Mister Roberts (1955 film)

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Mister Roberts
Mister Roberts (1955 movie poster).jpg
Theatrical release poster
by Bill Gold
Directed by John Ford
Mervyn LeRoy
Joshua Logan (uncredited)
Screenplay by Frank S. Nugent
Joshua Logan
Based on Mister Roberts
(1946 novel)
by Thomas Heggen;
Mister Roberts
(1948 play)
by Thomas Heggen
Joshua Logan
Produced by Leland Hayward
Starring Henry Fonda
James Cagney
William Powell
Jack Lemmon
Cinematography Winton C. Hoch
Edited by Jack Murray
Music by Franz Waxman
Distributed by Warner Bros.
Release date
  • July 30, 1955 (1955-07-30)
Running time
120, [1]
123, [2] or
120-121, 123 or 126 minutes [3] [4]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$2.3 million [5]
Box office$21.2 million [6]

Mister Roberts is a 1955 American comedy-drama film directed by John Ford and Mervyn LeRoy featuring an all-star cast including Henry Fonda as Mister Roberts, James Cagney as Captain Morton, William Powell (in his final film appearance) as Doc, and Jack Lemmon as Ensign Pulver. Based on the 1946 novel and 1948 Broadway play, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Sound, and Best Supporting Actor, with Lemmon winning the latter. [7]

Contents

Plot

In the waning days of World War II, the United States Navy cargo ship Reluctant operates in areas of the Pacific Ocean far from enemy action. Lt. Doug Roberts, the executive officer and cargo chief, shields the dispirited crew from their harsh captain, Lt Cdr. Morton. Roberts shares quarters with Ensign Frank Thurlowe Pulver, the laundry and morale officer, who avoids the captain so completely that Morton is initially unaware that Pulver is a crew member. Eager to join the fighting, Roberts repeatedly requests a transfer, but Morton's refusal to endorse his requests results in them being rejected.

Roberts surreptitiously requests and is granted crew liberty from one of Morton's superiors, a port captain who wishes to reward the Reluctant's crew for meeting a difficult resupply schedule. When the ship reaches an idyllic South Pacific island, however, Morton cancels the crew's shore leave. In private, Morton tells Roberts that his transfer requests and reports of low crew morale are hurting Morton's chance of promotion and that the crew will be denied leave unless Roberts submits fully to Morton's command style, ceases to request a transfer, and never tells the crew why. Roberts acquiesces, and the crew is granted liberty. The ship is kicked out of port after the crew’s raucous liberty and the angry captain, in reprimanding the crew, prods Roberts to back him.

The crew is mystified by Roberts' new strictness and deference to the captain. Morton convinces them that Roberts is vying for a promotion. When a crew member informs Roberts of a new Navy policy which could help him receive a transfer despite the captain's opposition, Roberts declines.

News of the Allied victory in Europe depresses Roberts further, as the war may end soon without his ever seeing combat, and Roberts tosses Morton's prized palm tree overboard. Morton eventually realizes Roberts is the likely culprit and summons him to his quarters and accuses him of the deed. An open microphone allows the crew to overhear their heated conversation and why Roberts changed.

Weeks later, Roberts receives an unexpected transfer. 'Doc,' the ship's doctor and Roberts' friend, confides to him that the crew risked court-martial by submitting a transfer request with Morton's forged signature of approval. Before he leaves, the crew present Roberts with a handmade medal, the Order of the Palm, for "action against the enemy".

Several weeks later, Pulver, who has been appointed cargo officer, receives several letters. The first is from Roberts, enthusiastic about his new assignment aboard the destroyer USS Livingston during the Battle of Okinawa. The second letter is from Pulver's college friend, Fornell, also assigned to the Livingston, which reveals that Roberts was killed in a kamikaze attack shortly after the first letter had been posted. Pulver throws the captain's replacement palm tree overboard, marches into Morton's cabin, and claims responsibility. Morton realizes his problems have not gone away.

Cast

Production

The film was originally planned to be made in 3-D but Warner Brothers later announced that it was to be made in WarnerSuperScope instead using Warner's new All-Media camera with no mention of 3-D. [8] It was eventually released in CinemaScope.

