This article lists the National Liberal Party's election results in UK parliamentary elections.
Year | Number of Candidates | Total votes | Average votes per candidate | % UK vote | Change (percentage points) | Saved deposits | Number of MPs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1931 | 41 | 809,302 | 19,739 | 3.7 | N/A | 41 | 35 |
1935 | 44 | 784,608 | 17,832 | 3.7 | N/A | 44 | 33 |
1945 | 49 | 686,652 | 14,013 | 2.8 | -0.9 | 49 | 11 |
1950 | 55 | 985,343 | 17,915 | 3.4 | +0.6 | 55 | 16 |
1951 | 55 | 1,058,138 | 19,239 | 3.7 | +0.3 | 55 | 19 |
1955 | 45 | 842,133 | 18,714 | 3.1 | -0.6 | 45 | 21 |
1959 | 39 | 765,794 | 19,636 | 2.7 | -0.4 | 39 | 20 |
1964 | 19 | 326,130 | 17,165 | 1.2 | -1.5 | 19 | 6 |
1966 | 9 | 149,779 | 16,642 | 0.5 | -0.7 | 9 | 3 |
Source: F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts, 1885–1975, p.55
Barrie won in Southampton by taking second place in a two-seat constituency.
By-election | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [1] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Montrose Burghs by-election, 1932 | Charles Kerr | 7,963 | 46.9 | 1 |
East Fife by-election, 1933 | James Henderson-Stewart | 15,770 | 52.2 | 1 |
Dumfriesshire by-election, 1935 | Henry Fildes | 16,271 | 60.3 | 1 |
Morrison in Combined Scottish Universities, Dodd in Oldham and Barrie in Southampton won seats by taking second place in a two seat constituency.
By-election | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [1] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Greenock by-election, 1936 | Vivian Emery Cornelius | 17,990 | 46.6 | 2 |
Holland with Boston by-election, 1937 | Herbert Butcher | 21,846 | 60.0 | 1 |
St Ives by-election, 1937 | Alec Beechman | 13,044 | 50.4 | 1 |
Pontypridd by-election, 1938 | Juliet Rhys-Williams | 14,810 | 40.1 | 2 |
Barnsley by-election, 1938 | Seymour Howard | 13,052 | 35.6 | 2 |
Walsall by-election, 1938 | George Ernest Schuster | 28,720 | 57.1 | 1 |
East Norfolk by-election, 1939 | Frank Medlicott | 18,257 | 62.9 | 1 |
Southwark North by-election, 1939 | Alfred Henderson-Livesey | 4,322 | 42.6 | 2 |
Montrose Burghs by-election, 1940 | John Maclay | unopposed | N/A | 1 |
Spen Valley by-election, 1940 | William Woolley | unopposed | N/A | 1 |
Eddisbury by-election, 1943 | Thomas Peacock | 7,537 | 41.0 | 2 |
Constituency | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [1] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barnsley | Richard John Soper | 11,382 | 27.1 | 2 |
Bermondsey West | Bernard Pemberton | 2,238 | 19.8 | 2 |
Bishop Auckland | William John Wilson Tiley | 11,240 | 35.9 | 2 |
Bosworth | James Millard Tucker | 20,854 | 44.4 | 2 |
Bradford South | Herbert Walker Peel | 15,392 | 33.1 | 2 |
Bristol North | John Henshaw Britton | 16,648 | 42.2 | 2 |
Burnley | Herbert Monckton Milnes | 9,877 | 29.8 | 2 |
Burslem | Frederic Bennett | 15,227 | 45.8 | 2 |
Consett | James Aloysius McGilley | 12,198 | 29.9 | 2 |
Denbigh | Henry Morris-Jones | 17,023 | 41.7 | 1 |
