, Germany. The German Police debates the validity of the incident up to this date. ^{[32] [33]}
• Frank Sinatra Jr. (1963), son of Frank Sinatra, was kidnapped ^[34] by Barry Keenan and Joe Amsler and released after a ransom of $240,000 was paid a few days later. Most of the ransom money was recovered.
• Johnny Tapia: The world boxing champion saw his mother raped and kidnapped when he was 8 years old. ^[35] He was hiding when he witnessed the assault. His mother's body was found on a road days later.
• Thalía: The Mexican diva's sisters, Ernestina Sodi and actress Laura Zapata, were kidnapped, but later both released alive. ^[36]
• Benedict Cumberbatch and two acquaintances were kidnapped by six armed men in South Africa in 2005 while filming the miniseries To the End of the Earth. The trio were released unharmed shortly thereafter. ^[37]
• Rubén Omar Romano, Argentine soccer coach, was kidnapped in Mexico on 19 July 2005 ^[38] and rescued two months later.
• Steven Adler (42), former Guns N' Roses drummer was kidnapped by his brother Jamie Adler on 22 March 2007 and taken to Los Angeles, California ^[39] and held and released after 30 days in an attempt to get him off drugs.
• Thiago da Silva (25), Brazilian footballer who was kidnapped in Rio de Janeiro on 24 September 2008 and while trying to escape was shot multiple times which caused him to die six days later. ^[40]
• Duffy (25), a singer-songwriter, had alleged that in 2010 she had been kidnapped, ^[41] raped, and drugged, and managed to escape. She has not revealed the kidnappers' identities or the location of the alleged crimes.
• Alex Band: Singer-songwriter best known as the guitarist for The Calling, Band was reportedly robbed, beaten and then abandoned near some train tracks by two unidentified assailants on 18 August 2013. He was rushed to a nearby hospital, where he was treated and later released. ^[42]
• Victor Li Tzar-kuoi, son of the Hong Kong tycoon, Li Ka Shing: Kidnapped by Cheung Chi Keung, AKA "Big Spender". ^[43] He was released after the world record payment of a HK$1,000,000,000 (US$134,000,000) ransom. Cheung was later captured and executed in Guangzhou in 2000.
• Pai Hsiao-yen, daughter of Taiwanese artiste Pai Bing-bing, was kidnapped and subsequently murdered in April 1997. In a year-long hunt, with the kidnappers committing a further series of crimes and suicide upon arrest, Chen Chien-hsing, the mastermind of the kidnapping, was finally arrested in November after perpetrating a hostage incident, and was subsequently executed. The case received notoriety due to the poor media ethics conducted, among these which resulted in unsuccessful ransom negotiations. ^{[44] [45] [46] [47] [48]}
• Daisy McCrackin (37), was kidnapped on 3 May 2017 while in Los Angeles and held hostage in her own car while be driven around. McCrackin later escaped and her kidnappers are now facing charges. ^{[49] [50]}
• Einár: Swedish rapper who was kidnapped by gang members associated with rival rapper Yasin in April 2020. He was later released, but was killed the following year when he was scheduled to testify in the case. ^[51]
• Thirteen adult males were arrested on 8 October 2020 by the FBI as they were plotting to kidnap American politician Gretchen Whitmer ^{[52] [53]} who is the current Governor of Michigan. Another man was later arrested after being accused of having a part in the planned kidnapping. ^[54] All men were later charged in court.
• A man from Harlow was attempting to kidnap and murder English television presenter, author and model Holly Willoughby (42), but his plan was foiled as he was arrested on 4 October 2023. ^[55]
• A man has threatened to kidnap a U.S. senator from Alaska on 3 November 2023 who is thought to be Lisa Murkowski (66), ^{[56] [57]} but his plans to do so have not happened.

