March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes

Last updated

Operation Returning Echo
Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict
Gaza Strip map2.svg
Map of Gaza Strip and Israel border
DateMarch 9–14, 2012 (5 days)
Location
Gaza Strip and Southern Israel
Belligerents
Flag of Israel.svg Israel Flag of Palestine.svg Popular Resistance Committees
Palestinian Islamic Jihad
Casualties and losses
23 civilians wounded [1] 18 militants and 5 civilians killed; [2]
74 wounded (mostly civilians) [2]

Operation Returning Echo [3] (מבצע הד חוזר) was an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) military operation in the Gaza Strip from March 9 until March 14, 2012. It was the worst outbreak of violence covered by the media in the region since the 2008–2009 Gaza War (Operation Cast Lead). [4]

Contents

On March 9, Israel carried out a targeted air strike in the Gaza Strip killing Zohair al-Qaisi, the secretary general of the Popular Resistance Committees (PRC). Another militant was also killed in the strike, as well as seriously injuring a man nearby. [5] According to the IDF, though the PRC denies this, Al-Qaisi had overseen the 2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks, which killed eight Israelis including six civilians. [6] Israeli officials said that he was preparing the final stages of a new mega-attack that could have claimed multiple lives. [7] Palestinian militant groups retaliated [8] [9] by launching rocket attacks on Israel, with over 300 Grad missiles, Qassam rockets and mortar shells launched, of which 177 hit Israeli territory [10] striking the major urban centers of Ashdod, Ashkelon and Beersheba, as well as smaller communities.[ citation needed ] Twenty-three Israelis were injured, all of them civilians, and schools throughout southern Israel were kept closed for most of the week to protect students from rocket fire. Israel's Iron Dome missile defense system intercepted many of the Palestinian-launched projectiles aimed at large cities, shooting down 56 rockets in 71 attempts. [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]

Israel attacked with 37 air strikes on Gazan weapons storage facilities, rocket launching sites, weapon manufacturing facilities, training bases, posts, tunnels and militants, killing 22, mostly from Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the others from the Popular Resistance Committees. Four civilians were killed as well. [17] [18] [19] Another 74 Palestinians were reportedly injured during the conflict, mostly civilians. [2] Some deaths and injuries among Palestinian civilians during the escalation, which were reported as casualties of the clashes, were later shown to be unrelated to Israeli actions. [20] [21]

The United States, France, and an official from the United Nations condemned the Palestinian attacks, and the US stressed that Israel has the right to defend itself. [22] [23] The Organization of the Islamic Conference, the Arab League, Syria, Egypt and Iran condemned Israel's responsive air strikes on militants. [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] On March 13, Egypt brokered a ceasefire between Israel and Palestinian militant groups. Hamas did not participate in the fighting directly, and insisted that all-out war would "be devastating to the Palestinian people." [29]

Background

On August 18, 2011, a series of cross-border parallel attacks and mutual cover was carried out in southern Israel on Highway 12 near the Egyptian border by a squad of presumably 12 militants in four groups. [30] The militants first opened fire at an Egged No. 392 bus as it was traveling on Highway 12 in the Negev near Eilat. [31] [32] Several minutes later, a bomb was detonated next to an Israeli army patrol along Israel's border with Egypt. In a third attack, an anti-tank missile hit a private vehicle, killing four civilians. [33] Eight Israelis – six civilians, one Yamam special Unit police officer and one Golani Brigade soldier—were killed in the multiple-stage attack. [34] [35] The Israeli security forces reported eight attackers killed, and Egyptian security forces reported killing another two. [30]

Chronology of events

March 9

In the afternoon, a strike on a car in Gaza City killed Zohair al-Qaisi, the secretary-general of the Popular Resistance Committees, and his collaborator, Mahmoud Hanani. According to Israel, al-Qaisi was killed because he was in the process of organizing a large terrorist attack to be carried out on Israel's border with Gaza. Al-Qaisi was one of the masterminds of the 2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks, which killed eight Israelis. Hanani was one of the Palestinians freed from Israel as part of the deal to free Gilad Shalit in 2011. [36]

The "Iron Dome" anti-missile system. As of March 11, over a hundred rockets were fired on Israel in three days. More than thirty rockets were intercepted as of March 11, only those that were heading towards population centres. Iron Dome near Sderot.jpg
The "Iron Dome" anti-missile system. As of March 11, over a hundred rockets were fired on Israel in three days. More than thirty rockets were intercepted as of March 11, only those that were heading towards population centres.

