Neponsit Beach Hospital

Last updated

Neponsit Beach Hospital
NYC Health + Hospitals
Abandoned Tuberculosis Hospital Jacob Riis Beach Rockaways New York 2013 Shankbone.JPEG
Neponsit Beach Hospital
Geography
Location149–25 Rockaway Beach Boulevard, Rockaway, Queens, New York City, New York, United States
Coordinates 40°34′07″N73°51′53″W / 40.568673°N 73.864740°W / 40.568673; -73.864740
Organization
Funding Public
Type Tuberculosis hospital (former)
Nursing home (former)
History
Opened1915 (as hospital) [1]
1961 [2] (as nursing home)
Closed1955 (as hospital)
1998 (as nursing home) [3]
Links
Website www.nychealthandhospitals.org/queens/
Lists Hospitals in New York State
Other links Hospitals in Queens

Neponsit Beach Hospital, also known as Neponsit Beach Hospital for Children, Neponsit Hospital, Neponsit Children's Hospital, [4] and various other names, was a former municipal tuberculosis sanatorium located adjacent to Jacob Riis Park and the Neponsit community on the western end of the Rockaway peninsula in Queens, New York City. Originally oriented towards the treatment of children, the hospital treated military veterans during and after World War II, but closed in 1955 due to a declining need for tuberculosis hospitals. Afterwards, it operated as the Neponsit Home for the Aged, [2] [5] later the Neponsit Health Care Center, a city-run nursing home until its controversial closure in 1998. The hospital was demolished in 2023.

Contents

Description

The three buildings of the hospital (far left) adjacent to the Neponsit community Rockaway Beach aerial view.jpg
The three buildings of the hospital (far left) adjacent to the Neponsit community

Neponsit Beach Hospital was located on the south side of Rockaway Beach Boulevard just west of 149th Street (originally Mohawk Street), [6] with Rockaway Beach at its southern edge. The hospital sat at the southeast corner of the Jacob Riis Park property, adjacent to the residential portion of Neponsit. [7] [8] It occupied a 5.6-acre (2.3 ha) site. [3] The grounds were originally 14.3 acres (5.8 ha) in size, extending west to the end of the roundabout in front of the park, and included the beaches on the coast of Neponsit Bays 1 and 2. [8]

The hospital consisted of three buildings, two of which fronted the beach. [3] [9] [10] The original building, built in 1915, was designed by the McKim, Mead & White firm. It was four stories high with a red-brick outer facade. It was designed in a "U" shape, with eastern and western wings opening towards the beach. Open-aired balconies and enclosed porches were located on the building facing the beach. It was built with a 122-patient capacity. [11] [6] [12] [13] Renovations were made to the building in 1938 and 1958. [10] Adjacent to the original building was the nurses' residence completed in 1941. It was the easternmost of the two buildings and was also four stories high. It was designed by Dodge & Morrison architects, and built as a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project. [14] [15] [16] [9] Fronting Rockaway Beach Boulevard was the hospital's power plant, built at the same time as the nurses' home. The building also contained the hospital's laundry facilities, a men's dormitory, and an administrative center. [17] [18] [9] [10] A fourth building, a parking garage later converted into an office, was demolished before the rest of the hospital. [10] The hospital's location on the sea provided patients with exposure to sunlight and beach recreation. [19]

The hospital originally contained two sets of murals, commissioned by the Works Progress Administration in 1938. The first set of murals called "The Circus" were painted by Louis Schanker and located on the four walls of the dining room. They consisted of eleven panels depicting clowns and other circus characters. The second series of murals, called "Children at Work and Play", were created by Helen West Heller. The 23 panels portrayed children taking part in games and activities, and include disabled children. Both artists utilized tempera painting. [20] [21] [22] By 2014, NYC Health + Hospitals spent $266,000 a year on the maintenance and security of the property. [23] [24]

The beach directly in front of the hospital (Neponsit Bay 1), now part of Riis Park, is popular among the gay community [25] as well as nudists. [26] A fence, which had originally been erected to separate the hospital from the park, later isolated this section from the rest of the beach [27] until it was taken down by Hurricane Irene in 2011. [28] A second fence just west of Beach 149th Street separates Bay 1 from the Neponsit portion of Rockaway Beach. [29]