Faked kidnappings

• Tawana Brawley, African-American teenager who claimed in November 1987 that she had been abducted, held prisoner and gang-raped by a group of four white men over a four-day period. A grand jury ruled that Brawley had fabricated her story and one of the men accused successfully sued her for defamation. ^[58]
• Jules Croiset, Dutch actor who faked being kidnapped by neo-Nazis in 1987 in order to stir enough outrage to prevent a play he considered to be antisemitic from being performed. ^[59]
• Dar Heatherington, Alberta city councillor who claimed to have been abducted in Montana. ^[60]
• Audrey Seiler, a college student from Wisconsin who disappeared on March 27, 2004. She was found four days later after an extensive search. It was later revealed she had fabricated her "abduction". ^[61]
• Jennifer Wilbanks, American woman who alleged that she was kidnapped as an excuse for her running away from her own wedding in late April 2005, in the Runaway bride case. ^[62]
• Quinn Gray, resident of Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida who disappeared over Labor Day weekend in 2009 and left a ransom note behind demanding $50,000 for her return. Was found four days later and revealed to have used the hoax for extortion in collusion with her boyfriend, Jasmin Osmanovic. Osmanivoc pleaded guilty, Gray no contest; both sentenced to probation with fines to repay the cost of the investigation. ^{[63] [64] [65] [66]}
• Somália, Brazilian footballer who falsely claimed in 2011 that he had been kidnapped. It was proved that he was running late for a training session and tried to avoid a 40% wage cut for tardiness. ^[67]
• Sherri Papini, California woman whose 2016 disappearance became a national news story, later arrested and convicted of faking her abduction. ^[68]
• Breana Harmon Talbott, 19-year-old white woman who falsely claimed to have been kidnapped and gang-raped by three black men. She confessed to faking her kidnapping two weeks later after inconsistencies in her story were highlighted and pleaded guilty to tampering with evidence. ^[69]
• Carlee Russell, Alabama nursing student who disappeared for 49 hours in July 2023 and contacted police claiming she had been abducted. She later admitted to faking her abduction and was convicted of false reporting. ^[70]

Suspected kidnappings

• Sodder children, five children reported missing after a suspicious fire at their family home. They were officially declared dead, but it is widely believed that they survived and were abducted by persons unknown. ^[71]
• Helen Brach, millionaire owner of a candy company; an informant claimed she was kidnapped after leaving the Mayo Clinic, then murdered; her remains have never been located. ^[72]
• Hassani Campbell, 5-year-old boy with cerebral palsy, went missing in Oakland, California on 10 August 2009. Hassani's foster father, Louis Ross, said he left Hassani waiting at the back of the shoe store where Hassani's aunt, Jennifer Campbell, worked while he went around to the front of the store with Hassani's younger sister. ^[73]
• Haleigh Cummings, the child, according to news reports from CNN and other major television news sources, was being watched by the girlfriend, later wife, of her father, Ronald Cummings, when she disappeared from her mobile home in Satsuma, Florida in February 2009. Two persons of interest in the still unsolved kidnapping were implicated in a drug sting in January 2010, renewing interest in the case. ^[74]
• Jimmy Hoffa, disappeared and declared legally dead. ^[75] Several rumors and theories, including an alleged kidnapping, surfaced in later years.
• Aimee Semple McPherson, evangelist who maintained she was kidnapped and held for ransom from 18 May through 23 June 1926 until she escaped. A grand jury inquiry instead charged her with fabricating it. Charges against McPherson were dropped for lack of evidence. No indictments against her described kidnappers were pursued. ^{[76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81]}
• Cédrika Provencher, 10-year-old girl from Trois-Rivières, Canada went missing on 31 July 2007. Her remains were discovered on 11 December 2015. ^[82]
• Tabitha Tuders, 13-year-old girl from Nashville, Tennessee disappeared on her way to board the school bus on April 29, 2003. An neighbour claims to have seen her getting in a car with a man. She has not been seen nor heard from since then. ^{[83] [84] [85] [86]}