Fonda was not the original choice to star in the film version; Warner Bros. was considering William Holden or Marlon Brando for the role. The studio thought Fonda had been on stage and off the screen so long (seven years) that he was no longer a box office draw. In addition, when filming began he was 49, much older than the average lieutenant junior grade. Fonda was hired only because director John Ford insisted.

The movie was directed by John Ford, Mervyn LeRoy and Joshua Logan, who was uncredited. While directing the film, Ford had personality conflicts with Fonda and Cagney. [9] When Ford met Cagney at the airport, the director warned that they would "tangle asses," which caught Cagney by surprise. Cagney later said, "I would have kicked his brains out. He was so goddamned mean to everybody. He was truly a nasty old man." [10] The next day, Cagney was slightly late on set, and Ford became incensed. Cagney cut short the imminent tirade, saying, "When I started this picture, you said that we would tangle asses before this was over. I'm ready now – are you?" Ford backed down and walked away, and he and Cagney had no further conflicts on the set. [10]

Nevertheless, Ford was replaced by LeRoy after difficulties with Fonda (Ford apparently punched Fonda in the jaw during a heated argument), and a gall bladder problem that necessitated emergency surgery. It has been widely speculated which scenes were directed by LeRoy. Jack Lemmon shed some light on this issue in his DVD commentary: "Mervyn LeRoy would watch all of the rushes that Ford had shot prior to his temporary departure and decided to shoot them the way John Ford would have shot 'em." Logan, who had directed the original stage production in which Fonda starred, re-shot major portions of the film, at Fonda's request.

The DVD release of this film includes an audio commentary by Lemmon in which he recounts stories of his experience making the film and his views on acting. During the production of the film, Lemmon began a long-term friendship with Cagney which continued until Cagney's death in 1986. Prior to his appearance in his first film, years before Mister Roberts, he started in live television. In one particular performance, Lemmon decided to play his character differently. He decided to play the character left-handed, which was opposite to his own handedness. With much practice, he pulled off the performance without anyone noticing the change. Even Lemmon's wife was fooled. A few years later, Lemmon met Cagney on their way to Midway Island to film Mister Roberts. Cagney asked, "Are you still fooling people into believing you're left-handed?" They had a great laugh and a strong friendship was born.

Fonda, in his 1982 autobiography, My Life, praised the movie but said he believed the play was even better. Mister Roberts was William Powell's final film and final acting appearance, although he lived nearly another 30 years, dying at age 91 in 1984. The film was James Cagney's last movie for Warner Bros., the studio that had propelled him to stardom in the 1930s and under which he had spent the majority of his career under contract.

USS Reluctant

The Navy vessel that played the role of USS Reluctant (AK-601), a.k.a. "the Bucket," in the movie's exterior shots was a former U.S. Army Freight and Passenger/Freight and Supply (FP/FS) vessel, which was originally commissioned in the Navy following World War II. [11] The USS Hewell (AG-145) is credited by the Navy as the ship assigned to the filming. [12] The official Navy history for the ship [13] notes:

In late August 1954 Hewell departed Hawaii for Midway Island, mooring at the Naval Base there on 28 August to help film the Warner Brothers movie Mister Roberts. The film, starring Henry Fonda, James Cagney, William Powell and Jack Lemmon, was partially shot on board Hewell, with underway footage filmed off Midway Harbor between 1 and 16 September. The light cargo ship then sailed back to Hawaii between 24 and 29 September and additional film was shot off Kaneohe Bay between 30 September and 7 October.

A 1994 article which appeared in the newsletter of the Keyport, Washington Naval Undersea Warfare Center, contending that IX-308 [14] (another Army FS vessel converted to a Navy AKL (light auxiliary cargo) and assigned torpedo recovery duties at Keyport) was used in filming of Mister Roberts and not Hewell, created a controversy. [15] That ship had been named USNS New Bedford [16] for its service out of that port serving the USAF Texas Towers radar facilities off the east coast of the United States. [17]

All but one [16] of the Navy's AKLs were built as U.S. Army FP/FS type cargo vessels transferred to the Navy. [18] As it was, an AKL carried a much smaller crew than the USS Virgo (AKA-20) and USS Rotanin (AK-108), both of which Thomas Heggen served on during the war. [19] In the movie, Mr. Roberts says to Doc that there are "62 men" aboard which would have been far too many for an AKL.