On the same day, Palestinians increased the daily rocket barrage on Israel injuring three persons and causing a traffic accident in which two were wounded. The Israeli Air Force killed 15 more militants and a civilian in retaliatory attacks. [37] The Iron Dome successfully intercepted 90% of the rockets targeted. [38] On March 10, attacks on Israel continued, without causing damage. [39] Several Palestinians were killed while preparing to fire rockets. Militants fired guns in the air and crowds chanted "Revenge, revenge!" during funeral processions in Gaza City. [40] Particulars of individual Palestinian rocket attacks on March 9:

March 10

Particulars of Palestinian rocket attacks:

March 11

As of March 11, over a hundred rockets were fired on Israel in three days. More than thirty rockets were intercepted as of March 11, only those that were heading towards population centres. Overnight, IAF struck new targets in Gaza, killing two Palestinians. [62]

Palestinians fired at least 39 rockets into Israel on March 11. [63] Particulars of individual attacks:

March 12

On March 12, Israel carried out nine raids against military targets. [75]

Islamic Jihad confirmed two of its members were killed. In another attack, five civilians were struck. A 16-year-old school boy was killed on March 12, though his death was later shown to be unrelated to Israeli actions. [20] 24 people, including children, were wounded in a pre-dawn strike on Gaza city. [75]

Schools in southern Israel remained closed. [75]

Palestinians fired 42 rockets into Israel. [76] Particulars of individual attacks:

March 13

A rocket fired from Gaza hit the city of Netivot IDF-Rocket Hits Netivot.jpg
A rocket fired from Gaza hit the city of Netivot

An informal ceasefire was reached early on March 13. Despite this, Palestinians fired at least 7 rockets and 10 mortars at Israel throughout the day. [11] Particulars of individual attacks:

March 14

Despite the ceasefire, Palestinians continued to launch missiles into Israel. Around 7 pm, a Grad rocket fired at Beersheba was intercepted by Iron Dome. A second rocket landed in an empty field. Neither projectile caused injuries or damage. [113] Following the attack, local authorities announced that schools in Ashdod, Ashkelon, Beersheba, Kiryat Gat, Kiryat Malachi, Gan Yavne and the Bnei Shimon Regional Council would be closed for March 15. Some schools had been open on March 14 after the recent escalation was perceived as having ended. [114] Israel responded to the attack with air strikes on an infiltration tunnel and a rocket launching site. [115]

March 15

Despite the ceasefire, Palestinians fired a barrage of rockets into Israel. The attacks were praised by Hezbollah Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah, who, in a Hezbollah graduation ceremony, lauded the fact that "the resistance was able to force a million and half a million of Israelis to stay in shelters". [116] Details of individual attacks:

March 16

Despite the ceasefire, Palestinians fired a rocket into the Eshkol Regional Council. [121]

March 19

Despite the ceasefire, Palestinians fired a rocket into the Eshkol Regional Council, causing no injuries or damage. [122]

March 20

Despite the ceasefire, Palestinians fired a rocket into the Eshkol Regional Council, causing no injuries or damage. [123]

March 21

Despite the ceasefire, Palestinians fired a rocket into the Eshkol Regional Council. Later, a mortar shell was fired into the Sha'ar Hanegev Regional Council. This was followed moments later by a second mortar shell fired at Israel Defense Forces soldiers near the border fence. No injuries or damage were reported in any of the attacks. [124] [125] [126]

