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This article is a list of shoguns that ruled Japan intermittently, as hereditary military dictators, [1] from the beginning of the Asuka period in 709 until the end of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868. [a]
Note: there are different shogun titles. For example, Kose no Maro had the title of Mutsu Chintō Shōgun (陸奥鎮東将軍, lit. "Great General of Subduing Mutsu"). Ki no Kosami had the title of Seitō Taishōgun (征東大将軍, lit. "Commander-in-chief for the pacification of the East") [5] in 789 which is less important than Sei-i Taishōgun. Ōtomo no Otomaro was the first person who was granted the title of Seii Taishōgun (征夷大将軍, lit. "Great appeasing general of the barbarians"). Sakanoue no Tamuramaro was the second, and Minamoto no Yoritomo was third person who had the title of Sei-i Taishōgun.
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Shogun from | Shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Kose no Maro | 709 | |
| 2 |  | Tajihi no Agatamori | 720 | 721 |
| 3 |  | Ōtomo no Yakamochi (c. 718–785) | 784 | 785 |
| 4 | | Ki no Kosami | 788 | 789 |
| 5 | | Ōtomo no Otomaro (731–809) | 793 | 794 |
| 6 |  | Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (758–811) | 797 | 808 |
| 7 |  | Funya no Watamaro (765–823) | 811 | 816 |
| 8 |  | Fujiwara no Tadabumi (873–947) | 940 | |
| 9 |  | Minamoto no Yoshinaka (1154–1184) | 1184 | |
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Shogun from | Shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199) | 1192 | 1199 |
| 2 |  | Minamoto no Yoriie (1182–1204) | 1202 | 1203 |
| 3 |  | Minamoto no Sanetomo (1192–1219) | 1203 | 1219 |
| 4 |  | Kujō Yoritsune (1218–1256) | 1226 | 1244 |
| 5 |  | Kujō Yoritsugu (1239–1256) | 1244 | 1252 |
| 6 | | Prince Munetaka (1242–1274) | 1252 | 1266 |
| 7 | | Prince Koreyasu (1264–1326) | 1266 | 1289 |
| 8 | | Prince Hisaaki (1276–1328) | 1289 | 1308 |
| 9 | | Prince Morikuni (1301–1333) | 1308 | 1333 |
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Shogun from | Shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Prince Moriyoshi (1308–1335) | 1333 | |
| 2 | | Prince Narinaga (1326 – c. 1337–44) | 1335 | 1336 |
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Shogun from | Shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Ashikaga Takauji (1305–1358) | 1338 | 1358 |
| 2 |  | Ashikaga Yoshiakira (1330–1367) | 1359 | 1367 |
| 3 |  | Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (1358–1408) | 1369 | de jure 1395 |
| de facto 1408 | ||||
| 4 |  | Ashikaga Yoshimochi (1386–1428) | 1395 | de jure 1423 |
| de facto 1428 | ||||
| 5 |  | Ashikaga Yoshikazu (1407–1425) | 1423 | 1425 |
| 6 |  | Ashikaga Yoshinori (1394–1441) | 1429 | 1441 |
| 7 |  | Ashikaga Yoshikatsu (1434–1443) | 1442 | 1443 |
| 8 |  | Ashikaga Yoshimasa (1436–1490) | 1449 | de jure 1474 |
| de facto 1490 | ||||
| 9 |  | Ashikaga Yoshihisa (1465–1489) | 1474 | 1489 |
| 10 |  | Ashikaga Yoshitane (1466–1523) | 1490 | 1493 |
| 11 |  | Ashikaga Yoshizumi (1481–1511) | 1495 | 1508 |
| (10) | | Ashikaga Yoshitane (1466–1523) | 1508 | 1522 |
| 12 |  | Ashikaga Yoshiharu (1511–1550) | 1522 | de jure 1547 |
| de facto 1550 | ||||
| 13 |  | Ashikaga Yoshiteru (1536–1565) | 1547 | 1565 |
| 14 |  | Ashikaga Yoshihide (1538–1568) | 1568 | |
| 15 |  | Ashikaga Yoshiaki (1537–1597) | 1568 | deposed 1573 |
| abdicated 1588 | ||||
The following were military dictators of Japan, de facto shoguns[ citation needed ] from 1568 to 1598. They unified the country, which at the start were a chaotic patchwork of warring clans.
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | de facto shogun from | de facto shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Oda Nobunaga (1535–1582) | 1568 | de jure 1575 |
| de facto 1582 | ||||
| 2 |  | Oda Nobutada (1557–1582) | 1575 | 1582 |
| 3 |  | Oda Hidenobu (1580–1605) | 1582 | 1583 |
| 1 |  | Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598) | 1585 | de jure 1592 |
| de facto 1598 | ||||
| 2 |  | Toyotomi Hidetsugu (1568–1595) | 1592 | 1595 |
| 3 |  | Toyotomi Hideyori (1593–1615) | 1598 | de jure 1603 |
From 1598 to 1600, the de facto shogunate was delegated to the Council of Five Elders.
