List of major bushfires in Australia

Last updated

This is a list of major bushfires in Australia. The list contains individual bushfires and bushfire seasons that have resulted in fatalities, or bushfires that have burned in excess of 5,000 hectares (12,000 acres), or was significant for its damage to particular Australian landmarks.

Contents

As of 2010, Australian bushfires accounted for over 800 deaths since 1851 and, in 2012, the total accumulated cost was estimated to be A$1.6  billion. [1] In terms of monetary cost however, bushfires have not cost as much in financial terms as the damage caused by drought, severe storms, hail, and cyclones, [2] perhaps[ opinion ] because they most commonly occur outside highly populated urban areas.[ clarification needed ]

Of all the recorded fires in Australia, the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires in the state of Victoria claimed the largest number of recorded deaths of any individual Australian bushfire or bushfires season –173 fatalities over 21 days. [3] The largest known area burnt was between 100–117 million hectares (250–290 million acres), impacting approximately 15 per cent of Australia's physical land mass, during the 1974–75 Australian bushfire season. [4] The most number of homes destroyed was approximately 3,700 dwellings, attributed to Victoria's 1939 Black Friday bushfires. [5]

The fires of the summer of 2019–2020 affected densely populated areas including holiday destinations resulting in the New South Wales Rural Fire Service Commissioner, Shane Fitzsimmons, to claim it was "absolutely" the worst bushfire season on record [in that state]. [6] Australian National University described the 2019 fire year as "close to average" [7] and the 2020 fire year as "unusually small". [8]

Some of the most severe Australian bushfires (single fires and fire seasons) have included: [lower-alpha 1]

List

DateName or descriptionState(s) /
territories		Area burned
(approx.)		FatalitiesProperties damagedNotes
haacresHomes
(destroyed)		Other buildingsOther damage
6 February 1851 Black Thursday bushfires Victoria 5,000,00012,000,000approx. 1200
  • 1 million sheep
  • thousands of cattle
 [9] [10]
9 September 1895Upper Blue Mountains firesNew South Wales150370024ShedsMain Western Railway Line at Mount Victoria
1 February 1898 Red Tuesday bushfires Victoria260,000640,0001202,000 [10] [11] [12]
February – March 1926 1926 bushfires Victoria390,000960,000601,0000 [13]
13 January 1939 Black Friday bushfires Victoria2,000,0004,900,000713,7000 [5]
14 January – 14 February 1944 1944 Victorian bushfires Victoria1,000,0002,500,00015–20approx. 5000 [10]
18 November 19441944 Blue Mountains bushfire New South Wales 0approx. 400 [14] [15]
November 1951 – January 19521951–52 bushfiresVictoria4,000,0009,900,0001100 [16]
2 January 1955 Black Sunday bushfires South Australia 39,000–160,00096,000–395,000240 [lower-alpha 2] 0 [17] [18]
30 November 19571957 Grose Valley bushfire, Blue MountainsNew South Wales400[ citation needed ]
2 December 19571957 Leura bushfire, Blue MountainsNew South Wales0170 [lower-alpha 3] 0[ citation needed ]
January – March 1961 1961 Western Australian bushfires Western Australia 1,800,0004,400,00001600 [19]
14 – 16 January 19621962 Victorian bushfiresVictoria324500 [13]
16 February – 13 March 1965 1965 Gippsland bushfires Victoria315,000780,0000more than 20604,000 livestock [20]
5 – 14 March 1965 Southern Highlands bushfires New South Wales251,000620,0003590 [21]
7 February 1967 Black Tuesday bushfires Tasmania 264,000650,000621,2930 [10]
1968 – 69[ clarification needed ]1968-69 Killarney Top Springs bushfiresNorthern Territory40,000,00099,000,000000
29 November 19681968 Blue Mountains BushfireNew South Wales4approx. 1200[ citation needed ]
8 January 19691969 bushfiresVictoria232300 [13]
1969 – 701969-70 Dry River-Victoria River fireNorthern Territory45,000,000110,000,000000 [22]
1974 – 1975 summer fire season

