Muellerina eucalyptoides | |
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Muellerina eucalyptoides on Eucalyptus haemastoma , Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, 27 January 2017 | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Santalales |
Family: | Loranthaceae |
Genus: | Muellerina |
Species: | M. eucalyptoides |
Binomial name | |
Muellerina eucalyptoides | |
Occurrence data from AVH | |
Synonyms | |
Muellerina eucalyptoides, commonly known as creeping mistletoe, [2] is a hemiparasitic aerial shrub in the family Loranthaceae. The species is endemic to Australia. [3]
Muellerina is a member of Santalales, the mistletoe order, placed within the family Loranthaceae. The name Muellerina was first published by Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem in 1895, [4] where one New Zealand species, Muellerina raoullii, and two Australian species (Muellerina celastroides and M. eucalyptifolia - now M. eucalyptoides) are given. [5] Further Australian Muellerina species are listed in van Tieghem. [6] Another article by van Tieghem further discussing the relationships of Loranthaceae genera is van Tieghem. [7] Muellerina eucalyptoides was first described as Loranthus eucalyptoides by de Candolle in 1830, [8] and revised in 1962 to Muellerina eucalyptoides by Barlow [9]
M. eucalyptoides is pendulous in habit, unlike other Muellerina species, but has the long epicortical runners of all Muellerina species.
The leaves are opposite with indistinct venation. Mainly flowering in summer, the inflorescence is terminal, racemose with usually 3–4 opposite pairs of triads of flowers, with the central flower sessile, and the lateral flowers having pedicels. Corolla curved in bud, free, 5-merous. Stamens are unequal, with anthers dorsifixed and versatile. The fruit is pear-shaped. [3]
In 2017, as part of an experimental effort to increase biodiversity in Melbourne street trees, over 800 seeds of M. eucalyptoides were attached to London plane ( Platanus × hispanica ) trees in the Melbourne urban area. [10] Researchers have stated that: [11]
Many birds prefer to nest in mistletoe because it provides dense shade and cover - which is important in a setting like Melbourne where many of the large urban trees are deciduous.
M. eucalyptoides was chosen for the experiment because it grows on non-native host species, whereas many other Australian mistletoes are host-specific. [11]
A follow-up survey found 24 live seedlings - a success rate of around 3% that is considered good for propagation of mistletoe. [12]
Muellerina eucalyptoides hosts the butterflies: imperial Jezebel ( Delias harpalyce ), common Jezebel ( Delias nigrina ), dark purple azure ( Ogyris abrota ), Genoveva azure ( Ogyris genoveva ), golden or Sydney azure ( Ogyris ianthis ), mistletoe emperor moth ( Opodiphthera loranthi ) and the mistletoe moth ( Comocrus behri ). [13]
An inventory of host plants for Muellerina eucalyptoides spp. is given by Downey [14] . [15]
Anacardiaceae Schinus areira *
Apocynaceae Nerium oleander *
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina littoralis , Allocasuarina torulosa , Allocasuarina verticillata , Casuarina glauca
Celastraceae Euonymus japonicus *
Cupressaceae Callitris endlicheri
Fabaceae Chamaecytisus palmensis *
Fagaceae Quercus humilis *, Quercus robur *
Loranthaceae Lysiana exocarpi , Muellerina celastroides , Muellerina eucalyptoides
Magnoliaceae Magnolia grandiflora *
Meliaceae Melia azedarach
Mimosaceae Acacia adunca , Acacia baileyana , Acacia binervata , Acacia decurrens , Acacia ferominens , Acacia floribunda , Acacia fulva , Acacia implexa , Acacia linifolia , Acacia mearnsii , Acacia melanoxylon , Acacia paradoxa , Acacia prominens