Dewsbury | Ernest Kilner | 8,674 | 29.9 | 2 |
Dumfriesshire | Niall Macpherson | 16,465 | 47.4 | 1 |
Dunfermline Burghs | James Henderson | 12,028 | 35.3 | 2 |
Durham | John Bunyan | 12,331 | 33.8 | 2 |
East Fife | James Henderson-Stewart | 24,765 | 69.4 | 1 |
East Norfolk | Frank Medlicott | 23,307 | 55.8 | 1 |
Eddisbury | John Barlow | 15,294 | 57.7 | 1 |
Gateshead | Thomas Magnay | 17,719 | 32.5 | 2 |
Gower | John Aeron-Thomas | 14,115 | 31.5 | 2 |
Great Yarmouth | Percy Jewson | 7,974 | 44.2 | 2 |
Hackney South | Stanley Price | 4,901 | 24.2 | 2 |
Harwich | Stanley Holmes | 16,452 | 55.7 | 1 |
Holland with Boston | Herbert Butcher | 26,939 | 55.9 | 1 |
Huddersfield | William Mabane | 24,496 | 35.5 | 2 |
Huntingdonshire | David Renton | 15,389 | 50.1 | 1 |
Inverness | Murdoch Macdonald | 12,090 | 43.3 | 1 |
Jarrow | Stanley Holmes | 11,649 | 34.0 | 3 |
Lambeth North | Eric William Bales | 2,624 | 20.1 | 2 |
Leith | Ernest Brown | 10,116 | 31.4 | 2 |
Luton | Bruno Brown | 31,914 | 44.8 | 2 |
Manchester Clayton | Phillip Smith | 9,883 | 30.6 | 2 |
Montrose Burghs | John Maclay | 13,966 | 58.2 | 1 |
Neath | David Bowen | 8,466 | 16.9 | 2 |
Newcastle-upon-Tyne East | Richard O'Sullivan | 11,774 | 31.1 | 2 |
Norwich | Geoffrey Shakespeare | 25,945 | 23.0 | 3 |
Oldham | John Samuel Dodd | 24,199 | 18.2 | 4 |
Rotherham | E. H. Phillips | 12,420 | 25.8 | 2 |
St Ives | Alec Beechman | 14,256 | 47.3 | 1 |
Sheffield Hillsborough | Robert Hampden Hobart | 14,404 | 36.6 | 2 |
Shoreditch | Frederick Boult | 4,081 | 26.0 | 2 |
Southampton | William Stanley Russell Thomas | 22,650 | 17.4 | 4 |
South Molton | George Lambert | 19,065 | 67.6 | 1 |
South Shields | Donald Maurice Parry | 15,296 | 40.6 | 2 |
Southwark North | Edward Terrell | 2,673 | 31.0 | 2 |
Spen Valley | William Woolley | 19,621 | 43.3 | 2 |
Sunderland | Stephen Noel Furness | 29,366 | 21.3 | 3 |
Swansea East | Rowe Harding | 6,102 | 24.2 | 2 |
Swansea West | Lewis Jones | 13,089 | 42.0 | 2 |
Walsall | George Ernest Schuster | 24,197 | 46.1 | 2 |
West Fife | Robert Scott Stevenson | 8,597 | 20.6 | 3 |
Wrexham | David Leslie Milne | 13,714 | 28.6 | 2 |
By-election | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [1] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Combined Scottish Universities by-election, 1946 | Robert Scott Stevenson | 1,938 | 5.9 | 5 |
Edinburgh East by-election, 1947 | D. Mathews | 11,490 | 34.4 | 2 |
Bradford South by-election, 1949 | John Lightfoot Windle | 19,313 | 42.4 | 2 |
Constituency | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aberavon | Auberon Herbert | 8,091 | 19.0 | 2 |
Barnsley | Charles Gordon-Spencer | 8,480 | 13.8 | 3 |
Bradford Central | Thomas Boyce | 13,375 | 31.6 | 2 |
Bradford East | Geoffrey Francis Greenbank | 12,527 | 27.0 | 2 |
Bradford North | William Taylor | 20,628 | 45.7 | 1 |
Bradford South | John Lightfoot Windle | 15,998 | 35.6 | 2 |
Brighouse and Spenborough | William Woolley | 23,456 | 47.8 | 2 |
Bristol North East | Violet Bathurst | 16,082 | 38.9 | 2 |