(defined as October 1974 to February 1975 in Queensland only)		 1974-75 Australian bushfire season [lower-alpha 4]
  • New South Wales
  • Northern Territory
  • Queensland
  • South Australia
  • Western Australia
117,000,000290,000,0006unknownunknown15% of Australia was burnt. The damage was mostly in central Australia and so it did not impact many communities.
  • 57,000 farm animals
  • approximately 10,200 kilometres (6,300 mi) of fencing
 [22] [23] [4] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]
12 February 1977Western Districts bushfiresVictoria103,000250,0004116340[ citation needed ]
17 December 1977Blue Mountains Fires 1977New South Wales54,000130,0002490[ citation needed ]
4 April 19781978 Western Australian bushfiresWestern Australia114,000280,000206[ citation needed ]
December 19791979 Sydney bushfiresNew South Wales5280 [30]
3 November 19801980 Waterfall bushfireNew South Wales1,000,0002,500,0005 [lower-alpha 5] 140 [31]
9 January 1983 Grays Point bushfireNew South Wales3 [lower-alpha 6] 00 [32]
16 February 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires
  • South Australia
  • Victoria
418,0001,030,00075approx. 2,4000 [33] [34]
25 December 19841984 Western New South Wales grasslands bushfiresNew South Wales500,0001,200,000000
  • 40,000 livestock
  • A$40 million damages
 [25] [26] [27]
Mid-January 19851985 Cobar bushfireNew South Wales516,0001,280,0000 [25] [26]
1984 – 1985 season[ clarification needed ]1984 - 85 New South Wales bushfiresNew South Wales3,500,0008,600,0005 [22] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]
14 January 1985Central Victoria bushfiresVictoria50,800126,00031800[ citation needed ]
27 December 1993 – 16 January 1994 1994 Eastern seaboard fires New South Wales400,000990,00042250 [35]
8 January 1997Wooroloo bushfireWestern Australia10,50026,0000160[ citation needed ]
21 January 1997Dandenongs bushfireVictoria4009903410 [36]
2 December 1997Lithgow bushfireNew South Wales2 [lower-alpha 7] 00 [36]
2 December 1997Menai bushfireNew South Wales1 [lower-alpha 8] 110 [37]
2 December 1997Perth and South-West Region bushfiresWestern Australia23,00057,000210[ citation needed ]
2 December 1998 Linton bushfire Victoria5 [lower-alpha 9] 00 [38]
25 December 2001 – 7 January 2002 Black Christmas bushfires New South Wales753,3141,861,48001210 [39]
August – November 20022002 NT bushfiresNorthern Territory38,000,00094,000,000000 [22]
19 October 2002Thurlgona Road BushfireNew South Wales010Numerous Sheds [40]
20 October 2002Abernathy BushfireNew South Wales1,4003,459113Numerous Sheds [41]
4 December 20022002 NSW BushfiresNew South Wales120Significant damage to Holsworthy Army Base [42] [43]
18 – 22 January 2003 2003 Canberra bushfires Australian Capital Territory 160,000400,0004approx. 5000 [36]
8 January – 8 March 2003 2003 Eastern Victorian alpine bushfires Victoria1,300,0003,200,00004121310,000 livestock [44]
December 2003TenterdenWestern Australia15,000 [45] 37,000020[ citation needed ]
10 – 12 January 2005 2005 Eyre Peninsula bushfire South Australia77,964192,6509930 [46]
New Years Day 2006 Jail Break Inn Fire, Junee New South Wales30,00074,000074
  • 20,000 livestock
  • 7 headers
  • 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) of fencing
December 2005 – January 20062005 Victorian bushfiresVictoria160,000400,00045735965,000 livestock [47]
January 2006 Grampians bushfire Victoria184,000450,000200 [48] [49]
6 February 2006 Pulletop bushfire, Wagga Wagga New South Wales9,00022,000002
  • 2,500 livestock
  • 3 vehicles
  • 50 kilometres (31 mi) of fencing
 [50]
1 December 2006 – March 2007The Great Divides bushfireVictoria1,048,0002,590,0001510[ citation needed ]
September 2006 – January 2007 2006–07 Australian bushfire season
  • New South Wales
  • South Australia
  • Tasmania
  • Victoria
  • Western Australia
1,360,0003,400,000583approx. 20 [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57]
4 February 2007Dwellingup bushfireWestern Australia12,00030,0000160[ citation needed ]
6 – 14 December 2007 2007 Kangaroo Island bushfires South Australia95,000230,000100 [58]
30 December 2007 Boorabbin National Park Western Australia40,00099,000300
[ citation needed ]
7 February – 14 March 2009 Black Saturday bushfires Victoria450,0001,100,0001732,0292,000 [3] [59] [60] [61] [62]
4 January 2013 Tasmanian bushfires Tasmania 20,00049,0001 [63]
18 January 2013Warrumbungle bushfireNew South Wales54,000130,000053118
 [64]
17 – 28 October 2013 2013 New South Wales bushfires New South Wales100,000250,000120840 [65] [66] [67]
27 December 2011 – 3 February 2012Carnarvon bushfire complexWestern Australia800,0002,000,00000011 pastoral stations
(fences, watering systems, water points, stock feed)		[ citation needed ]
2 – 9 January 2015 2015 Sampson Flat bushfires South Australia20,00049,000027140
29 January – 20 February 20152015 O'Sullivan bushfire (Northcliffe – Windy Harbour)Western Australia98,923244,440025Thousands of hectares of production forests (karri and jarrah) or national parks[ citation needed ]
January 20152015 Lower Hotham bushfire (Boddington)Western Australia52,373129,420011
  • 1 bridge
  • Thousands of hectares of production forest (jarrah) or national parks
[ citation needed ]
1–9 August 20152015 Wentworthfalls Winter FireNew South Wales8002,000000
October – November 2015 2015 Esperance bushfires Western Australia200,000490,0004100
 [68] [69]
15 – 24 November 2015 Perth Hills bushfire complex – Solus GroupWestern Australia10,01624,750000Jarrah production forest and Conservation Park[ citation needed ]
25 November – 2 December 2015 2015 Pinery bushfire South Australia85,000210,0002910 [70] [71]
January 20162016 Murray Road bushfire (Waroona and Harvey)Western Australia69,165170,9102181 Yarloop Workshops
  • Thousands of hectares of Lane Poole Reserve
  • Production forest (jarrah)
 [72]
11 – 14 February 20172017 New South Wales bushfiresNew South Wales52,000130,0000350 [73]
Early February 2019 Tingha bushfireNew South Wales23,41957,870019 [74] [75]
5 September 2019 – 2 March 2020 2019–20 Australian bushfire season (Black Summer)Nationwide18,626,00046,030,00034 [lower-alpha 10] approx. 2,600 [lower-alpha 11] approx. 6,000At least one billion wild animals are estimated to have died (not including frogs and insects) with some species thought to be facing extinction.Area [77] Other [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90]
1 June 2020 – 1 June 20212020–21 Australian bushfire seasonNationwide250,000617,763085Dozen outbuildings and 1 Service Station in Lucindale and dozens of out buildings in Bradbury.

