NGC 1 | |
---|---|
Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
Constellation | Pegasus |
Right ascension | 00h 07m 15.84s [1] |
Declination | +27° 42′ 29.1″ [1] |
Redshift | 0.015177 ± 0.000002 [1] |
Heliocentric radial velocity | 4550 ± 1 km/s [1] |
Galactocentric velocity | 4723 ± 7 km/s [1] |
Distance | 211 ± 14 Mly (64.7 ± 4.5 Mpc) [2] |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 13.65 [1] |
Apparent magnitude (B) | 13.6 [3] |
Absolute magnitude (V) | -22.08 [1] |
Characteristics | |
Type | SABbc [1] |
Apparent size (V) | 1.6' × 1.2', [1] |
Other designations | |
UGC 57, PGC 564, Holm 2A, MCG+04-01-025. [1] |
NGC 1 is an intermediate spiral galaxy of the morphological type Sbc, [1] located in the constellation of Pegasus. It was discovered on 30 September 1861 by Heinrich d'Arrest. [4]
NGC 1 was first observed by Heinrich d'Arrest in 1860 while testing the 11-inch refractor telescope of the Copenhagen Observatory. He described his discovery as "faint, small, round, between 11th and 14th magnitude stars" (to the north and south). [4] Herman Schultz also observed NGC 1 three times in 1866 and 1868 using a 9.6 inch refractor telescope at Upsala. [5]
The initial observers missed NGC 2, which is much fainter. NGC 1 appears to be quite close to NGC 2, in reality however, the two objects are far apart and unrelated. NGC 2 was first observed as a "companion" of NGC 1 by Lawrence Parsons. [4]
At an estimated 140,000 light-years in diameter, [4] NGC 1 is roughly the same size as our galaxy, the Milky Way, which is believed to be approximately 160,000 light-years across. [6] Although it's apparent magnitude of 13.65 lets the galaxy appear too faint to see it in the sky with the naked eye, it's absolute magnitude of -22.08 makes NGC 1 two to three times more luminous than our home galaxy. The galaxy is 4.0 Mly away from the 80,000 light-years wide galaxy UGC 69, its nearest major neighbor.
NGC 1 has a visual size of 1.6' × 1.2'. [1] Being classified as a SABbc class galaxy using the Hubble sequence and the De Vaucouleurs system as an extension, NGC 1 is a spiral galaxy with the presence of a weak nuclear bar and loosely wound arms. [7] Although the central galaxy is only about 90,000 light-years across, a large, diffuse arm extends eastwards from it, possibly from a past merger.
Based on its redshift of approximately 0.015177 and thus recessional velocity of 4450 km/s, [1] the distance of the galaxy from the Solar System can be calculated using Hubble's Law. Using current observation data, this places the galaxy at approximately 210 to 215 million light-years from Earth, which is in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 175 to 245 million light years. An opposing measurement of the galaxy's recessional velocity of 2215 km/s would place the galaxy only about 100 million light-years away. However, this is regarded unlikely by most astronomers and believed to be a misattributed value for a different galaxy. [4]
After being logged as the first object in the General Catalogue, the galaxy is also the first object to be listed in the catalogue's successor, the New General Catalogue. [1] With an original right ascension of 00h 00m 4s at the time of the catalog's compilation (epoch 1860), this object had the lowest right ascension of all the objects in the catalog, making it the first listing in the New General Catalogue as the objects were arranged by right ascension. [8] Since then, the coordinates have shifted, and this object no longer has the lowest right ascension of all the NGC objects. [9]
NGC 1 is also listed in the Uppsala General Catalogue (UGC 57) and in the Principal Galaxies Catalogue (PGC 564). [1]
The Pinwheel Galaxy is a face-on spiral galaxy 21 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 and was communicated that year to Charles Messier, who verified its position for inclusion in the Messier Catalogue as one of its final entries.
Messier 91 is a barred spiral galaxy that is found in the south of Coma Berenices. It is in the local supercluster and is part of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. It is about 63 million light-years away from our galaxy. It was the last of a group of eight "nebulae" – the term 'galaxy' only coming into use for these objects once it was realized in the 20th century that they were extragalactic – discovered by Charles Messier in 1781. It is the faintest object in the Messier catalog, with an apparent magnitude of 10.2.
NGC 2 is an intermediate spiral galaxy with the morphological type of Sab, located in the constellation of Pegasus. NGC 2 was discovered by Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse on 20 August 1873."
NGC 3 is a lenticular galaxy with the morphological type of S0, located in the constellation of Pisces. Other sources classify NGC 3 as a barred spiral galaxy as a type of SBa. It was discovered on November 29, 1864, by Albert Marth.
NGC 4889 is an E4 supergiant elliptical galaxy. It was discovered in 1785 by the British astronomer Frederick William Herschel I, who catalogued it as a bright, nebulous patch. The brightest galaxy within the northern Coma Cluster, it is located at a median distance of 94 million parsecs from Earth. At the core of the galaxy is a supermassive black hole that heats the intracluster medium through the action of friction from infalling gases and dust. The gamma ray bursts from the galaxy extend out to several million light years of the cluster.
NGC 174 is a barred spiral or lenticular galaxy around 159 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered on 27 September 1834 by astronomer John Herschel.
NGC 276 is a barred spiral galaxy located approximately 626 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered in 1886 by Frank Muller and was later also observed by DeLisle Stewart.
NGC 495, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5037, UGC 920 or GC 278, is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Pisces. It is located approximately 184 million light-years from the Solar System and was discovered on 12 September 1784 by astronomer William Herschel.
NGC 806 is a spiral galaxy approximately 166 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered by American astronomer Lewis A. Swift on November 1, 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory.
NGC 504, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5084 or UGC 935, is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 189 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on 22 November 1827 by astronomer John Herschel. The object was listed twice in the General Catalogue, precursor of the New General Catalogue, as both GC 291 and GC 292.
NGC 511, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5103 or UGC 936, is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Pisces. It is located approximately 499 million light-years from the Solar System and was discovered on 26 October 1876 by French astronomer Édouard Stephan.
NGC 512, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5132 or UGC 944, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Andromeda. It is located approximately 217 million light-years from the Solar System and was discovered on 17 November 1827 by astronomer John Herschel.
NGC 513, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5174 or UGC 953, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Andromeda. It is located approximately 262 million light-years from the Solar System and was discovered on 13 September 1784 by astronomer William Herschel.
NGC 515, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5201 or UGC 956, is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 228 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on 13 September 1784 by astronomer William Herschel.
NGC 517, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5214 or UGC 960, is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 188 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on 13 September 1784 by astronomer William Herschel.
NGC 519, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5182, is an elliptical galaxy located approximately 242 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on 20 November 1886 by astronomer Lewis Swift.
NGC 521, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5190 or UGC 962, is a barred spiral galaxy located approximately 224 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on 8 October 1785 by astronomer William Herschel.
NGC 522, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5218 or UGC 970, is a spiral galaxy located approximately 122 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on 25 September 1862 by astronomer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest.
NGC 525, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5232 or UGC 972, is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 95.6 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on 25 September 1862 by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest.
NGC 527, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5128 or PGC 5141, is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 259 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered on 1 September 1834 by astronomer John Herschel.