Cannock | Marjorie Hicking | 15,818 | 32.1 | 2 |
Central Norfolk | Frank Medlicott | 20,407 | 51.3 | 1 |
Chesterfield | Andrew Cavendish | 17,231 | 30.9 | 2 |
Dearne Valley | Aymée Lavender Dower | 10,365 | 20.4 | 2 |
Denbigh | Emlyn Garner Evans | 17,473 | 38.9 | 1 |
Dumfries | Niall Macpherson | 26,268 | 59.3 | 1 |
Dundee East | James Henderson | 22,863 | 46.2 | 2 |
Dundee West | Henry Scrymgeour-Wedderburn | 23,685 | 44.6 | 2 |
Dunfermline Burghs | James Stuart Kerr | 14,967 | 38.8 | 2 |
East Fife | James Henderson-Stewart | 25,749 | 63.7 | 1 |
Edinburgh Leith | Eoin Cameron Mekie | 15,841 | 43.0 | 2 |
Gateshead East | Douglas Clift | 13,530 | 40.1 | 2 |
Gateshead West | John Magnay | 11,660 | 35.8 | 2 |
Gloucester | Anthony Kershaw | 15,708 | 37.1 | 2 |
Gower | Rowe Harding | 10,208 | 23.9 | 2 |
Harwich | Stanley Holmes | 22,814 | 50.6 | 1 |
Hemsworth | Jean Patricia Asquith | 10,254 | 17.6 | 2 |
Holland with Boston | Herbert Butcher | 30,336 | 53.9 | 1 |
Huntingdonshire | David Renton | 18,551 | 51.4 | 1 |
Lincoln | Francis Hill | 17,784 | 41.3 | 2 |
Luton | Charles Hill | 22,946 | 46.6 | 1 |
Motherwell | A. D. Robertson | 14,183 | 34.0 | 2 |
Normanton | Thomas Heseltine | 10,929 | 25.5 | 2 |
North Angus and Mearns | Colin Thornton-Kemsley | 15,485 | 51.5 | 1 |
North Norfolk | Douglas Reid | 17,741 | 43.0 | 2 |
Pembrokeshire | Gwilym Lloyd-George | 25,421 | 49.9 | 2 |
Plymouth Devonport | Randolph Churchill | 27,329 | 44.9 | 2 |
Pontefract | Maurice Grant | 11,431 | 24.4 | 2 |
Ross and Cromarty | John MacLeod | 10,912 | 62.6 | 1 |
St Ives | Greville Howard | 16,653 | 46.0 | 1 |
Sheffield Attercliffe | Lionel Farris | 12,185 | 28.4 | 2 |
Sheffield Brightside | H. S. V. Smith | 13,136 | 28.1 | 2 |
Sheffield Hallam | Roland Jennings | 28,159 | 65.1 | 1 |
Sheffield Heeley | Peter Roberts | 26,560 | 56.3 | 1 |
Sheffield Hillsborough | Knowles Edge | 19,613 | 39.8 | 2 |
Sheffield Neepsend | A. M. Cook | 11,311 | 27.2 | 2 |
Sheffield Park | Harold Pryce | 13,678 | 30.3 | 2 |
South Angus | James Duncan | 19,324 | 53.9 | 1 |
Southampton Itchen | Robert Hampton Hobart | 24,536 | 44.1 | 2 |
Southampton Test | P. Brembridge | 23,663 | 45.2 | 2 |
South Bedfordshire | William Fearnley-Whittingstall | 18,546 | 41.8 | 2 |
Swansea West | Lewis Jones | 22,608 | 46.3 | 2 |
Torrington | George Lambert | 19,128 | 51.1 | 1 |
Walsall | John Barlow | 28,700 | 44.0 | 2 |
West Fife | Patrick William Neill Fraser | 10,131 | 23.6 | 2 |
West Renfrewshire | John Maclay | 20,810 | 53.9 | 1 |
Wrexham | Willoughby Gervase Cooper | 14,117 | 25.5 | 2 |
Richard Nugent is not listed; he was elected as a Conservative, but joined the National Liberal group in Parliament. [3]
Election | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sheffield Neepsend by-election, 1950 | John Philip Hunt | 8,365 | 26.8 | 2 |
Brighouse and Spenborough by-election, 1950 | William Woolley | 23,567 | 49.5 | 2 |
Constituency | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barnsley | Geoffrey Whitaker | 9,296 | 17.3 | 2 |