Outbuildings, sheds and a nursery destroyed in Oakford.

Outbuildings lost in Wooroloo and surrounds.

1 house in Northmead north west of Sydney was severely damaged.

Australia Bushfire Seasons

Notes

  1. ↑ The 1974–1975 and 2019–2020 bushfire seasons have a combined total of area burnt.
  2. ↑ Included the Governor's summer residence at Marble Hill
  3. ↑ Included the Chateau Napier
  4. ↑ The 1974–75 bushfire season burnt over 100 million hectares (250 million acres), but there are different figures reported:
    • In 1995, the Australian Bureau of Statistics reported 117 million hectares (290 million acres) [4]
    • The 2004 National Inquiry on Bushfire Mitigation and Management reports a total of 102 million hectares (250 million acres) [22]
    The extent of the 1974–75 bushfire season was not known until after the event when satellite images were analysed, due to the fires being mostly located in very remote areas of the continent. [4]
  5. ↑ All firefighters
  6. ↑ All volunteer firefighters
  7. ↑ Both firefighters
  8. ↑ A firefighter
  9. ↑ All firefighters
  10. ↑ Includes 3 NSW firefighters, 1 Victorian firefighter, and 3 US firefighters who were killed in a Lockheed C-130 Hercules water tanker crash in the Snowy Monaro region [76]
  11. ↑ As of 13 January 2020
    • NSW 2,162+
    • SA 100+
    • Vic 54+
    • Qld 40+
    • NT 5
    • Tas 1
    • WA unknown

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Friday bushfires</span> Series of bushfires in Australia in 1939

The Black Friday bushfires of 13 January 1939, in Victoria, Australia, were part of the devastating 1938–1939 bushfire season in Australia, which saw bushfires burning for the whole summer, and ash falling as far away as New Zealand. It was calculated that three-quarters of the State of Victoria was directly or indirectly affected by the disaster, while other Australian states and the Australian Capital Territory were also badly hit by fires and extreme heat. This was the third-deadliest bushfire event in Australian history, only behind the 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires and the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ash Wednesday bushfires</span> 1983 brushfires in Australia

The Ash Wednesday bushfires, known in South Australia as Ash Wednesday II, were a series of bushfires that occurred in south-eastern Australia in 1983 on 16 February, the Christian holy day Ash Wednesday. Within twelve hours, more than 180 fires fanned by hot winds of up to 110 km/h (68 mph) caused widespread destruction across the states of Victoria and South Australia. Years of severe drought and extreme weather combined to create one of Australia's worst fire days in a century. The fires were the deadliest bushfire in Australian history until the Black Saturday bushfires in 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New South Wales Rural Fire Service</span> Volunteer firefighting agency