A number of modifications to the AKL exterior appearance were made for the film. The "palm tree" was located on a "deck" built for the movie by extending the small deckhouse of the AKL and building movie set ladders to the bridge and main deck. [20] The crew, when going below to their berthing compartment, are shown in the movie to be descending into the cargo hold.

Reception

The film was a financial success. It grossed $21.2 million, [6] earning $8.5 million in US theatrical rentals. [21]

Awards and honors

AwardCategoryNominee(s)Result
Academy Awards [7] Best Motion Picture Leland Hayward Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Jack Lemmon Won
Best Sound Recording William A. Mueller Nominated
British Academy Film Awards [22] Best Foreign Actor Jack LemmonNominated
National Board of Review Awards [23] Top Ten Films 3rd Place
Writers Guild of America Awards [24] Best Written American Comedy Frank S. Nugent and Joshua Logan Won

Television and sequels

Mister Roberts was followed by a film sequel, Ensign Pulver (1964), with Robert Walker Jr. starring as Pulver. It also starred Burl Ives as Captain Morton, Walter Matthau as Doc, and in small roles, Larry Hagman and Jack Nicholson, among others. Much of the screenplay was derived from Heggen's original book.

The original film was the basis of the 1965 TV series Mister Roberts , which lasted one season, and the film was remade for television in 1984 as a live telecast shot mostly in the form of a stage play.

Related Research Articles

<i>Mister Roberts</i> (novel) 1946 novel by Thomas Heggen

Mister Roberts is a 1946 novel by Thomas Heggen, based on his experiences in the South West Pacific theatre during World War II. Several characters, including the eponymous Mister Roberts, were based on real people. Lieutenant Roberts defends his crew against the petty tyranny of the ship's commanding officer, while submitting transfer requests on a daily basis. Nearly all action takes place on a US Navy auxiliary cargo ship, the USS Reluctant, which sails, as written in the 1948 play adapted from the novel, "from Apathy to Tedium, with occasional side trips to Monotony and Ennui." Roberts eventually wins his freedom from the “bucket” and assignment to a destroyer, with tragic consequences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shore leave</span>

Shore leave is the leave that professional sailors get to spend on dry land. It is also known as "liberty" within the United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, and Marine Corps.

<i>Ensign Pulver</i> 1964 film by Joshua Logan

Ensign Pulver is a 1964 American Technicolor comedy drama film in Panavision and a sequel to the 1955 film Mister Roberts. The film stars Robert Walker Jr., Burl Ives, Walter Matthau and Tommy Sands and features Millie Perkins, Larry Hagman, Kay Medford, Peter Marshall, Jack Nicholson, Richard Gautier, George Lindsey, James Farentino and James Coco.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Technical research ship</span> Type of intelligence-gathering ship

Technical research ships were used by the United States Navy during the 1960s to gather intelligence by monitoring, recording and analyzing wireless electronic communications of nations in various parts of the world. At the time these ships were active, the mission of the ships was covert and discussion of the true mission was prohibited. The mission of the ships was publicly given as conducting research into atmospheric and communications phenomena. Their designation was AGTR – Auxiliary, General, Technical Research – but it was more or less an open secret that this was a euphemism and they were commonly referred to as "spy ships".

<i>The Wackiest Ship in the Army</i> (film) 1960 film by Richard Murphy

The Wackiest Ship in the Army is an American 1960 Eastmancolor CinemaScope comedy-drama war film directed by Richard Murphy and starring Jack Lemmon, Ricky Nelson, and Chips Rafferty. It was filmed at Pearl Harbor and Kauai.

<i>Mister Roberts</i> (play)

Mister Roberts is a 1948 play based on the 1946 Thomas Heggen novel of the same name.