Kidnapping in lieu of extradition

See main article: Extradition and abduction

• Humberto Álvarez Machaín, from Mexico to the United States by locals hired by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration in 1990. ^[87]
• Jabez Balfour, from Argentina to the United Kingdom in 1895. ^[88]
• Ronnie Biggs, from Brazil to the United Kingdom by independent bounty hunters in 1981. ^[89]
• Adolf Eichmann, from Argentina to Israel in 1960. ^[90]
• Mir Aimal Kansi, from Pakistan to the United States in 1997. ^[91]
• Andrew Luster, from Mexico to the United States by Duane Chapman ("Dog the Bounty Hunter") in 2003. ^[92]
• Martin Mubanga, from Zambia to Guantanamo Bay by the United States in 2002. ^[93]
• Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr, from Italy to Egypt by the CIA in 2005. ^[94]
• Jamshid Sharmahd, from the United Arab Emirates to Iran in 2020. ^[95]
• Morton Sobell, from Mexico to the United States in 1950. ^[96]
• Mordechai Vanunu, from Italy to Israel in 1986. ^[97]

Mass kidnappings

• Bisbee kidnappings: 1,300 striking miners were unlawfully detained by a deputized posse on orders from Sheriff Harry C. Wheeler before being loaded onto cattle cars and transported 200 miles to New Mexico. A Federal investigation found that the victims had been illegally kidnapped. ^[98]
• Heuaktion : 40, 000 to 50, 000 Polish and Ukrainian children aged 10 to 14 were kidnapped by Nazi German occupation forces and transported to Germany for slave labour at the command of Alfred Rosenberg and Henning von Tresckow. ^[99]
• 1976 Chowchilla kidnapping: 26 children on a school bus and the bus driver were held in a buried moving van, in a quarry. ^[100]
• December 1998 kidnapping of western tourists in Yemen: 16 western tourists were kidnapped while on vacation in Yemen. Four were killed in a botched rescue operation by Yemeni authorities the following day. ^[101]
• 2010 Kurram agency mass kidnapping: 60 people were taken from the Kurram Tribunial Agency in Pakistan by militants dressed as police officers. ^{[102] [103]}
• 2014 Chibok kidnapping: More than 200 schoolgirls were taken from their school during an exam. The Boko Haram terrorist group is suspected to have perpetrated the attack. ^[104]
• 2014 Iguala mass kidnapping: 43 male students from a rural school in Mexico were planning to go to a protest in Mexico City when they were shot at by police and taken into custody. ^{[105] [106]}
• 2015 Malari kidnapping: 40 boys and young men were kidnapped by Boko Haram. ^[107]
• 2018 Dapchi kidnapping: 110 schoolchildren from their school were kidnapped by Boko Haram. ^[108]
• 2020 Kankara kidnapping: 334 schoolchildren from their school were kidnapped by a criminal gang. ^[109]
• 2021 Kagara kidnapping: 27 schoolchildren from their school were kidnapped and one killed, three members of the school's staff and 12 of their relatives were also abducted. ^[110]
• 2021 Jangebe kidnapping: 279 schoolchildren from their school were kidnapped by armed bandits in Jangebe. ^[111]
• 2021 Afaka kidnapping: 39 students (23 females and 16 males) were kidnapped by armed bandits in Afaka. ^[112]
• 2021 Pantelhó mass kidnapping: 21 residents of Pantelhó, Chiapas, Mexico, were kidnapped by El Machete under the pretext that the abductees were involved in organized crime. ^[113]
• 2021 Haitian missionary kidnappings: 17 Christian missionaries, most from United States, one from Canada, were kidnapped for ransom by members of the 400 Mawozo gang. ^[114]
• Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War: At least 700, 000 Ukrainian children have been kidnapped by Russian troops, transferred to Russian-held territory, assigned Russian citizenship, and forcibly adopted by Russian families since the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War. ^[115] The International Criminal Court accused Russian leader Vladimir Putin of being responsible for the kidnappings. ^[116]
• Kidnappings during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war: around 200 people, mostly Israeli civilians, were kidnapped by Hamas militants on October 7, 2023, and another 50 by other Palestinian militant groups. ^[117]