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Philip Christian Koperberg, is the Chairman of the New South Wales Emergency Management Committee, responsible for advising the New South Wales government on emergency response strategies, since 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006–07 Australian bushfire season</span> Australian bushfire

One of the most extensive bushfire seasons in Australia's history. Victoria experienced the longest continuously burning bushfire complex in Australia's history, with fires in the Victorian Alps and Gippsland burning over 1 million hectares of land over the course of 69 days. See Bushfires in Australia for an explanation of regional seasons.

In Australia, during winter and spring 2001, low rainfall across combined with a hot, dry December created ideal conditions for bushfires. On the day of Christmas Eve, firefighters from the Grose Vale Rural Fire Service (RFS) brigade attended a blaze in rugged terrain at the end of Cabbage Tree Rd, Grose Vale, believed to have been caused by power lines in the Grose Valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bushfires in Australia</span> Frequently occurring wildfire events

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009–10 Australian bushfire season</span>

A bushfire season occurred predominantly from June 2009 to May 2010. Increased attention has been given to this season as authorities and government attempt to preempt any future loss of life after the Black Saturday bushfires during the previous season, 2008–09. Long range weather observations predict very hot, dry and windy weather conditions during the summer months, leading to a high risk of bushfire occurrence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012–13 Australian bushfire season</span>

The summer of 2012–13 had above average fire potential for most of the southern half of the continent from the east coast to the west. This is despite having extensive fire in parts of the country over the last 12 months. The reason for this prediction is the abundant grass growth spurred by two La Niña events over the last two years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013–14 Australian bushfire season</span>

The summer of 2013–14 was at the time, the most destructive bushfire season in terms of property loss since the 2008–09 Australian bushfire season, with the loss of 371 houses and several hundred non-residential buildings as a result of wild fires between 1 June 2015 and 31 May 2016. The season also suffered 4 fatalities; 2 died in New South Wales, 1 in Western Australia and 1 in Victoria. One death was as a direct result of fire, 2 died due to unrelated health complications while fighting fires on their property, and a pilot contracted by the NSW Rural Fire Service died during an accident.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 New South Wales bushfires</span>

The 2013 New South Wales bushfires were a series of bushfires in Australia across the state of New South Wales primarily starting, or becoming notable, on 13 October 2013; followed by the worst of the fires beginning in the Greater Blue Mountains Area on 16 and 17 October 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014–15 Australian bushfire season</span>

The bushfire season in the summer of 2014–15, was expected to have the potential for many fires in eastern Australia after lower than expected rainfall was received in many areas. Authorities released warnings in the early spring that the season could be particularly bad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015–16 Australian bushfire season</span>

The most destructive bushfire season in terms of property loss since the 2008–09 Australian bushfire season, occurred in the summer of 2015–16, with the loss of 408 houses and at least 500 non-residential buildings as a result of wild fires between 1 June 2015 and 31 May 2016. The season also suffered the most human fatalities since the 2008–09 Australian bushfire season; 6 died in Western Australia, 2 in South Australia and 1 in New South Wales. 8 deaths were as a direct result of fire, and a volunteer firefighter died due to unrelated health complications while on duty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017–18 Australian bushfire season</span>

The bushfire season of the summer of 2017–18, was expected to have above normal bushfire risks with an elevated fire risk for the most of eastern and south Australian coastal areas. Australia had experienced its warmest winter on record and the ninth driest winter on record leaving dry fuel loads across much of southern Australia. Expected warmer weather over the summer period would also increase the risk. Bushfires were also expected to occur earlier, before the end of winter, as a result of the warm and dry winter. Both Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales experienced the wettest October since 1975 leading to a downgrade in bushfire risk.