Myrtaceae Angophora bakeri , Angophora costata , Angophora floribunda , Angophora hispida , Angophora subvelutina , Callistemon lanceolatus , Callistemon viminalis , Corymbia calophylla , Corymbia ficifolia , Corymbia maculata , Eucalyptus acmenoides , Eucalyptus agglomerata , Eucalyptus amplifolia , Eucalyptus andrewsii , Eucalyptus bancroftii , Eucalyptus baueriana , Eucalyptus baxteri , Eucalyptus blakelyi , Eucalyptus bridgesiana , Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Eucalyptus crebra , Eucalyptus cypellocarpa , Eucalyptus dalrympleana , Eucalyptus dealbata , Eucalyptus dwyeri , Eucalyptus eugenioides , Eucalyptus eximia , Eucalyptus globoidea , Eucalyptus goniocalyx , Eucalyptus grandis , Eucalyptus gummifera , Eucalyptus haemastoma , Eucalyptus intermedia , Eucalyptus laevopinea , Eucalyptus longifolia , Eucalyptus mannifera , Eucalyptus melanophloia , Eucalyptus melliodora , Eucalyptus moluccana , Eucalyptus muelleriana , Eucalyptus notabilis , Eucalyptus obliqua , Eucalyptus ovata , Eucalyptus paniculata , Eucalyptus parramattensis , Eucalyptus parvula , Eucalyptus pauciflora , Eucalyptus pilularis , Eucalyptus piperita , Eucalyptus polyanthemos , Eucalyptus prava , Eucalyptus propinqua , Eucalyptus punctata , Eucalyptus racemosa , Eucalyptus radiata , Eucalyptus resinifera , Eucalyptus rossii , Eucalyptus saligna , Eucalyptus scoparia , Eucalyptus siderophloia , Eucalyptus sideroxylon , Eucalyptus sieberi , Eucalyptus sparsifolia , Eucalyptus squamosa , Eucalyptus tereticornis , Eucalyptus umbra , Eucalyptus viminalis , Eucalyptus wardii , Eucalyptus willisii , Kunzea ambigua , Kunzea ericoides , Leptospermum trinervium , Leptospermum laevigatum , Leptospermum polygalifolium , Melaleuca ericifolia , Melaleuca linariifolia , Melaleuca styphelioides
Platanaceae Platanus orientalis *
Rosaceae Crataegus monogyna *, Crataegus oxyacantha *, Photinia serrulata *, Prunus armeniaca *, Prunus avium *, Prunus domestica *, Prunus persica *, Pyrus communis *
Santalaceae Exocarpos cupressiformis
Sterculiaceae Brachychiton populneus
Ulmaceae Ulmus procera *
The greater Brisbane area of Queensland Australia, has many species of indigenous flora. This article links the flora to its geography with:
Tristerix is a genus of mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, native to the Andes, ranging from Colombia and Ecuador to Chile and Argentina. They are woody perennials usually occurring as aerial parasites, are pollinated by hummingbirds and flowerpiercers, with seed-dispersal generally by birds but occasionally by mammals (Dromiciops). The genus is distinguished from other New World Loranthaceae by its simple, terminal, racemose inflorescences, together with its of 4- or 5-merous flowers, versatile anthers, and the presence of endosperm. Further differences include fused cotyledons and the absence of epicortical roots.
Angophora hispida grows as a mallee, or as a tree to about 7 m (25 ft) in height. A. hispida's small size, especially when compared to its Angophora and Eucalyptus relatives, leads to it being known by the common name dwarf apple. It is native to a relatively small patch of central New South Wales – from just south of Sydney up to the Gosford area. The plant's leaves are sessile (stalk-less) and hug the stem with heart-shaped bases. Its previous name – A. cordifolia – referred to these cordate leaves. Another distinctive feature is the red bristly hairs that cover the branchlets, flower bases and new growth. This leads to the specific epithet hispida.
Amyema miquelii, also known as box mistletoe, is a species of flowering plant, an epiphytic hemiparasitic plant of the family Loranthaceae, found attached to several species of Australian eucalypt and occasionally on some species of Acacia. It is the most widespread of the Australian Mistletoes, occurring mainly to the west of the Great Dividing Range. It has shiny leaves and red flowers arranged in groups of 3. It is distinguished from the similar Amyema pendula through the individual stalks of the flowers.
Angophora floribunda, commonly known as the rough-barked apple, is a common woodland and forest tree of the family Myrtaceae native to Eastern Australia. Reaching 30 m (100 ft) high, it is a large tree with fibrous bark and cream-white flowers that appear over the Austral summer. It grows on alluvial soils on floodplains and along watercourses. Much of the land it grew on has been cleared for agriculture.