Transportation

The Q22 and Q35 local buses directly serve the hospital's former site on Rockaway Beach Boulevard. [30] The Q22 runs east-to-west across the Rockaway Peninsula, [31] and the Q35 travels between Rockaway Park and Brooklyn. [32] The QM16 express route to Manhattan also operates on Rockaway Beach Boulevard. [30] The closest New York City Subway station is the Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street station on the IND Rockaway Line north of the hospital's former site, connected by the Q22 and Q35. [33]

History

"Smiling Joe", a boy with spinal tuberculosis used as part of the campaign to raise money for the hospital American homes and gardens (1907) (18157435701).jpg
"Smiling Joe", a boy with spinal tuberculosis used as part of the campaign to raise money for the hospital

Development

Around the turn of the 20th century, social journalist Jacob Riis (the namesake for the future Jacob Riis Park) advocated for a children's hospital to be built in the Rockaways, in order treat the increasing cases of tuberculosis in the city. [23] [7] [34] [35] In 1904, [36] [37] the city planned to build an oceanside park in the western Rockaways, supported by Riis' Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. The Association as well as New York City Mayor George B. McClellan Jr. also lobbied for a hospital and "convalescent home" to be established. [36] [38] [39] On May 15, 1906, an act was passed in the New York State Legislature allowing for the purchase of beach property in or outside of the city for a maximum of $2.5 million. The act also allowed a portion of the property to be leased for the creation of hospitals. [13] On March 15, 1907, [13] the New York City Board of Estimate accepted $250,000 from the Association to construct a hospital for people with "non-pulmonary tuberculosis". [36] [39] [40] Efforts to develop the park (then called Seaside Park) and the hospital were suspended on November 1, 1907, [41] due to the panic of 1907, [42] but resurrected in 1909. [41] The agreement between the Association and the Board of Estimate was renewed in 1912. [43] [44] The land for what would become Riis Park, 250 acres (100 ha) extending 1 mile (1.6 km) east-to-west, [45] was sold to the city in 1913 by the Neponsit Realty Company, which was developing the Neponsit neighborhood. [36] [46] The site for the hospital was then transferred from the New York City Parks Department on April 24, 1913. [47] [48]

The hospital was funded by private sources and built by the Association, before being turned over to the city. [23] [12] [11] [49] The money had been raised by the Association by 1906 and held in a trust. As part of their campaign, the Association distributed pictures of a boy suffering spinal tuberculosis at Sea Breeze Hospital in Coney Island, Brooklyn, who was strapped to a board as part of his treatment. This boy was later called "Smiling Joe". [42] [50] The pictures were included in letters sent out by the Association, as well as in newspapers and magazines across the country. "Smiling Joe" also received visits from then-President Theodore Roosevelt and John D. Rockefeller. Rockefeller would pledge $125,000 to the project. [43] [51] [52] Construction on the hospital began on January 28, 1914. [50] [53] It was provisionally known as Seaside Hospital. [52] [50] The hospital, which cost $250,000 to construct, [48] was completed by March 1, 1915, [54] and relinquished to the city the next day. [55]

Early history

Artist Louis Schanker with one of his murals within Neponsit Hospital in 1939 Archives of American Art - Louis Schanker - 2798.jpg
Artist Louis Schanker with one of his murals within Neponsit Hospital in 1939

Neponsit Beach Hospital for Children opened on April 16, 1915. [12] Neponsit Hospital was operated by the Bellevue and Allied Hospitals organization, a city agency which also operated Bellevue Hospital in Manhattan. [6] [12] It replaced Sea Breeze Hospital, also operated by the Association, with children from Sea Breeze transferred to Neponsit. [12] [56] Upon opening, the hospital was subject to odors and fumes from waste disposal operations on nearby Barren Island (now Floyd Bennett Field). [12] [56]

In the 1930s and early 1940s, the hospital was expanded as a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project, adding the nurses' residence and power plant. [14] [15] [17] The expansion was first announced in November 1929 by city hospitals commissioner Dr. William Schroeder, Jr. The project was intended to double the patient capacity of the facility. [4] In June 1931, an appropriation of $300,000 was made by the Board of Estimate for the nurses' home. [57] In December 1933, the city applied for a loan to fund the project. [58] Sketches for the murals were approved as part of the Federal Art Project in October 1935. [59] The first contract was awarded in December 1935, for the power plant. [18] The contract for the nurses' residence was awarded in 1938. [14] [15] In addition, the WPA planned to plant 800 trees and create gardens on the grounds of the hospital, [60] [61] and add a 10-foot (3.0 m) high, 1,000-foot (300 m) sea wall. [62] [63] The power plant was completed in 1939, and work on the nurses' residence began shortly afterwards. [64] The nurses' residence was completed in February 1941. [16]