See also

• List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention

References

1. "Mordechai Oren Dies; Israeli Jailed by Czechs". The New York Times. 1 March 1985. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 1 May 2024.
2. Rieder, Ron (13 February 1964). "Kidnap, Free Mrs. Leon Ames". The van Nuys News. The Van Nuys News. pp. 1, 18. Retrieved 2 September 2015– via Newspapers.com.
3. "Milestones: Mar. 11, 1966 – TIME". 28 October 2010. Archived from the original on 28 October 2010.
4. "The Supreme's Cindy Birdsong Kidnapped At Knife Point; Dramatic Escape – RareSoul.com" . Retrieved 19 January 2022.
5. Blumenau, Bernhard (2014). The United Nations and Terrorism. Germany, Multilateralism, and Antiterrorism Efforts in the 1970s. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 41–45. ISBN   978-1-137-39196-4.
6. "Guatemalans Seize Bonn Envoy". The Washington Post. 1 April 1970.
7. "Guatemalans Kill Bonn Envoy After Ransom Bid Is Refused". The Washington Post. 6 April 1970.
8. "John Lennon: Why He Called a Yoko Ono Song 1 of the 'Best' Rock Songs". Big World Tale. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
9. "On This Day > 20 March > 1974: Kidnap attempt on Princess Anne". BBC. 20 March 1974. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
10. Holmes, Michael (17 January 2021). "Chris Cramer, veteran journalist and former CNN executive, dies aged 73". CNN. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
11. Kandell, Jonathan (21 June 1975). "Argentine Ransom Is Put at $60-Million". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 7 March 2022.
12. "Cory Quirino recalls kidnapping ordeal on I Survived". Philippine Entertainment Portal. 3 September 2009.
13. Hutchinson, Emily (5 December 2022). "The Terrifying Story Of How Jessica Alba Got Kidnapped". Nicki Swift. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
14. "Campos' Father Kidnapped | Sports | The Harvard Crimson". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
15. "Generations to Come Will Marvel at the Brilliance of Dr Rajkumar, the Ultimate Kannada Superstar". News18. 24 April 2020.
16. Clarity, James F. (14 September 1975). "French Stirred by Chad Captive". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 21 January 2022.
17. According to Édouard-Jean Empain in the documentary L'Enlèvement du baron Empain – "Faites entrer l'accusé  [ fr ]" (2005).
18. Gucci, Patricia (10 May 2016). In the Name of Gucci: A Memoir. Crown/Archetype. ISBN   978-0-8041-3894-9.
19. "Kidnapping of Freddy Heineken- the beer tycoon". Express. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
20. "Jennifer Hudson's Mom, Brother Shot to Death". KLTA News. 24 October 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2008.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
21. "Singer's father freed from kidnappers". UPI. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
22. Gill, Barbara. "Lindbergh kidnapping rocked the world 50 years ago" Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine . The Hunterdon County Democrat , 1981. Retrieved: 30 December 2008.
23. Konda, Kelly (24 March 2015). "About That One Time Sean Penn Tied Madonna to a Chair & Tormented Her for Hours". We Minored in Film. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
24. chrismoffat. "Adi Koila Nailatikau". Commonwealth Oral History Project. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
25. Harris, Scott. "Brazilian Police Arrest Suspect in Vitor Belfort's Sister's Murder". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
26. "Letterman Tot Kidnap Plot Foiled". www.cbsnews.com. 17 March 2005. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
27. "Riddick Bowe Facing 2 Years in Prison". ABC News. 13 July 2001. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
28. Unknown (30 November 2000). "Police Discover Body of Los Lobos Wife". VH1. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
29. Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2004 (Europa Publications), Routledge, 12 December 2003, ISBN   1-85743-187-1 (page 504)
30. "Abu Sayyaf abducted 20 journalists since 2000". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
31. "Foreign journalist, Filipino crew missing in Jolo | CMFR". cmfr-phil.org. 18 June 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