<i>Mister Roberts</i> (TV series) 1965 American TV series or program

Mister Roberts is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from September 17, 1965 to September 2, 1966. Based on the best selling 1946 novel, 1948 play, and the 1955 film of the same name, the series stars Roger Smith in the title role and Richard X. Slattery as the ship's captain.

Thomas Heggen was an American author best known for his 1946 novel Mister Roberts and its adaptations to stage and screen. Heggen became an Oklahoman in 1935, when in the depths of the Depression his father's business failed and his family moved from Iowa to Oklahoma City for work. He was Wallace Stegner's cousin.

Mister Roberts is a 1984 American made-for-television comedy-drama film adapted from the 1948 play by Thomas Heggen and Joshua Logan, based on Heggen's 1946 novel. It stars Robert Hays as Doug Roberts and Charles Durning as the Captain. The film was originally broadcast on NBC on March 19, 1984. There was a 1955 Academy Award-winning film of the same name starring Henry Fonda, James Cagney, William Powell, and Jack Lemmon.

USS <i>Camano</i> Cargo ship of the United States Navy

USS Camano (AG-130/AKL-1) was an Army Design 381 coastal freighter acquired by the United States Navy 16 July 1947 at Apra Harbor, Guam and became the lead ship of her class of cargo ship. She was configured as a Navy transport and cargo ship and operated with the U.S. Pacific Fleet until 1951, when she was turned over to the U.S. Department of the Interior.

USS <i>Deal</i> Cargo ship of the United States Navy

USS Deal (AG-131/AKL-2) was constructed for the U.S. Army as U.S. Army FS-263 shortly before the end of World War II and later acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1947. She was configured as a transport and cargo ship, classed by the Navy as a Camano-class cargo ship and operated with the U.S. Pacific Fleet from post-World War II and on through the end of the Korean War.

USS Ryer (AG-138/AKL-9) was a Camano-class cargo ship constructed for the U.S. Army as the Freight and Supply Ship USA FS-361 shortly before the end of World War II. On delivery the ship was U.S. Coast Guard crewed and assigned to serve the Southwest Pacific area during the war. The ship was acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1947, configured as a transport and cargo ship, named and was Commissioned, Miscellaneous Auxiliary, USS Ryer (AG-138), 8 June 1947 and reclassified Light Cargo Ship, (AKL-9), 31 March 1949.

USS <i>Sharps</i> Cargo ship of the United States Navy

USS Sharps (AG-139/AKL-10) was a Camano-class cargo ship constructed for the U.S. Army as USA FS-385 shortly before the end of World War II and later acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1947. She was configured as a transport and cargo ship and was assigned to serve the World War II Trust Territories in the Pacific Ocean. She later served with distinction in the Korean War.

USS <i>Hewell</i> Cargo ship of the United States Navy

USS Hewell (AG-145/AKL-14) was a Camano-class cargo ship constructed for the U.S. Army as FS-391 shortly before the end of World War II. FS-391 operated with a U.S. Coast Guard crew in the Southwest Pacific area. The ship was acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1948. She was configured as a transport and cargo ship and served with the U.S. Pacific Fleet – including highly decorated service during the Korean War – until decommissioned in 1955.

USS <i>Mark</i> Cargo ship of the United States Navy

USS Mark (AG-143), was built as the Aircraft Repair variant, Design 427, of the Army FS types as FS-214 for use by the United States Army. She was built at Higgins Industries, New Orleans, Louisiana, completed in December 1944. The ship was designed with the well deck covered to provide shop space for the work of repairing aircraft by an embarked Aircraft Maintenance Unit (Floating).

USNS <i>New Bedford</i> Cargo ship of the United States Navy

USNS New Bedford (FS-289/AKL-17) was a Navy owned Military Sea Transportation Service civilian crewed Camano-class cargo ship originally constructed for the U.S. Army as the coastal freighter FS-289 shortly before the end of World War II.