The hospital was closed temporarily on January 7, 1943, to conserve fuel during World War II. [65] [66] [67] Also during the war, the fence separating Riis Park from the hospital grounds was erected. [27] The hospital was reopened on March 1, 1945, after the United States Public Health Service began leasing it to treat servicemen with tuberculosis. [65] [68] [69] Following the war, the Public Health Service continued to use the hospital for veterans of the war. After short extensions of the lease, it was returned to the city in 1950. [49] [70] [71]

Closure of hospital and conversion into nursing home

Neponsit Beach Hospital returned to city operations in summer 1950 following minor renovations, and was now associated with Queens General Hospital in Jamaica. [72] [73] In July 1950 Neponsit Beach Hospital began operating as an annex of Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis (adjacent to Queens General), with 24 patients transferred from Triboro to Neponsit. [74] [75] On June 19, 1952, Queens Hospital Center was formed with the merger of the adjacent Queens General and Triboro Hospitals. Neponsit Beach Hospital, the College Point Outpatient Department, and the Ozone Park ambulance station were also absorbed into the new medical center. [76] [77] Around this time, the city planned to renovate and expand Neponsit Hospital so it could be used in a general hospital capacity in the event of an emergency. [78] Plans were drawn up by the York and Sawyer firm in 1952. [79] In July 1953, the Board of Estimate approved fireproofing and electrical work for the hospital, including fire stairs to replace the original wooden staircases. [80]

However, in January 1955 the city decided to close Neponsit Beach Hospital due to a declining need for tuberculosis treatment. [81] [82] The hospital was vacated on February 1, 1955, with patients transferred to Sea View Hospital or Triboro Hospital. [81] [83] It was officially closed on April 21, 1955. [8] [84] [85] The planned $1 million addition to the complex was cancelled; the plans were approved in 1956 solely in order for the York and Sawyer firm to be compensated. [79]

Following the closure of the hospital, the site was considered a "hot property", located on the beach in the fairly exclusive Neponsit neighborhood. [47] The site of the hospital was valued at $1 million. [8] [86] Numerous groups had conflicting interests in the future of the site. [47] New York City Parks Commissioner Robert Moses desired to use the hospital land to expand the adjacent Jacob Riis Park. [8] [47] Moses planned to raze the hospital buildings in order to construct sports fields, a swimming pool, and a comfort station, and to extend the beach. [8] [27] [87] Moses also pointed out the clause in the 1906 act which provided the land for the hospital, in which it must be returned to the Parks Department when no long used for a hospital. [47] [87] [88] The U.S. Welfare Department proposed that the hospital be converted into a nursing home. [47] Local businessmen such as the Rockaway Park Businessmen's Association, supported by the Rockaways' Chamber of Commerce, desired to build homes on the property. [47] [89] New York City Comptroller Lawrence E. Gerosa desired for the property to be turned over to a private owner, in order to get it "back on the tax rolls". [87] [90] Gerosa may have been influenced by the Rockaway developers, an assertion put forth by Moses. [47] [91] Local residents, meanwhile, wanted the facility reopened as a general hospital, as an annex or relocation of Rockaway Beach Hospital, or converted into a school. [81] [87] [92] These residents were opposed to the Riis Park plans, in part out of fear that extending the park would lead Riis Park visitors to "invade" the adjacent beaches in Neponsit. [27]

Two baseball diamonds (pictured) were built on the former Neponsit Beach Hospital land ceded back to Riis Park in 1959. Jacob Riis Park td (2018-08-03) 019.jpg
Two baseball diamonds (pictured) were built on the former Neponsit Beach Hospital land ceded back to Riis Park in 1959.