32. "BBC فارسی – فرهنگ و هنر – معمای فیلمساز ایرانی مقیم آلمان". bbc.co.uk (in Persian). 17 June 2010.
33. Taab, Daniel (16 March 2011). "Wende im Fall Shokof: Entführung war vorgetäuscht". rundschau-online.de (in German). Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
34. "The Kidnapping of Frank Sinatra Jr. – The Snatch". Crime Library on Trutv.com. 8 December 1963. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
35. Martin, Douglas (28 May 2012). "Johnny Tapia, Champion Boxer Amid Chaos, Dies at 45". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 7 March 2022.
36. "The Americas: Mexico: Kidnapped Writer Freed". The New York Times . 29 October 2002. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
37. "Benedict Cumberbatch Reveals He Was Once Abducted in South Africa". The State Journal-Register. 13 September 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
38. "Man gets 26 years for Romano kidnap". amp.foxsports.com.
39. A. O. L. Staff (26 May 2023). "Sweet brother of mine: The wild, untold story of how Guns N' Roses drummer Steven Adler was kidnapped by his sibling to break heroin addiction". www.aol.com. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
40. "Football player Silva dies in hospital days after assassination attempt." Xinhua News . 25 September 2008.
41. "Singer Duffy Gives New Details About Being Drugged, Kidnapped, And Raped". Oxygen Official Site. 7 April 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
42. Sacks, Ethan (20 August 2013). "The Calling singer Alex Band severely beaten after being abducted in van: report". nydailynews.com. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
43. "Kidnapper of Li Ka-shing's son rang tycoon to ask where he should invest HK$1billion ransom." Mimi Lau. South China Morning Post. 29 November 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
44. Healy, Tim; Underwood, Laurie (16 May 1997). "A mother's despair". Asiaweek . Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
45. "AsiaNow – Asiaweek". edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
46. "Murder suspect takes 3 South Africans hostage in Taiwan". Herald-Journal. AP. 19 November 1997. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
47. "Kidnapper gets death for girl's murder". New Straits Times. Reuter. 26 December 1998. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
48. "Taiwan Human Rights Report 1997: The Media and Human Rights". Taiwan Association for Human Rights. 1997. Archived from the original on 5 November 2004. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
49. "Three people charged with kidnapping of Halloween actress". BBC. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
50. "Three Charged with Kidnapping Actress, Actor". Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
51. "Swedish rapper Einar shot dead in suspected gang-related attack". The Guardian. 22 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
52. Egan, Paul; Baldas, Tresa (8 October 2020). "'Deeply disturbing': Feds charge six militia members in domestic terror plot to kidnap Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved 8 October 2020.
53. Leone, Jared (8 October 2020). "FBI thwarts militia plot to kidnap Michigan governor". WSOC-TV . Retrieved 8 October 2020.
54. Hutchinson, Derick (15 October 2020). "Officials charge 14th person linked to domestic terror plot targeting Michigan Gov. Whitmer". WDIV. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
55. Lynch, Niamh (6 October 2023). "Holly Willoughby: Man charged over alleged plot to kidnap and murder This Morning presenter". Sky News.
56. "Alaska man charged after threatening to kidnap and injure a US senator". Yahoo Sports. 3 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
57. Kenai man accused of sending threats to U.S. senator, November 2023, retrieved 11 November 2023
58. Fried, Joseph P. (2 March 2003). "Hoping Brawley Thinks Of 'Damage She Caused'". The New York Times . Retrieved 20 March 2007.
59. Markham, James M. (30 January 1988). "Dutch Actor's Tale Exposes A Nation's Guilt About Jews". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
60. "Alberta man charged with public mischief over fake disappearance". CTVNews. 12 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