Bradford Central | Arthur Tiley | 16,343 | 39.3 | 2 |
Bradford East | Frederick William Howard Cook | 16,999 | 37.1 | 2 |
Bradford North | William Taylor | 24,524 | 54.3 | 1 |
Bradford South | Geoffrey Francis Greenbank | 17,863 | 39.4 | 2 |
Brighouse and Spenborough | William Woolley | 23,828 | 47.7 | 2 |
Bristol North East | George Nixon-Eckersall | 19,410 | 47.0 | 2 |
Cannock | Alan Farrington | 16,041 | 33.1 | 2 |
Central Norfolk | Frank Medlicott | 21,909 | 55.9 | 1 |
Chesterfield | John Nash | 19,776 | 36.3 | 2 |
Denbigh | Emlyn Garner Evans | 20,269 | 45.7 | 1 |
Dewsbury | James Ramsden | 19,562 | 36.4 | 2 |
Dumfries | Niall Macpherson | 26,386 | 61.3 | 1 |
Dundee East | Janet Sutherland Murray | 22,863 | 46.2 | 2 |
Dunfermline Burghs | James Stuart Kerr | 15,657 | 38.9 | 2 |
East Fife | James Henderson-Stewart | 28,446 | 70.6 | 1 |
Edinburgh Leith | Eoin Cameron Mekie | 19,236 | 49.9 | 2 |
Gateshead East | Douglas Clift | 14,344 | 42.4 | 2 |
Gateshead West | John Magnay | 11,811 | 36.2 | 2 |
Gloucester | Anthony Kershaw | 18,836 | 43.6 | 2 |
Goole | Anthony Marreco | 17,073 | 39.6 | 2 |
Gower | Rowe Harding | 10,351 | 24.1 | 2 |
Grimsby | Charles William Hewson | 22,611 | 43.4 | 2 |
Harwich | Stanley Holmes | 26,169 | 58.9 | 1 |
Holland with Boston | Herbert Butcher | 31,683 | 57.9 | 1 |
Huntingdonshire | David Renton | 20,845 | 57.4 | 1 |
Kirkcaldy Burghs | Ralph Harris | 17,484 | 39.4 | 2 |
Luton | Charles Hill | 26,554 | 52.7 | 1 |
Motherwell | Norman Sloan | 17,650 | 42.7 | 2 |
Normanton | Thomas Heseltine | 11,199 | 26.5 | 2 |
North Norfolk | Douglas Reid | 20,788 | 49.7 | 2 |
Newcastle-upon-Tyne North | Gwilym Lloyd-George | 23,930 | 51.1 | 1 |
North Angus and Mearns | Colin Thornton-Kemsley | 18,515 | 64.1 | 1 |
Plymouth Devonport | Randolph Churchill | 29,768 | 48.1 | 2 |
Pontefract | Mervyn Pike | 11,043 | 23.8 | 2 |
Ross and Cromarty | John MacLeod | 10,969 | 64.3 | 1 |
St Ives | Greville Howard | 18,828 | 53.3 | 1 |
Sheffield Attercliffe | Herbert Lambert | 12,161 | 28.9 | 2 |
Sheffield Brightside | Alfred Wood | 12,433 | 27.6 | 2 |
Sheffield Hallam | Roland Jennings | 29,016 | 70.8 | 1 |
Sheffield Heeley | Peter Roberts | 27,776 | 61.0 | 1 |
Sheffield Hillsborough | Geprge Wadsworth | 19,617 | 41.0 | 2 |
Sheffield Neepsend | Arthur Stobbs | 10,655 | 27.0 | 2 |
Sheffield Park | Stanley Rippon | 13,743 | 30.8 | 2 |
Southampton Itchen | Reginald Stranger | 25,708 | 45.9 | 2 |
Southampton Test | John Paul | 25,965 | 49.6 | 2 |
South Angus | James Duncan | 24,478 | 70.9 | 1 |
South Bedfordshire | Norman Cole | 22,917 | 50.9 | 1 |
Stoke-on-Trent North | James Coventry | 14,668 | 28.6 | 2 |
Torrington | George Lambert | 23,162 | 66.2 | 1 |
Western Isles | John Mitchell | 6,709 | 40.7 | 2 |
West Fife | John Patterson Fyfe | 11,038 | 24.6 | 2 |
West Renfrewshire | John Maclay | 21,546 | 53.8 | 1 |
Wolverhampton North East | John Ellis | 18,563 | 37.7 | 2 |
Wrexham | Willoughby Gervase Cooper | 19,124 | 34.8 | 2 |