March 29

Despite the ceasefire, Palestinians fired three mortar shells into the Eshkol Regional Council, causing no injuries or damage. [127]

Disputed incidents

On 12 March, 16-year-old Nayef Qarmut was killed and six other teenagers were injured in an apparent explosion near Beit Lahiya in the Gaza Strip. Adham Abu Selmiya, a spokesman for medical services in the Hamas-ruled territory, said that Qarmut was killed by an Israeli air strike. The Israel Defense Forces, however, denied that any air strikes had taken place in that time and location. An Agence France-Presse correspondent at the scene said there were no signs of any impact consistent with an air strike, and that the most likely cause of the teen's death was an explosive device he was carrying. [20]

On 14 March, Adham Abu Selmiya said that 8-year-old Barka al-Mugrahbi died of wounds sustained in the same purported air strike which he had said killed Nayef Qarmut. However, on the same day, witnesses and relatives said that the boy was killed by being struck in the head by an errant bullet when gunmen were firing in the air during a Gazan funeral procession for a militant. [128] Abu Selmiya corrected his account, blaming his original account on "wrong information" from the hospital. [21]

Iron Dome

About 300 rockets being fired by militants from Gaza. [16] On 10 March 2012, The Jerusalem Post reported an Iron Dome success rate of shooting down 90% of rockets launched from Gaza the system engaged (rockets which will land in unpopulated areas are ignored) [129] and there were no Israeli casualties, whether civilian or military. The success of the Iron Dome system was widely acclaimed on the Israeli side.

Reactions

The United Nations, the United States and France condemned the Palestinian attacks, and the US stressed that Israel has the right to defend itself. [22] [130] The Organization of the Islamic Conference, the Arab League and Egypt condemned Israel's air strikes on militants. [24] [26] [131] [132]

The result, according to Leor Sapir, brought five strategic benefits to Israel: (1) it enabled a new weapon system to be tested in an authentic operational setting: (2) it provided crucial data to check if Iron Dome's technology met its original expectations. (3) It inspired both confidence in the system's capabilities and set realistic expectations: (4) It enabled, in a controlled conflict to get the Gaza terrorist infrastructure to waste a significant number of rockets: (5) Above all, activating Iron Dome has a deterrent effect by sending with its 76% hit-rate a powerful message to Iran and Hezbollah. [133]

Twitter incidents

Some images of children in the conflict were outdated and caused controversy. During the March 2012 Gaza-Israel clashes, Ofir Gendelman, a spokesman for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, tweeted a photo of an Israeli woman and her two children ducking a Gaza rocket describing it as "when a rocket fired by terrorists from Gaza is about to hit their home." When it was proved the photo was from 2009 he said "I never stated that the photo was current." [134] During that period Khulood Badawi, an Information and Media Coordinator for the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, tweeted a picture of a Palestinian child covered in blood. She was criticized because the child was killed in 2006, allegedly in an accident. [135] She later tweeted that she mistakenly had tweeted an old photo. [136] Ma'an News Agency reported a week later that the hospital medical report on the dead girl read that she died “due to falling from a high area during the Israeli strike on Gaza”. There are differing accounts of how the Israeli air strike, reported to be as little as 100 meters away, may have caused the accident. Israel has denied having any involvement in the girl's death. [137]