The 2018 Tathra bushfire was a bushfire that burned between 18 and 19 March 2018 and primarily affected parts of the South Coast region in the Australian state of New South Wales. The fire, understood to have been caused by a failure in electrical infrastructure, began in the locality of Reedy Swamp, near Tarraganda, which spread east towards Tathra in the municipality of the Bega Valley Shire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018–19 Australian bushfire season</span>

The bushfires were predicted to be "fairly bleak" in parts of Australia, particularly in the east, by the Bushfire and Natural Hazards Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) chief executive, Richard Thornton, in September 2018. Large bushfires had already burned through southern New South Wales during winter. The outlook for spring was of a higher likelihood of fires with a twice the normal chance of an El Nino for summer. Many parts of eastern Australia including Queensland, New South Wales and Gippsland, in Victoria, were already in drought. Above normal fire was also predicted for large parts of Southern Australia and Eastern Australia by the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC. The forecast noted that Queensland had recorded the ninth driest and fourth hottest period on record from April to November. New South Wales recorded the fourth hottest period and eighth driest on record, while Victoria experiences the 13th driest and seventh hottest period on record. Authorities in New South Wales brought forward the start of the bushfire season for much of the state from October 2018 to the beginning of August 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019–20 Australian bushfire season</span> Major natural disaster

The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season or Black Summer was one of the most intense and catastrophic fire seasons on record in Australia. It included a period of bushfires in many parts of Australia, which, due to its unusual intensity, size, duration, and uncontrollable dimension, was considered a megafire by media at the time. Exceptionally dry conditions, a lack of soil moisture, and early fires in Central Queensland led to an early start to the bushfire season, beginning in June 2019. Hundreds of fires burnt, mainly in the southeast of the country, until May 2020. The most severe fires peaked from December 2019 to January 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1974–75 Australian bushfire season</span>

The 1974–75 Australian bushfire season is a series of bushfires, also known around the world as wildfires, that burned across Australia. Fires that summer burned up an estimated 117 million hectares. Approximately 15% of Australia's land mass suffered "extensive fire damage" including parts of New South Wales, the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia.

The Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements, also referred to as the Bushfires Royal Commission, was a royal commission established in 2020 by the Australian government to inquire into and report upon natural disaster management coordination as it related to the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season. The Commission was charged with the responsibility of examining the coordination, preparedness for, response to and recovery from disasters, as well as improving resilience and adapting to changing climatic conditions and mitigating the impact of natural disasters.

References

  1. ↑ "Summary of Major Bush Fires in Australia Since 1851". Romsey Australia. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
  2. ↑ "EMA Disasters Database". Emergency Management Australia . Australian Government. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
  3. 1 2 "FINAL REPORT: Summary" (PDF). Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission. July 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Chang, Charis (8 January 2020). "How the 2019 Australian bushfire season compares to other fire disasters". news.com.au. Retrieved 14 January 2020. The 1974/75 fires had almost no impact and much of the damage was found by satellite after the fact.
  5. 1 2 Stretton, Leonard Edward Bishop (1939). Report of the Royal Commission to Inquire into the Causes of and Measures Taken to Prevent the Bush Fires of January, 1939, and to Protect Life and Property, and the Measures Taken to Prevent Bush Fires in Victoria and Protect Life and Property in the Event of Future Bush Fires (PDF). Parliament of Victoria: T. Rider, Acting Government Printer.
  6. ↑ Alexander, Harriet; Chung, Laura; Chrysanthos, Natassia; Drevikovsky, Janek; Brickwood, James (1 January 2020). "'Extraordinary' 2019 ends with deadliest day of the worst fire season". The Sydney Morning Herald .
  7. ↑ "AUSTRALIA'S ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY REPORT 2019" (PDF). Australian National University. p. 6. Retrieved 30 October 2021. National fire activity was close to average: 10% below 2000–2018 average [...] total area burnt was 26 Mha; 42% below 2000–2018 average
  8. ↑ "Australia's 2020 Environment REPORT" (PDF). Australian National University. 2021. p. 10. Retrieved 30 October 2021. Nationally the area burnt was unusually small [...] Total area burnt was 17 Mha, 90% below the 2000– 2019 average
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  15. ↑ "BUSHFIRE TERROR IN N.S.W." The Advertiser . Adelaide. 11 December 1944. p. 5. Retrieved 26 January 2020– via Trove, National Library of Australia.
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  39. ↑ "Christmas 2001/2002 bushfires". Fire & Rescue NSW. NSW Government. 8 May 2007. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  40. ↑ "Homes destroyed as bushfires strike". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 October 2002. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  41. ↑ "Man dies, homes burn". The Sydney Morning Herald. 20 October 2002. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
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  45. ↑ "Tenterden fire". Australian Broadcasting Corporation .
  46. ↑ Inquest into the Deaths of Star Ellen Borlase, Jack Morley Borlase, Helen Kald Castle, Judith Maud Griffith, Jody Maria Kay, Graham Joseph Russell, Zoe Russell-Kay, Trent Alan Murnane and Neil George Richardson (PDF). Adelaide: Courts Administration Authority of South Australia. 18 December 2007. pp. iii, iv, 113. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
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