Richard Nugent is not listed; he was elected as a Conservative, but joined the National Liberal group in Parliament. [3]
By-election | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dundee East by-election, 1952 | Paul Cowcher | 14,035 | 35.6 | 2 |
Barnsley by-election 1953 | Geoffrey Whitaker | 10,905 | 27.1 | 2 |
Harwich by-election, 1954 | Julian Ridsdale | 19,532 | 59.1 | 1 |
Motherwell by-election, 1954 | Norman Sloan | 13,334 | 39.3 | 2 |
Wrexham by-election, 1955 | Griffith Winston Guthrie Jones | 12,476 | 30.8 | 2 |
Constituency | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barnsley | Anthony Wilson | 14,776 | 27.2 | 2 |
Bradford East | George Barber | 14,713 | 38.4 | 2 |
Bradford North | William Taylor | 21,084 | 50.1 | 1 |
Bradford South | Reginald Winston Jones | 16,768 | 38.7 | 2 |
Bradford West | Arthur Tiley | 22,306 | 53.8 | 1 |
Brighouse and Spenborough | Frederick William Howard Cook | 22,048 | 48.2 | 2 |
Bristol North East | David Webster | 21,864 | 44.8 | 2 |
Cannock | John Newey | 18,379 | 40.8 | 2 |
Central Norfolk | Frank Medlicott | 21,851 | 57.3 | 1 |
Chesterfield | Frank Hadfield | 21,748 | 42.4 | 2 |
Denbigh | Emlyn Garner Evans | 18,312 | 43.2 | 1 |
Dumfries | Niall Macpherson | 24,550 | 61.3 | 1 |
Dunfermline Burghs | Charlotte McNee | 14,170 | 39.0 | 2 |
Dundee East | Robert Taylor | 21,606 | 45.7 | 2 |
Dundee West | Gordon Pirie | 24,208 | 46.9 | 2 |
East Fife | James Henderson-Stewart | 26,104 | 70.6 | 1 |
Edinburgh Leith | Janet Sutherland Shearer | 10,693 | 32.3 | 2 |
Goole | Gavin Welby | 15,456 | 37.8 | 2 |
Gower | Gwyther Jones | 8,135 | 21.1 | 2 |
Harwich | Julian Ridsdale | 23,889 | 56.4 | 1 |
Holland with Boston | Herbert Butcher | 28,412 | 53.2 | 1 |
Huntingdonshire | David Renton | 20,609 | 58.4 | 1 |
Kirkcaldy Burghs | Duncan Drummond Young | 16,392 | 40.7 | 2 |
Luton | Charles Hill | 24,722 | 51.3 | 1 |
Merionethshire | John Jenkins | 3,001 | 12.7 | 4 |
Newcastle-upon-Tyne North | Gwilym Lloyd-George | 25,236 | 63.8 | 1 |
North Angus and Mearns | Colin Thornton-Kemsley | 18,516 | 69.0 | 1 |
North Norfolk | William Scarlett Jameson | 19,657 | 48.5 | 2 |
Plymouth Devonport | Joan Vickers | 24,821 | 47.1 | 1 |
Pontefract | Anthony Geoffrey Blake | 10,183 | 23.8 | 2 |
Ross and Cromarty | John MacLeod | 9,929 | 62.3 | 1 |
St Ives | Greville Howard | 17,063 | 52.0 | 1 |
Sheffield Attercliffe | Herbert Lambert | 13,503 | 29.0 | 2 |
Sheffield Brightside | Edward Flynn | 12,239 | 29.6 | 2 |
Sheffield Hallam | Roland Jennings | 30,069 | 66.2 | 1 |
Sheffield Heeley | Peter Roberts | 30,798 | 60.9 | 1 |
Sheffield Hillsborough | Stanley Kenneth Arnold | 16,428 | 41.2 | 2 |
Sheffield Park | Stanley Rippon | 10,565 | 26.8 | 2 |
South Angus | James Duncan | 23,967 | 72.7 | 1 |
South Bedfordshire | Norman Cole | 23,365 | 52.8 | 1 |
Torrington | George Lambert | 20,124 | 65.1 | 1 |
Walsall North | Francis Roberts | 15,970 | 37.5 | 2 |
Western Isles | John Frame | 6,315 | 42.7 | 2 |
West Renfrewshire | John Maclay | 21,283 | 55.2 | 1 |