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Shogun from | Shogun until |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616) | de facto 1600 | de jure 1605 |
| de jure 1603 | de facto 1616 | |||
| 2 |  | Tokugawa Hidetada (1579–1632) | 1605 | de jure 1623 |
| de facto 1632 | ||||
| 3 |  | Tokugawa Iemitsu (1604–1651) | 1623 | 1651 |
| 4 |  | Tokugawa Ietsuna (1641–1680) | 1651 | 1680 |
| 5 |  | Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1646–1709) | 1680 | 1709 |
| 6 |  | Tokugawa Ienobu (1662–1712) | 1709 | 1712 |
| 7 |  | Tokugawa Ietsugu (1709–1716) | 1713 | 1716 |
| 8 |  | Tokugawa Yoshimune (1684–1751) | 1716 | de jure 1745 |
| de facto 1751 | ||||
| 9 |  | Tokugawa Ieshige (1712–1761) | 1745 | de jure 1760 |
| de facto 1761 | ||||
| 10 |  | Tokugawa Ieharu (1737–1786) | 1760 | 1786 |
| 11 |  | Tokugawa Ienari (1773–1841) | 1787 | de jure 1837 |
| de facto 1841 | ||||
| 12 |  | Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1793–1853) | 1837 | 1853 |
| 13 |  | Tokugawa Iesada (1824–1858) | 1853 | 1858 |
| 14 |  | Tokugawa Iemochi (1846–1866) | 1858 | 1866 |
| 15 |  | Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1837–1913) | 1866 | 1867 [a] |
Shogun, officially sei-i taishōgun, was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, except during parts of the Kamakura period and Sengoku period when the shoguns themselves were figureheads, with real power in the hands of the shikken (執権) of the Hōjō clan and kanrei (管領) of the Hosokawa clan. In addition, Taira no Kiyomori and Toyotomi Hideyoshi were leaders of the warrior class who did not hold the position of shogun, the highest office of the warrior class, yet gained the positions of daijō-daijin and kampaku, the highest offices of the aristocratic class. As such, they ran their governments as its de facto rulers.
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Edo shogunate, was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868.
Prince Tokugawa Yoshinobu was the 15th and last shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. He resigned his position as shogun in late 1867, while aiming at keeping some political influence. After these efforts failed following the defeat at the Battle of Toba–Fushimi in early 1868, he went into retirement, and largely avoided the public eye for the rest of his life.
Osahito, posthumously honored as Emperor Kōmei, was the 121st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Kōmei's reign spanned the years from 1846 through 1867, corresponding to the final years of the Edo period.
Minamoto no Sanetomo was the third shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate. He was the second son of the Kamakura shogunate founder, Minamoto no Yoritomo. His mother was Hōjō Masako and his older brother was the second Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoriie.
Han is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
The Boshin War, sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a coalition seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperial Court.
The Matsudaira clan was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province. During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of the Matsudaira clan, Matsudaira Motoyasu became a powerful regional daimyo under Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi and changed his name to Tokugawa Ieyasu. He subsequently seized power as the first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan during the Edo period until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, many cadet branches of the clan retained the Matsudaira surname, and numerous new branches were formed in the decades after Ieyasu. Some of those branches were also of daimyō status.
This is the glossary of Japanese history including the major terms, titles and events the casual reader might find useful in understanding articles on the subject.
The Satsuma Domain, briefly known as the Kagoshima Domain, was a domain (han) of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1602 to 1871.
The Sakakibara clan was a Japanese samurai clan who rose to prominence during the Edo period under the Tokugawa shogunate. Before the Meiji Restoration, the clan served as daimyō of Takada Domain in Echigo Province. The Sakakibara were one of the four families who enjoyed the privilege of providing a regent during the minority of a Shōgun. Under the Meiji government's kazoku peerage system, the head of the clan held the title of viscount (shishaku).
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The Kyoto Mimawarigumi was a special police force created by the Tokugawa shogunate during the late Bakumatsu period to restore public order to Kyoto.
Sunpu Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The domain centered at Sunpu Castle is what is now the Aoi-ku, Shizuoka. From 1869 it was briefly called Shizuoka Domain (静岡藩).
The Kyoto Shoshidai was an important administrative and political office in the Tokugawa shogunate. The office was the personal representative of the military dictators Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Kyoto, the seat of the Japanese Emperor, and was adopted by the Tokugawa shōguns. The significance and effectiveness of the office is credited to the third Tokugawa shōgun, Tokugawa Iemitsu, who developed these initial creations as bureaucratic elements in a consistent and coherent whole.
Mutsuhito, posthumously honored as Emperor Meiji, was the 122nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Reigning from 1867 to his death, he was the first monarch of the Empire of Japan and presided over the Meiji era. His reign is associated with the Meiji Restoration, a series of rapid changes that witnessed Japan's transformation from an isolationist, feudal state to an industrialized world power.
The Meiji Restoration, referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration, and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ruling emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan. The goals of the restored government were expressed by the new emperor in the Charter Oath.
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Events in the year 1867 in Japan. It corresponds to Keiō 2 and Keiō 3 in the Japanese calendar.
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