On June 29, 1955, the New York City Planning Commission unanimously approved Moses' plans to extend Riis Park. [93] On July 21, 1955, however, the Board of Estimate voted 10–6 to block Moses' park plans. Those opposed included the five borough presidents, as well as Gerosa who cast multiple votes. The two members in favor of park expansion were Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. and city councilman Abe Stark, who each cast three votes. [94] [95] This led to a back-and-forth exchange of letters between Moses and Gerosa. [47] [91] [96] [97] After a lawsuit by the Park Association of New York City, [87] [88] on October 14, 1955, New York Attorney General Jacob K. Javits stated in an advisory ruling that the city did not have the jurisdiction to sell the hospital as it was still parkland. The ruling had been requested by Moses. [98] [99] On October 27, [100] New York Supreme Court Justice Peter M. Daly ruled in favor of the Park Association, preventing the sale. The ruling was upheld by the Appellate Court in Brooklyn on July 9, 1956. [100] [101]

On October 15, 1958, a compromise plan was proposed by councilman Stark and Mayor Wagner. [100] The plan entailed the conversion of the hospital into the nursing home proposed by the Welfare Department. The surrounding undeveloped land would be absorbed into Jacob Riis Park. [5] [100] [102] The plan was approved by New York City Board of Estimate in February 1959. [103] Renovations were made to the main building and the nurses' residence. [10] The Neponsit Home for the Aged was dedicated and opened August 31, 1961. Among those in attendance was city councilman Stark, who urged the construction of more facilities like the Neponsit Home, due to the increasing elderly population in the city. This included the conversion of the former Manhattan Beach Hospital (now the site of Kingsborough Community College) in Brooklyn into a nursing home. [2] [104] Costing $2.4 million, the Neponsit Home was the first municipally-operated geriatric facility in the city. [5] [2] Meanwhile, 10 acres (4.0 ha) of the property were turned over to the Parks Department to expand Riis Park, adding 1,000 feet (300 m) of beach. [8] [103] [102] [47]

Later use and final closure

In July 1985 under Mayor Ed Koch, the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC), which operates city-owned health facilities, planned to transfer 10 patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS from Bellevue Hospital to an isolated wing of the Neponsit Home. [105] The plan received opposition from the local community, due to fears about the transmission of the disease at the time. [105] [106] [107] On July 31, a Queens judge blocked the move. [108] Koch proceeded to drop the plans on September 3. [106] [109]

Between September 10 and 12, 1998, the nursing home was evacuated and closed after bricks fell from the roof of the building due to damage from the Labor Day storm of that year. Residents of the home were forced to leave the facility in the middle of the night. Patients were transferred to Bellevue Hospital in Lower Manhattan, and the Coler and Goldwater Hospitals on Roosevelt Island. [23] [110] [111] [112] City officials under Mayor Rudy Giuliani stated that the buildings were in danger of collapsing, and that renovations were required to make the facility structurally sound. [23] [113] [114] An estimate made by an engineering firm on June 19, 1998, stated it would take $1 million to renovate the facility; following the closure, that figure rose to $50 million. [114] [10] After closing the home, the city initially planned to sell the site, to "get it back on the tax rolls" according to deputy mayor Joe Lhota. The site was worth an estimated $15 to $20 million. By late October, however, Lhota stated that the sale of the site was blocked by the deed restrictions on the property, [115] [116] based on the 1955 court ruling which prevented the sale of the hospital at that time. [117] [118] Meanwhile, accusations were made against Giuliani of using new tactics to justify closing health facilities, after attempts to privatize Coney Island Hospital, Elmhurst Hospital Center, and Queens Hospital Center. [23] [111] [10] There were also rumors of a plan to develop a hotel on the site. [23] After the plans to sell the site fell through, Giuliani and the city decided to demolish the hospital and develop a waterfront park on the site. [119] [120] The plan was announced October 28, 1998 by Giuliani and the HHC. [121] It was opposed by the local community. [119] On October 30, 1998, District Court Judge Deborah Batts blocked the demolition of the buildings. [122]

On November 2, 1998, the federal government released a report on the relocation, finding that the Health and Hospitals Corporation endangered the lives of the 300 residents, and deceived them about plans to later return to the Neponsit Home. It also found that the hasty evacuation was unnecessary. Based on the report, the Health Care Financing Administration fined the HHC $3,050 per day for every day the former residents remained in sub-par housing, totaling $450,000. [114] [123] [124] In December 1998, a portion of the complex, the Neponsit Adult Day Health Care which provided outpatient physical therapy, was relocated to the gymnasium of the Young Israel of Far Rockaway synagogue in Far Rockaway. [125] [126] A second court ruling on October 29, 1999, stated that the HHC overextended its authority when evacuating the facility, and blocked demolition. [114] [127] [10] Despite this, the Giuliani administration continued to try and demolitish the building. [127] In March 2000, a structural evaluation was conducted by the New York City Council, finding the three Neponsit buildings to be in good condition, with repairs estimated at $600,000. [10]