Wrexham | Griffith Winston Guthrie Jones | 16,286 | 33.0 | 2 |
Richard Nugent is not listed; he was elected as a Conservative, but joined the National Liberal group in Parliament. [3]
By-election | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Torrington by-election, 1958 | Anthony Royle | 13,189 | 37.4 | 2 |
Richard Nugent is not listed; he was elected as a Conservative, but joined the National Liberal group in Parliament. [3]
By-election | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brighouse and Spenborough by-election, 1960 | Michael Shaw | 22,472 | 50.8 | 1 |
Central Norfolk by-election, 1962 | Ian Gilmour | 13,268 | 37.7 | 1 |
Dundee West by-election, 1963 | Robert Taylor | 25,143 | 48.3 | 2 |
Constituency | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bradford East | Trevor Lewis | 11,075 | 38.2 | 2 |
Bradford North | William Taylor | 16,507 | 40.2 | 2 |
Bradford South | Derek Bottomley | 17,097 | 37.7 | 2 |
Bradford West | Arthur Tiley | 21,121 | 54.0 | 1 |
Brighouse and Spenborough | Michael Shaw | 19,812 | 42.2 | 2 |
Bristol North East | Alan Hopkins | 22,423 | 46.7 | 1 |
Dundee East | John Leslie Marshall | 21,499 | 45.2 | 2 |
Dundee West | Henry Campbell Scarlett | 22,473 | 44.3 | 2 |
Dunfermline Burghs | Ian Kirkwood | 14,033 | 38.5 | 2 |
Edinburgh Leith | Gershom Stewart | 12,777 | 44.5 | 2 |
Goole | Donald Chapman | 15,435 | 36.9 | 2 |
Gower | Huw Griffith | 8,822 | 22.5 | 2 |
Harwich | Julian Ridsdale | 25,102 | 50.4 | 1 |
Holland with Boston | Herbert Butcher | 29,082 | 55.4 | 1 |
Huntingdonshire | David Renton | 20,320 | 51.1 | 1 |
Kirkcaldy Burghs | Neil Gow | 11,756 | 29.1 | 2 |
Ross and Cromarty | John Macleod | 5,516 | 32.1 | 2 |
St Ives | Greville Howard | 14,040 | 42.6 | 1 |
Wrexham | Griffith H. Pierce | 17,240 | 32.9 | 2 |
John Osborn and Peter Roberts are not listed; they were elected as Conservatives, but joined the National Liberal group in Parliament. [3]
Constituency | Candidate | Votes | % | Position [2] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bradford East | Henry Sissling | 8,091 | 30.5 | 2 |
Bradford West | Arthur Tiley | 18,170 | 48.0 | 2 |
Brighouse and Spenborough | Cyril Donald Chapman | 21,216 | 45.2 | 2 |
Bristol North East | Alan Hopkins | 21,727 | 45.8 | 2 |
Goole | Richard Whitfield | 13,969 | 34.0 | 2 |
Harwich | Julian Ridsdale | 24,975 | 47.6 | 1 |
Huntingdonshire | David Renton | 20,504 | 49.2 | 1 |
St Ives | John Nott | 14,312 | 41.3 | 1 |
Wrexham | Griffith H. Pierce | 12,596 | 24.6 | 2 |
Frederick Walter Scott Craig was a Scottish psephologist and compiler of the standard reference books covering United Kingdom Parliamentary election results. He originally worked in public relations, compiling election results in his spare time which were published by the Scottish Unionist Party. In the late 1960s he launched his own business as a publisher of reference books, and also compiled various other statistics concerning British politics.
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