61. Harter, Kevin (3 April 2005). "A year after student faked her own abduction, she's taking life 'step by step'". The Courier. Knight Ridder Newspapers. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
62. Michelle Fabio (December 2009). "Runaway Bride? Why Georgia Isn't Letting Her Off the Hook…" LegalZoom. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-07. Lots of brides are overwhelmed with wedding preparations. And considering Wilbanks' nuptials were to be a 600 guest affair at the lavish Atlanta Athletic Club, complete with 28 bridal attendants, well, it's understandable, right?
63. "Quinn Gray saga: The story behind the Ponte Vedra housewife who faked her own kidnapping". Florida Times-Union. 16 September 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
64. "Quinn Gray gets seven years probation". Florida Times-Union. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
65. "Quinn Gray Kidnap Hoax?". CBS News. 3 November 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
66. "The Quinn Gray Kidnapping Hoax Was Like a Real Life Gone Girl". Grunge. 24 August 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
67. "Brazil police say footballer Somalia faked his kidnap". BBC News. 7 January 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
68. "Sherri Papini: US woman who staged her own disappearance sentenced to 18 months". BBC News. 19 September 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
69. "No Prison For Texas Teen Who Lied About Being Raped By 3 Black Men". Huffington Post. 27 February 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
70. "Woman who faked abduction in Alabama found guilty". 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
71. Abbott, Karen (25 December 2012). "The Children Who Went Up In Smoke". Smithsonian . Retrieved 2 December 2015.
72. "A ring that one man claimed belonged to candy heiress Helen Brach is at the Glenview Police Department; some consider it proof of how she was murdered". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
73. Good, Meaghan Elizabeth. "The Charley Project: Hasanni Jamil Campbell". www.charleyproject.org. Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
74. "Missing Haleigh's dad, his ex-wife arrested in drug sting". CNN. 22 January 2010.
75. "Investigations: Hoffa Search: 'Looks Bad Right Now'". Time . 18 August 1975. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
76. Sutton, Matthew Avery (2007). Aimee Semple McPherson and the Resurrection of Christian America . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp.  107, 133–134, 136. ISBN   978-0-674-02531-8.
77. Thomas. Vanishing Evangelist. pp. 101, 176.
78. Cox, Raymond L. (1983). The Verdict is In. California: R.L. Cox and Heritage Committee. pp. 184, 214.
79. Epstein, Daniel Mark (1993). Sister Aimee: The Life of Aimee Semple McPherson . Orlando: Harcourt Brace & Company. p.  312. ISBN   978-0-15-182688-9.
80. The People vs. Aimee Semple McPherson, et al., Case CR 29181, 10 January 1927, Superior Court of Los Angeles County, County records and Archives
81. Shuler, Robert (2012). Fighting Bob Shuler of Los Angeles. Dog Ear Publishing. p. 178.
82. "Police find body of Cédrika Provencher, girl missing since 2007". CBC. Canada. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
83. "Tabitha Danielle Tuders – The Charley Project" . Retrieved 12 May 2024.
84. "Tabitha Danielle Tuders". FBI .
85. Apple, Alex (18 February 2019). "New leads in Tabitha Tuders case point detectives back to Nashville". WZTV. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
86. WZTV (29 April 2024). "21 years ago, Tabitha Tuders went missing from her east Nashville neighborhood". WZTV. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
87. Philip Shenon, "U.S. Says It Won't Return Mexican Doctor Linked to Drug Killing", The New York Times , 21 April 1990
88. Ethan Avram Nadelmann, Cops Across Borders: The Internationalization of U.S. Criminal Law Enforcement, Penn State Press (1993), page 59.
89. Ronnie Biggs & Chris Packard (17 November 2011). Odd Man Out – The Last Straw. M Press. ISBN 978-0-9570398-2-7.
90. "The Hangman of Eichmann". Jewish Journal. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
91. Hasan, K. "How Aimal Kansi was betrayed", Daily Times (Pakistan), 23 June 2004. Archived 29 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