Neponsit Adult Day Health Care, formerly located in the nursing home, was moved to the Sands Point Professional Building (pictured) in 2004. Rockaway Bch Bl Bch 102nd St td 18 - Sands Point Therapy.jpg
Neponsit Adult Day Health Care, formerly located in the nursing home, was moved to the Sands Point Professional Building (pictured) in 2004.

Following a lawsuit over the closure of the facility by former residents and the Legal Aid Society, [113] [7] on June 2, 2003, under the administration of Michael Bloomberg, the HHC agreed to pay $5 million out of court, with $18,000 going to each patient or their estate if they had passed away. In addition, the city must give notice in the future if it intends to transfer 100 or more nursing home patients. [114] [128] [115]

Redevelopment or use of the site, meanwhile, was limited due to its deed restrictions. [115] On March 9, 2004, the Neponsit Adult Day Health Care moved to a permanent location in the Sands Point Professional Building at Beach 102nd Street in nearby Rockaway Park. [129] In 2006, the HHC considered plans to turn over facility to the city, and develop luxury homes on the site. These plans were opposed by local residents and politicians. Alternate plans from the community called for a veteran's rehabilitation center, or a children's hospital. [7] [24] [130] [113] Local politician Lew Simon, in opposition to the city plans, stated it would take "seven years" to rezone the land for other purposes. [130] None of these plans came to fruition. [113] In 2008, the HHC spent $1 million in order to cleanup debris on the property, and repair fences and windows. [113] At this time, the site was appraised at $40 million. [113]

Demolition

In April 2022, the New York City government announced plans to demolish the remains of the Neponsit Beach Hospital. [131] These plans prompted opposition from LGBTQ community. [132] [133] As of September 2022, city officials had not finalized plans for the site, although they tentatively planned to convert the hospital site into a parking lot and a lifeguard station. [133] In its abandonment, the former Neponsit Hospital buildings had become the site of LGBT-affirming public art with messages such as "Black Trans Lives Matter", "Queer Trans Power", and a pride flag foregrounded by watchful eyes, much of the art done by Hugo Gyrl. [133] When plans for the demolition were announced, a school of fish was found living in the Neponsit Hospital site's flooded basement. After advocacy efforts by LGBTQ activists and fish rescuers, the fish were rehomed prior to demolition. [134] [135] [136] The hospital building was demolished in early 2023. [137]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge</span> Bridge between Brooklyn and Queens, New York

The Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge is a vertical-lift bridge in New York City, New York, that crosses Rockaway Inlet. The bridge, which opened on July 3, 1937, connects the Rockaway Peninsula in Queens, with Flatbush Avenue to Floyd Bennett Field, Belt Parkway, and the Marine Park neighborhood in Brooklyn. The bridge is designated as New York State Route 901B, an unsigned reference route.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rockaway, Queens</span> Neighborhoods of Queens in New York City

The Rockaway Peninsula, commonly referred to as The Rockaways or Rockaway, is a peninsula at the southern edge of the New York City borough of Queens on Long Island, New York. Relatively isolated from Manhattan and other more urban parts of the city, Rockaway became a popular summer retreat in the 1830s. It has since become a mixture of lower, middle, and upper-class neighborhoods. In the 2010s, it became one of the city's most quickly gentrifying areas.