USS <i>Banner</i> (AKL-25)

The USS Banner was originally U.S. Army FS-345 serving in the Southwest Pacific during the closing days of World War II as one of the Army's United States Coast Guard crewed ships. In 1950 the ship was acquired by the Navy and converted into a light auxiliary cargo (AKL). In 1967 the ship was converted for electronic intelligence and reclassified as Auxiliary General Environmental Research (AGER).

<i>Banner</i>-class environmental research ship

The Banner class was a class of three environmental research ships converted from Camano-class cargo ships by the United States Navy during the 1960s. The class comprised three ships: Banner, Pueblo, and Palm Beach. The ships were originally United States Army vessels, which had been built in 1944. Although officially classified as environmental research ships, they were actually used for signals intelligence gathering, as part of the AGER program.

USS Torry (AKL-11) was a Camano-class cargo ship of the United States Navy. During World War II, she previously served as the United States Army Transport FS-394. After being acquired by the United States Navy, the ship was commissioned as USS Torry (AG-140), but was later reclassified as a light cargo ship. On 29 January 1952, she was transferred to the Department of the Interior and was sold to Socony-Mobil in 1961. The ship was successively sold to several companies before becoming a fishing vessel and was scuttled in 2015 off the coast of Delaware as an artificial reef.

USS <i>Brule</i> (AKL-28)

USS Brule (AKL-28) was a U.S. Army Design 381-A Coastal Freighter of the United States Navy and later the South Korean Navy that saw service during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.

References

  1. ↑ "Mister Roberts". Variety . December 31, 1954.
  2. ↑ Mister Roberts at IMDb
  3. ↑ "Mister Roberts (1955)". American Film Institute.
  4. ↑ Mister Roberts (1955) at the TCM Movie Database
  5. ↑ "'Spirit' Soared High $7,000,000 Sez Hayward". Variety. February 27, 1957. p. 5. Retrieved June 10, 2019– via Archive.org.
  6. 1 2 Box Office Information for Mister Roberts. The Numbers. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  7. 1 2 "The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  8. ↑ "Warners Seen Quietly Dropping 3-D As Studio Hops on Scope Wagon". Variety . August 26, 1953. p. 7. Retrieved March 14, 2024– via Internet Archive.
  9. ↑ Warren, Doug; Cagney, James (1986) [1983]. Cagney: The Authorized Biography (Mass Market ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN   0-312-90207-7.
  10. 1 2 Warren, page 191
  11. ↑ Another of the FP/FS conversions was USS Pueblo.
  12. ↑ Levy, Bill (1998). John Ford: A Bio-Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 176. ISBN   0-313-27514-9.
  13. ↑ Navy History & Heritage Command-Ships History Branch. "Hewell". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS). Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  14. ↑ Sea Bird Adventure. "USNS New Bedford the Mister Roberts Ship". Sea Bird Adventure. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  15. ↑ Jackson, Ramon. "Not the USS Hewell (AKL 14) in the movie? Think again". Army FP/FS Vessels. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  16. 1 2 Priolo, Gary P. "Light Cargo Ship (AKL-17)". NavSource Naval History. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  17. ↑ National Air Defense Radar Museum. "The Texas Towers". Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  18. ↑ Jackson, Ramon (November 27, 2007). "Army FP/FS Vessels". Ships and Places. Archived from the original on December 4, 2004. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
  19. ↑ Heckman, Hugh M. (January 1979). "The Story and Memories of the USS VIRGO AKA-20 / AE-30, USS Virgo and Mr. Roberts". Sea Classics. Challenge Publications, Inc. Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  20. ↑ Friberg, Capt. Carl. "A Movie Seastory That Bugged Me (Detailed look at how an AKL was temporarily modified and turned into a movie set)". Views From the Upper Deck. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  21. ↑ 'The Top Box-Office Hits of 1955', Variety Weekly , January 25, 1956.
  22. ↑ "Film: Foreign Actor in 1956". BAFTA Awards. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  23. ↑ "Awards for 1955". National Board of Review of Motion Pictures. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  24. ↑ "Winners: 1995–1949". Writers Guild Awards. Retrieved May 8, 2020.

Bibliography

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