NGC 7678

Last updated
NGC 7678
A peculiar sight (51071251783).jpg
NGC 7678 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Pegasus
Right ascension 23h 28m 27.8834s [1]
Declination +22° 25′ 16.336″ [1]
Redshift 0.011638 ± 0.000005 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 3,489 ± 1 km/s [1]
Distance 132 ± 34.9 Mly (40.38 ± 10.69 Mpc) [1]
Group or cluster NGC 7678 Group (LGG 474)
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.8 [2]
Characteristics
Type SAB(rs)c [1]
Size~106,300  ly (32.59  kpc) (estimated) [1]
Apparent size  (V)2.17′ × 1.67′ [1]
Notable featuresStarburst galaxy
Other designations
IRAS 23259+2208, Arp 28, UGC 12614, MCG +04-55-017, PGC 71534, CGCG 476-045, VV 359 [1]

NGC 7678 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Pegasus. It is located at a distance of about 130 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7678 is about 95,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 15, 1784. [3]

Contents

Characteristics

NGC 7678 is a grand design spiral galaxy with two arms, from which the south arm is more prominent, and as a result the galaxy is asymmetrical. It was initially considered to that the asymmetry was the caused by a different galaxy interacting with NGC 7678 but further observations reveal that this is not the case. [4] The galaxy is featured in Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as number 28, in the category "One heavy arm". [5]

The galaxy has a small nucleus and a weak bar. [4] The galaxy had been identified based on the spectral emission as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy, [6] but the ratio of [NII]λ 6583/H-alpha indicates it is an HII region or a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region, [4] with the HII region classification being supported by the λ6584/Hα and λ5007/Hβ ratios. [7]

Many large HII regions are visible at the southern arm. [4] Ten giant HII regions have been detected in NGC 7678, with the largest having a mass of 107  M☉ . These regions are places of active star formation and contain star clusters. [8] The largest HII region in the southern arm could be the relic of a satellite galaxy that merged with NGC 7678 and caused the starburst activity. [4] The total star formation rate of the galaxy is estimated to be 3.8 M☉ per year based on corrected Paα emission or 7.4 M☉ per year based on infrared emission. [9]

Nearby galaxies

NGC 7678 is an isolated galaxy in the kiloparsec scale. [10] A. M. Garcia listed the galaxy as the namesake of the NGC 7678 galaxy group (also known as LGG 474). Other members of the group include NGC 7673, NGC 7677, and NGC 7664. [11]

Supernovae

Four supernovae have been observed in NGC 7678: [12]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7742</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pegasus

NGC 7742 also known as Fried Egg Galaxy is a face-on unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Pegasus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1292 ± 26 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 62.2 ± 4.5 Mly (19.06 ± 1.39 Mpc). In addition, six non-redshift measurements give a farther distance of 84.09 ± 26.51 Mly (25.783 ± 8.129 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 18 Oct 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 61</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

Messier 61 is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy in the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. It was first discovered by Barnaba Oriani on May 5, 1779, six days before Charles Messier discovered the same galaxy. Messier had observed it on the same night as Oriani but had mistaken it for a comet. Its distance has been estimated to be 45.61 million light years from the Milky Way Galaxy. It is a member of the M61 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 108</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

Messier 108 is a barred spiral galaxy about 46 million light-years away from Earth in the northern constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 or 1782. From the Earth, this galaxy is seen almost edge-on.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3184</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3184, the Little Pinwheel Galaxy, is a spiral galaxy approximately 40 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. Its name comes from its resemblance to the Pinwheel Galaxy. It was discovered on 18 March 1787 by German-British astronomer William Herschel. It has two HII regions named NGC 3180 and NGC 3181.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4945</span> Galaxy in the constellation Centaurus