List of Palestinian militants killed

  1. Zohair al-Qaisi, commander of the Popular Resistance Committees (PRC), killed in initial air strike on 9 March. [138]
  2. Ahmad Hanini, senior PRC member, killed in same air strike. [138]
  3. Hussein Barham Al-Breim (51), of the PRC, killed while on his motorcycle east of Khan Yunis on 10 March. [139] [140]
  4. Mansour Kamal Abu Nuseira (20), of the PRC, killed in same air strike. [139] [140]
  5. Mahdi Abu Shawish (24), of the PRC, killed in Rafah later on 10 March. [139] [140]
  6. Ahmad Hajjaj, of Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), killed in his car in Gaza City on 10 March. [141]
  7. Fayiq Saad, of PIJ, killed in same air strike. [141]
  8. Muatasim Hajjaj, of PIJ, killed in same air strike. [141]
  9. Shadi Sayqali, of PIJ . [142]
  10. Hazim Qureiqi, of PIJ. [142]
  11. Ubeid Gharably, of PIJ. [142]
  12. Muhammad Hararah, of PIJ. [142]
  13. Muhammad Maghari, of PIJ, killed in Beit Lahiya on 10 March, according to PIJ. [141] [143] [144]
  14. Mahmoud Najim, of PIJ, killed in same air strike, according to PIJ. [141] [143]
  15. Muhammad al-Ghamry (26), of PIJ, killed on 10 March. [141] [143]
  16. Ahmed Deeb Salem (24), of the PRC, killed in Gaza City on 11 March, according to the PRC. [145]
  17. Raafat Abu Eid (24), of PIJ, killed in his vehicle in Khan Yunis on 12 March. [146]
  18. Hamadah Salman Abu Mutlaq (24), killed east of Khan Yunis on 12 March. [146]
  19. Bassam al-Ajla, of PIJ, killed east of Gaza City later on 12 March, while preparing to fire a rocket at Israel. [147]
  20. Muhammad Thaher, of PIJ, killed in same air strike. [147]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "IDF – Israel Defense Forces: Over 300 rockets fired at Israel, IAF thwarts rock". Idf. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 al-Mughrabi, Nidal (March 12, 2012). "23 killed in Israel-Gaza violence". The Daily Star. Reuters. Archived from the original on September 29, 2012.
  3. ↑ Ewave ltd. (March 13, 2012). "המהדורה המרכזית - רגיעה: מבצע "הד חוזר" הסתיים". Reshet.tv. Archived from the original on February 3, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  4. ↑ Mitnick, Joshua; Bradley, Matt (March 13, 2012). "Israel-Gaza Clash Calms After Egypt Mediates a Truce". The Wall Street Journal.
  5. ↑ "Israel launches deadly air strikes on Gaza". BBC News. March 10, 2012.
  6. ↑ Shmulovich, Michal (March 9, 2012). "South bombarded by rockets after air force kills Gaza terror head". Times of Israel. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  7. ↑ Zitun, Yoav (March 9, 2012). "IDF: Killed terror chief planned mega-attack". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  8. ↑ "At least 15 killed in Israeli air strikes on Gaza". The Guardian. March 10, 2012. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved April 18, 2023. The strikes began on Friday, when Israeli air raids killed the senior militant leader Zohair al-Qaisi, the secretary general of the Popular Resistance Committees (PRC). Israel claimed he was targeted because he was planning an attack. Militants retaliated with a fierce rocket attack on Israel's southern border communities, which seriously wounded one civilian.
  9. ↑ "Israel launches deadly air strikes on Gaza". BBC News. March 9, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023. The Israeli military said dozens of rockets had been fired into Israel.... Some of the rockets had been intercepted by Israel's "Iron Dome" anti-missile system, she added... The rockets were apparently fired in retaliation for the killing of PRC leaders.
  10. ↑ "Rocket & Mortar Attacks Against Israel by Date". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  11. 1 2 Goldman, Yoel (March 14, 2012). "Rockets continue but general says ceasefire expected to hold". Times of Israel. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
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  20. 1 2 3 Israel denies boy killed on way to school was drone victim Archived April 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine , AFP (published in the Sydney Morning Herald) 13-03-2012
  21. 1 2 Israeli raids Gaza after rockets fired, AFP (published in the Australian) 15-03-2012
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  26. 1 2 Yaakov, Yifa. "Barak warns Gaza flare-up may last several more days". Times of Israel. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
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  28. ↑ "Syria condemns Israel over Gaza airstrikes". Ynetnews. March 13, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
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  32. ↑ "Israel launches strikes on Gaza after attacks". Al Jazeera English. August 19, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
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  35. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (August 19, 2011). "Counter-terror officer killed by terrorist fire near Eilat". The Jerusalem Post . Archived from the original on August 19, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