Amyema quandang is a species of hemi-parasitic shrub which is widespread throughout the mainland of Australia, especially arid inland regions, sometimes referred to as the grey mistletoe.
Dendrophthoe vitellina, commonly known as long-flowered- or apostle mistletoe, is a hemiparasitic plant of the mistletoe family Loranthaceae. The genus Dendrophthoe comprises about 31 species spread across tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia. Despite being collected by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander in 1788, and depicted in Banks' Florilegium, it was not until 1860 that it was described by Ferdinand von Mueller as Loranthus vitellinus after being collected near Ipswich, and renamed by Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem in 1895.
Amyema congener, commonly known as the variable mistletoe, is a species of flowering plant, an epiphytic hemiparasitic plant of the family Loranthaceae from eastern Australia. It is found on members of the genera Allocasuarina, Acacia and some exotic species.
Melaleuca nodosa, commonly known as the prickly-leaved paperbark, is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with narrow, sometimes needle-like leaves and profuse heads of yellow flowers as early as April or as late as January.
Amyema pendula, also known as drooping mistletoe or furry drooping mistletoe, is a species of flowering plant, an epiphytic hemiparasitic plant of the family Loranthaceae, found attached to several species of Australian eucalypt and occasionally on some species of Acacia. It is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is the most common mistletoe in Victoria, especially on the coastal side of the Great Dividing Range. It has shiny leaves and red flowers arranged in groups of 3 or 4. It is distinguished from the similar Amyema miquelii through the lack of individual stalks on the flowers.
Lysiana exocarpi, commonly known as harlequin mistletoe, is a species of hemiparasitic shrub, endemic to Australia. It is in the Gondwanan family Loranthaceae and is probably the most derived genus of that family with 12 pairs of chromosomes. The Loranthaceae is the most diverse family in the mistletoe group with over 900 species worldwide and including the best known species in Australia. Mistletoes are notable for their relationships with other species. In an early reference to the group in Australia Allan Cunningham explorer and first Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, wrote in 1817: "The Bastard Box is frequently much encumbered with the twining adhering Loranthus aurantiacus which 'Scorning the soil, aloft she springs, Shakes her red plumes and claps her golden wings'."
Muellerina is a genus of parasitic aerial shrubs in the family Loranthaceae.
Amyema bifurcata is an epiphytic, flowering, hemiparasitic plant of the family Loranthaceae native to Australia and found in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales.
Amyema sanguinea is an aerial hemiparasitic shrub within the genus Amyema, in the family Loranthaceae and native to Australia, where it is found in New South Wales, Queensland, the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia.
Amyema melaleucae, also known as the tea-tree mistletoe, is a species of flowering plant within the genus Amyema, an epiphytic hemiparasitic plant of the family Loranthaceae native to Australia and found in Western Australia and South Australia on the coast, from north of Perth almost to the Victorian border.
Muellerina celastroides, common names Banksia mistletoe and coast mistletoe, is a hemiparasitic aerial shrub in the family Loranthaceae. The species is endemic to New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland.
Amylotheca is a genus of hemi-parasitic aerial shrubs in the family Loranthaceae, found in Borneo, Malaysia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Australia, Sumatra, Thailand, Vanuatu, and Philippines
Korthalsella rubra is a flowering plant in the Santalaceae (sandalwood) family, formerly placed in the Viscaceae.
The Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub, which also incorporates Sydney Coastal Heaths, is a remnant sclerophyll scrubland and heathland that is found in the eastern and southern regions of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 as and endangered vegetation community and as 'critically endangered' under the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016, the Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub is found on ancient, nutrient poor sands either on dunes or on promontories. Sydney coastal heaths are a scrubby heathland found on exposed coastal sandstone plateau in the south.
The River-flat eucalypt forest or Coastal floodplain eucalypt forest is a critically endangered threatened ecological community that is primarily found in southeastern Australia, from southeastern Queensland, through New South Wales, to eastern Victoria, on alluvial soils of the coastal floodplains.