NGC 4945 (also known as Caldwell 83) is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Centaurus, visible near the star Xi Centauri. The galaxy was discovered by James Dunlop in 1826 and is thought to be similar to the Milky Way Galaxy, although X-ray observations show that NGC 4945 has an unusual energetic Seyfert 2 nucleus that might house a supermassive black hole. Around the nucleus of the galaxy, there is a dense disk of dust and gas, along with many dense star clusters. This object has an estimated mass of 1.4+1.4
−0.7×1011 M☉.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5033</span> Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 5033 is an inclined spiral galaxy located in the constellation Canes Venatici. Distance estimates vary from between 38 and 60 million light years from the Milky Way. The galaxy has a very bright nucleus and a relatively faint disk. Significant warping is visible in the southern half of the disk. The galaxy's relatively large angular size and relatively high surface brightness make it an object that can be viewed and imaged by amateur astronomers. The galaxy's location relatively near Earth and its active galactic nucleus make it a commonly studied object for professional astronomers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1566</span> Galaxy in the constellation Dorado

NGC 1566, sometimes known as the Spanish Dancer, is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Dorado, positioned about 3.5° to the south of the star Gamma Doradus. It was discovered on May 28, 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop. At 10th magnitude, it requires a telescope to view. The distance to this galaxy remains elusive, with measurements ranging from 6 Mpc up to 21 Mpc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4639</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4639 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on 12 April 1784. John L. E. Dreyer described it as "pretty bright, small, extended, mottled but not resolved, 12th magnitude star 1 arcmin to southeast". This is a relatively nearby galaxy, lying approximately 72 million light-years away from the Milky Way. It is a companion to NGC 4654, and the two appear to have interacted roughly 500 million years ago. NGC 4639 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4051</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 4051 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major. It was discovered on 6 February 1788 by John Herschel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2770</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Lynx

NGC 2770 is a spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Lynx, near the northern constellation border with Cancer. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on December 7, 1785. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "faint, large, much extended 150°, mottled but not resolved, 2 stars to north". NGC 2770 was the target for the first binocular image produced by the Large Binocular Telescope.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3938</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3938 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the Ursa Major constellation. It was discovered on 6 February 1788 by William Herschel. It is one of the brightest spiral galaxies in the Ursa Major South galaxy group and is roughly 67,000 light years in diameter. It is approximately 43 million light years away from Earth. NGC 3938 is classified as type Sc under the Hubble sequence, a loosely wound spiral galaxy with a smaller and dimmer bulge. The spiral arms of the galaxy contain many areas of ionized atomic hydrogen gas, more so towards the center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2748</span> Galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis

NGC 2748 is a spiral galaxy in the northern circumpolar constellation of Camelopardalis, located at a distance of 61.3 megalight-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered September 2, 1828 by John Herschel. The morphological classification of SAbc indicates this is an unbarred spiral with moderate to loosely-wound spiral arms. It is a disk-like peculiar galaxy with a stellar shell that is rotating about the main galactic axis. This shell was most likely formed through the capture and disruption of a dwarf companion. The galactic nucleus likely contains a supermassive black hole with a mass of 4.4+3.5
−3.6×107 M☉, or 44 million times the mass of the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7552</span> Galaxy in the constellation Grus

NGC 7552 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Grus. It is at a distance of roughly 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7552 is about 75,000 light years across. It forms with three other spiral galaxies the Grus Quartet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4699</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4699 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is located at a distance of about 65 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4699 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1786. It is a member of the NGC 4699 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3941</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3941 is a barred lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 40 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3941 is about 40,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1787.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3631</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3631 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of about 35 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3631 is about 60,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 14, 1789. It is a grand design spiral galaxy seen face on.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3147</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 3147 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located at a distance of about 130 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3147 is about 140,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 3, 1785.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 536</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 536 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It is located at a distance of circa 200 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 536 is about 180,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 13, 1784. It is a member of Hickson Compact Group 10, which also includes the galaxies NGC 529, NGC 531, and NGC 542. It belongs to the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3367</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3367 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is located at a distance of about 120 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3367 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 19, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6907</span> Galaxy in the constellation Capricornus