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  41. ↑ "Two mortar shells explode in Eshkol region; no casualties". The Jerusalem Post. March 9, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  42. 1 2 Brener, Neri (March 9, 2012). "South under fire; IDF kills 12 terrorists". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
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  44. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 10, 2012). "Rocket fired from Gaza lands in Beersheba; building damaged". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  45. ↑ Brener, Neri (March 9, 2012). "Iron Dome intercepts 2 rockets fired at Ashdod". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  46. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 10, 2012). "Rocket fired at Beersheba; none injured". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  47. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 10, 2012). "Another rocket explodes in Eshkol Regional Council; no injuries". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  48. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 10, 2012). "Rocket explodes in Eshkol Regional Council; no injuries". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  49. ↑ Brenner, Neri (March 10, 2012). "Color Red alert sounds in Sderot". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  50. ↑ Brenner, Neri (March 10, 2012). "Qassam explodes in Sha'ar Hanegev Regional Council; no injuries". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  51. ↑ Zitun, Yoav (March 10, 2012). "Iron Dome intercepts 2 more rockets fired towards Ashkelon". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  52. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 10, 2012). "2 rockets hit northwestern Negev". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  53. ↑ Curiel, Ilana; Brenner, Neri (March 10, 2012). "Rockets hit near Sderot, Netivot". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
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  55. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 10, 2012). "Second rocket in 1 hour explodes in Sha'ar Hanegev". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  56. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 10, 2012). "Two rockets slam into Eshkol Region Council, none injured". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
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  58. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 10, 2012). "Shrapnel from intercepted rocket falls on Ashkelon home". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  59. 1 2 Brenner, Neri (March 10, 2012). "Rocket hits Be'er Tuvia Regional Council". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
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  62. ↑ Cohen, Gili (December 2, 2011). "Iron Dome intercepts Gaza rockets over Ashdod, as escalation continues for third day". Haaretz. Israel. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  63. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 11, 2012). "Police: At least 39 rockets fired at Israel on Sunday". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  64. ↑ "Two rockets explode in South; no casualties, damage". The Jerusalem Post. March 11, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
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  66. ↑ "Iron Dome hits rocket, shrapnel causes damage in Beersheba". The Jerusalem Post. March 11, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  67. ↑ "video footage of the blast". Israelnationalnews.com. March 12, 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
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  69. ↑ "Report: Two rockets explode near Ofakim; no casualties". The Jerusalem Post. March 11, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  70. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 11, 2012). "Three rockets explode in Eshkol region; no casualties". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  71. ↑ "Rocket fired from Gaza intercepted near Ashkelon". The Jerusalem Post. March 11, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  72. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 11, 2012). "Two Kassam rockets land in Eshkol region; no casualties". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  73. ↑ "Report: Two Grad rockets fired over Ashkelon, no injuries". The Jerusalem Post. March 12, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  74. ↑ Brenner, Neri (March 11, 2012). "IDF intercepts additional rocket over Ashkelon". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  75. 1 2 3 Barzak, Ibrahim (March 12, 2012). "New Israeli airstrikes kill 3 in Gaza". Toronto. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012.