92. "Max Factor heir to pay damages". The Guardian. 4 October 2003. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
93. "U.S. Department of Defense". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
94. "CIA agents guilty of Italy kidnap". BBC News. 4 November 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
95. Halpern, Sam (22 February 2023). "Kidnapped German-Iranian journalist Jamshid Sharmahd to be executed". Jerusalem Post.
96. Saxon, Wolfgang (27 April 2002). "Helen L. Sobell, 84, Leader Of Effort to Spare Rosenbergs". New York Times. Retrieved 3 August 2008. "Helen Levitov Sobell, a voice in the struggle to spare Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and free their co-defendant, Morton Sobell, her husband, died on April 15 in Redwood City, Calif. She was 84. She had long been in declining health, suffering from Alzheimer's disease, said her daughter, Sydney Gurewitz Clemens."
97. "Israel Confirms It Is Holding Missing Nuclear Technician". The New York Times. 10 November 1986.
98. Report on the Bisbee Deportations. Made by the President's Mediation Commission to the President of the United States. Bisbee, Arizona. November 6, 1917.
99. Men of 20 July and the War in the Soviet Union Christian Gerlach in War Of Extermination: The German Military In World War II page 139
100. "Chowchilla City History: 1976 Bus Kidnapping". ci.chowchilla.ca.us. City of Chowchilla, California. Archived from the original on 3 November 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
101. "At least 4 hostages killed in violent end to Yemen hostage crisis". CNN. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
102. "Militants kidnap 60 in Kurram tribal region". Dawn . 15 May 2010. Archived from the original on 18 May 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2010.
103. "Suspected Pakistan militants 'kidnap 60' in tribal area". BBC . 15 May 2010. Archived from the original on 18 May 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2010.
104. Dorell, Oren (21 April 2014). "Terrorists kidnap more than 200 Nigerian girls". USA Today. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
105. Laccino, Ludovica (22 October 2014). "Mexico's 43 Missing Students: Theories Behind Mysterious Disappearance". International Business Times . Archived from the original on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
106. "Mexico: Mayor linked to deadly attack on students". USA Today . The Associated Press. 23 October 2014. Archived from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
107. Abubakar, Aminu; Botelho, Greg (4 January 2015). "Villagers: Boko Haram abducts 40 boys, young men in northeastern Nigeria". CNN. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
108. "110 girls missing after Boko Haram attack on school in Nigeria". Sky News. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
109. "Nigeria school abductions sparked by cattle feuds, not extremism, officials say". Reuters. 24 December 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
110. "Dozens of Nigerian students abducted by armed 'bandits'". Al Jazeera English . Retrieved 17 February 2021.
111. "Nigeria: Hundreds of schoolgirls abducted as gunmen attack nearby military site". Sky News. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
112. "Gunmen abduct 39 students from school in northwest Nigeria". The Washington Post. 12 March 2021. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
113. "Families call for release of 21 kidnapped by new self-defense force in Chiapas". 14 October 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
114. "American missionaries and family members kidnapped in Haiti by '400 Mawozo' gang, groups say". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 23 March 2023.
115. "'Moscow says 700,000 children from Ukraine conflict zones now in Russia'". Reuters . 3 July 2023. Russia has brought some 700,000 children from the conflict zones in Ukraine into Russian territory, Grigory Karasin, head of the international committee in the Federation Council, Russia's upper house of parliament, said late on Sunday
116. "All you need to know about the ICC's arrest warrant for Putin". Al Jazeera. 17 March 2023.
117. "For Hostages' Families, an 'Endless Loop of Hope and Despair'". The New York Times . 16 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.