NGC 6907 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Capricornus. It is located at a distance of about 120 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 6907 is about 115,000 light-years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on July 12, 1784. The total infrared luminosity of the galaxy is 1011.03 L☉, and thus it is categorised as a luminous infrared galaxy.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 7678. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
  2. ↑ "Revised NGC Data for NGC 7678". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  3. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 7678 (= Arp 28)". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Ann, Hong-Bae; Kim, Jeong-Mi (1 October 1996). "Photometry and Spectroscopy of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 7678". Journal of Korean Astronomical Society. 29 (2): 255–268. Bibcode:1996JKAS...29..255A. ISSN   1225-4614.
  5. ↑ "HubbleSite: A Peculiar Sight". hubblesite.org. March 22, 2021.
  6. ↑ Kazarian, M. A. (1 January 1993). "Spectrophotometric investigation of two Seyfert galaxies". Astrofizika. 36: 353–361. Bibcode:1993Afz....36..353K.
  7. ↑ Gonçalves, A. C.; Véron, P.; Véron-Cetty, M.-P. (January 1998). "Miscellaneous observations of active galactic nuclei. II". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 127 (2): 107–115. arXiv: astro-ph/9705034 . Bibcode:1998A&AS..127..107G. doi: 10.1051/aas:1998336 . S2CID   55269918.
  8. ↑ Gusev, A. S.; Sakhibov, F.; Piskunov, A. E.; Kharchenko, N. V.; Bruevich, V. V.; Ezhkova, O. V.; Guslyakova, S. A.; Lang, V.; Shimanovskaya, E. V.; Efremov, Y. N. (11 April 2016). "A spectral and photometric study of 102 star-forming regions in seven spiral galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 457 (3): 3334–3355. arXiv: 1601.07470 . doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw212 .
  9. ↑ Tateuchi, Ken; Konishi, Masahiro; Motohara, Kentaro; Takahashi, Hidenori; Kato, Natsuko Mitani; Kitagawa, Yutaro; Todo, Soya; Toshikawa, Koji; Sako, Shigeyuki; Uchimoto, Yuka K.; Ohsawa, Ryou; Asano, Kentaro; Ita, Yoshifusa; Kamizuka, Takafumi; Komugi, Shinya; Koshida, Shintaro; Manabe, Sho; Nakamura, Tomohiko; Nakashima, Asami; Okada, Kazushi; Takagi, Toshinobu; Tanabé, Toshihiko; Uchiyama, Mizuho; Aoki, Tsutomu; Doi, Mamoru; Handa, Toshihiro; Kawara, Kimiaki; Kohno, Kotaro; Minezaki, Takeo; Miyata, Takashi; Morokuma, Tomoki; Soyano, Takeo; Tamura, Yoichi; Tanaka, Masuo; Tarusawa, Ken'ichi; Yoshii, Yuzuru (26 February 2015). "GROUND-BASED Paα NARROW-BAND IMAGING OF LOCAL LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES. I. STAR FORMATION RATES AND SURFACE DENSITIES". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 217 (1): 1. arXiv: 1412.3899 . Bibcode:2015ApJS..217....1T. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/217/1/1. S2CID   119278582.
  10. ↑ Koulouridis, Elias; Chavushyan, Vahram; Plionis, Manolis; Krongold, Yair; Dultzin-Hacyan, Deborah (November 2006). "A Three-dimensional Study of the Local Environment of Bright IRAS Galaxies: The Active Galactic Nucleus–Starburst Connection". The Astrophysical Journal. 651 (1): 93–100. arXiv: astro-ph/0606365 . Bibcode:2006ApJ...651...93K. doi:10.1086/507070. S2CID   15469642.
  11. ↑ Garcia, A. M. (1 July 1993). "General study of group membership. II. Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G. ISSN   0365-0138.
  12. ↑ "Bright Supernova pages - Most prolific galaxies". www.rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  13. ↑ Esamdin, A.; Bao Supernova Survey (1997). "SUPERNOVA 1997dc IN NGC 7678". International Astronomical Union Circular (6715): 1. Bibcode:1997IAUC.6715....1E.
  14. ↑ "SN 1997dc". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  15. ↑ Klotz, A.; Li, W. (2002). "Supernova 2002dp in NGC 7678". International Astronomical Union Circular (7924): 1. Bibcode:2002IAUC.7924....1K.
  16. ↑ "SN 2002dp". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  17. ↑ Nakano, S.; Itagaki, K.; Kryachko, T. (2009). "Supernova 2009ga in NGC 7678". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (1839): 1. Bibcode:2009CBET.1839....1N.
  18. ↑ "SN 2009ga". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  19. ↑ "SN 2021qvr". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 18 August 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.