  76. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 12, 2012). "Police: Total of 42 rockets hit Israel Monday". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  77. ↑ "7 rockets fired from Gaza into Eshkol regional council". The Jerusalem Post. March 12, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  78. ↑ Curiel, Ilana; Levy, Elior; Zitun, Yoav; Brenner, Neri (March 12, 2012). "Grad salvo hits western Negev". Ynetnews. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  79. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 12, 2012). "Eshkol: Rocket damages structures near kindergarten". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  80. ↑ "3 Rockets fired at Beersheba from Gaza; none hurt". The Jerusalem Post. March 12, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  81. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 12, 2012). "Iron Dome intercepts 5 rockets fired at Ashdod; none hurt". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  82. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 12, 2012). "Rocket falls in open area near Ashdod; no injuries". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  83. ↑ "2 trucks damaged by mortar shells on Gaza side of border". The Jerusalem Post. March 12, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  84. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 12, 2012). "Kassam from Gaza lands in Eshkol Council area; none hurt". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  85. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 12, 2012). "2 Kassams from Gaza land in Sha'ar Hanegev region, no hurt". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  86. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 12, 2012). "2 rockets explode near Beersheba". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  87. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 12, 2012). "Qassam hits western Negev none injured". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  88. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 12, 2012). "Grad rocket from Gaza lands in Gedera area; none hurt". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  89. ↑ Brenner, Neri; Senyor, Eli; Zitun, Yoav (March 12, 2012). "Rocket explodes in Gadera; Car damaged". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  90. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 12, 2012). "Grad rockets slam into Ashdod, Gedera". JPost. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  91. ↑ Brenner, Neri (March 12, 2012). "3 rockets hit northwestern Negev". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  92. ↑ Brenner, Neri (March 12, 2012). "Ashdod: Rocket hits car". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  93. ↑ Brenner, Neri (March 12, 2012). "Ashdod: 2 injured by rocket shrapnel". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  94. ↑ Brenner, Neri (March 12, 2012). "Iron Dome intercepts rocket fired at Ashdod". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  95. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 12, 2012). "Rocket explodes in Ofakim area". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  96. ↑ Brener, Neri (March 12, 2012). "Iron Dome intercepts rocket fired at Ashdod". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  97. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 12, 2012). "2 rockets explode in Eshkol Regional Council". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  98. ↑ Brener, Neri (March 12, 2012). "Iron dome intercepts 2 rockets over Ashkelon". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  99. ↑ Brener, Neri (March 12, 2012). "Air raid siren activated in Ashkelon". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  100. ↑ Brener, Neri (March 12, 2012). "2 mortar shells explode in south". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  101. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 12, 2012). "Another Qassam rocket explodes in south". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  102. ↑ Brenner, Neri (March 13, 2012). "Rocket hits western Negev; non injured". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  103. ↑ "Mortar shell fired at Ashkelon area; none injured". The Jerusalem Post. March 13, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  104. ↑ "Kassam rocket fired at Eshkol Regional Council from Gaza". The Jerusalem Post. March 13, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  105. ↑ Brenner, Neri (March 13, 2012). "Color Red Alert in Hof Ashkelon; mortar falls in Palestinian territory". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  106. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 13, 2012). "4 mortars explode in Eshkol Regional Council; no injuries". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  107. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 13, 2012). "2 additional Gaza mortars hit Negev". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  108. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 13, 2012). "Gaza rocket hits Negev; no injuries". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  109. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 13, 2012). "Mortar shell hits Eshkol Council; no injuries". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  110. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (June 20, 1995). "ynet עלה ל-20 מספר נפגעי החרדה מפיצוץ הגראד בנתיבות - חדשות". Ynet. Ynet.co.il. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  111. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 13, 2012). "man injured from rocket explodes in Netivot". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  112. ↑ Curiel, Ilana; Zitun, Yoav; Brener, Neri; Somfalvi, Attila; Benhorin, Yitzhak (March 14, 2012). "Rocket hits Netivot parking lot; IDF strikes in Gaza - Israel News, Ynetnews". Ynetnews. Ynetnews.com. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  113. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 15, 2012). "Two Grad rockets fired toward Beersheba; Iron Dome gets one". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  114. ↑ Katz, Yaakov (March 15, 2012). "Rocket attacks continue after IAF strikes". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  115. 1 2 Curiel, Ilana (March 15, 2012). "Iron Dome intercepts Grad; rocket hits Netivot". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  116. ↑ "Nasrallah praises barrage of Gazan rockets fired at Israel". The Jerusalem Post. March 15, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  117. ↑ "Kassam explodes in Sdot Negev region; no casualties". The Jerusalem Post. March 15, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  118. ↑ Brener, Neri (March 15, 2012). "Grad fired at Ashdod intercepted by Iron Dome". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  119. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 15, 2012). "Rocket hits western Negev". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  120. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 15, 2012). "Rocket hits Hof Ashkelon Regional Council". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  121. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 16, 2012). "Rocket hits Negev overnight; no injuries". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  122. ↑ "Kassam lands in Eshkol Council area; none injured". The Jerusalem Post. March 19, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  123. ↑ "Rocket strikes Eshkol Regional Council; none injured". The Jerusalem Post. March 20, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  124. ↑ Curiel, Ilana (March 21, 2012). "Rocket explodes in Eshkol Regional Council; no injuries". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  125. ↑ Zitun, Yoav; Levy, Elior (March 21, 2012). "Mortar shell fired at IDF troops near Gaza border". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  126. ↑ Zitun, Yoav (March 21, 2012). "3 rockets fired at western Negev". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  127. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (March 29, 2012). "Three mortar shells explode in Eshkol area, none injured". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  128. ↑ Levy, Elior (March 14, 2012). "Palestinians: Gaza boy dies of wounds". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  129. ↑ Katz, Yaakov (March 10, 2012). "Iron Dome ups its interception rate to over 90%". The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  130. ↑ Clinton condemns rocket fire on Israel, Jerusalem Post March 10, 2012
  131. ↑ Egypt condemns Israeli strikes on Gaza, Ynet News March 10, 2012
  132. ↑ Arab League, Egypt FM condemn IDF operations in Gaza, Jerusalem Post March 11, 2012
  133. ↑ Sapir, Leor (March 27, 2012). "Iron Dome's Crucial Gaza Test". Commentary Magazine. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  134. ↑ Hadid, Diaa (March 15, 2012). "Old photos tweeted in Israel-Palestinian conflict". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  135. ↑ Frenkel, Sheera (March 14, 2012). "Tweets of misleading photos feed Israeli-Palestinian feud". North Iowa Today. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  136. ↑ Keinon, Herb (March 20, 2012). "No sign UN will fire worker over incendiary tweet". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  137. ↑ Charlotte Alfred, Twitter flap obscures details of Gaza girl's death Archived January 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine , Ma'an News Agency, 27/03/2012 (updated) 01/04/2012 09:31
  138. 1 2 "IDF foils major attack; kills 2 terrorists in Gaza strike". The Jerusalem Post. March 9, 2012. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  139. 1 2 3 Curiel, Ilana; Brenner, Neri; Zitun, Yoav; Kais, Roee; Levy, Elior (March 10, 2012). "IAF kills 3 more terrorists; Over 100 rockets fired from Gaza". Ynetnews. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  140. 1 2 3 Airstrikes kill 3 in south Gaza, Ma'an News Agency 10-03-2012
  141. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Israel bombards Gaza for second day, Ma'an News Agency 10-03-2012
  142. 1 2 3 4 Gaza buries 12 men, Ma'an News Agency 10-03-2011
  143. 1 2 3 حتى فجر اليوم.."سرايا القدس" تودع 10 مجاهدين وتدك المحتل بأكثر من 70 صاروخ وقذيفة, paltoday.ps 10-03-2012
  144. ↑ The name "Maghari" indicates a family origin from the village of Al-Maghar, depopulated in 1948.
  145. ↑ كتائب الناصر تزف للجنان شهيدها المجاهد أحمد سالم ديب Archived April 30, 2015, at the Wayback Machine , moqawmh.ps 11-03-2012
  146. 1 2 5 killed, 46 injured in fourth day of Gaza airstrikes, Ma'an News Agency 12-03-2012
  147. 1 2 Medics: 2 killed in Israeli airstrike east of Gaza City, Ma'an News Agency 12-03-2012
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