Belle Harbor is a small residential neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens, located on the western half of the Rockaway Peninsula, the southernmost area of the borough. Belle Harbor commonly refers to the area from Beach 126th to Beach 141st Streets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Broad Channel station</span> New York City Subway station in Queens

The Broad Channel station is a station on the IND Rockaway Line of the New York City Subway, located in the neighborhood of the same name at Noel and West Roads in the borough of Queens. It is served by the A train and the Rockaway Park Shuttle at all times, the latter of which originates/terminates here. Broad Channel originally opened in 1880 as a Long Island Railroad station. The LIRR discontinued service in 1950 after a fire on the trestle across Jamaica Bay, to the station's north. The station reopened June 28, 1956, as a subway station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neponsit, Queens</span> Neighborhood of Queens in New York City

Neponsit is a small affluent neighborhood located on the western half of the Rockaway Peninsula, the southernmost area of the New York City borough of Queens. The area starts at Beach 142nd Street and ends at Beach 149th Street. It borders the neighborhood of Belle Harbor to the east and Jacob Riis Park on the west. Jamaica Bay and the Atlantic Ocean are the northern and southern borders. The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 14. As of January 1, 2007, the neighborhood's population reached just over 2,000, making it one of the smallest communities on the peninsula and in the entire borough of Queens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grant Avenue station (IND Fulton Street Line)</span> New York City Subway station in Brooklyn

The Grant Avenue station is a station on the IND Fulton Street Line of the New York City Subway. Located at Grant Avenue just north of Pitkin Avenue in City Line, Brooklyn, near the border between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, it is served by the A train at all times. The station is the line's easternmost stop in Brooklyn; the Fulton Street Line continues east into Queens via the Fulton Street Elevated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street station</span> New York City Subway station in Queens

The Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street station is the western terminal station on the IND Rockaway Line of the New York City Subway, located on Beach 116th Street near Rockaway Beach Boulevard in Rockaway Beach, Queens. It is served by the Rockaway Park Shuttle at all times and ten daily rush-hour A trains in the peak direction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue station</span> New York City Subway station in Queens

The Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue station is the eastern terminal station of the New York City Subway's IND Rockaway Line. Originally a Long Island Rail Road station, it is currently the easternmost station in the New York City Subway. It is served by the A train at all times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rockaway Park, Queens</span> Neighborhood of Queens in New York City

Rockaway Park is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. The area is on the Rockaway Peninsula, nestled between Jamaica Bay to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. The neighborhood of Rockaway Beach lies on its eastern border while the community of Belle Harbor is situated on its western side. The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 14.

The IND Rockaway Line is a rapid transit line of the IND Division of the New York City Subway, operating in Queens. It branches from the IND Fulton Street Line at Rockaway Boulevard, extending over the Jamaica Bay, into the Rockaways. At its southern end in the Rockaways, the line has two branches: one traveling east to Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue and one traveling west to Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street. The A train serves the line on the Far Rockaway branch, as well as on the section north of Hammels Wye. The Rockaway Park Shuttle runs between Broad Channel and Rockaway Park. Five rush hour A trains provide service between Rockaway Park and Manhattan in the peak direction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jacob Riis Park</span> Urban park in Queens, New York

Jacob Riis Park, also called Jacob A. Riis Park and Riis Park, is a seaside park on the southwestern portion of the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It lies at the foot of the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, east of Fort Tilden, and west of Neponsit and Rockaway Beach. Originally run by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, it later became part of the Jamaica Bay Unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area, and is managed by the National Park Service (NPS). It features an extensive sand beach along the Atlantic Ocean coastline and several historic Art Deco structures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green Bus Lines</span> Defunct bus company in New York City (1925–2006)

Green Bus Lines, also referred to simply as Green Lines, was a private bus company in New York City, United States. It operated local service in Queens and express service to Manhattan until January 9, 2006, when the city-operated MTA Bus Company took over its routes. It was managed most recently by Jerome Cooper (1928–2015).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Q35 (New York City bus)</span> Bus route in New York City

The Q35 bus route constitutes a public transit line in southeast Brooklyn as well as the Rockaway Peninsula of southern Queens in New York City. The Q35 is operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations under the MTA Bus Company brand, but was formerly privately operated by Green Bus Lines. The bus provides service between Midwood in central Brooklyn to Rockaway Park on the Rockaway Peninsula, running mainly along Flatbush Avenue in Brooklyn and Newport Avenue on the Rockaway Peninsula. The route utilizes the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge to cross between Brooklyn and Queens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rockaway Beach Branch</span> Former Long Island Rail Road branch (closed 1962)

The Rockaway Beach Branch was a rail line owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road in Queens, New York City, United States. The line left the Main Line at Whitepot Junction in Rego Park heading south via Ozone Park and across Jamaica Bay to Hammels in the Rockaways, turning west there to a terminal at Rockaway Park. Along the way it connected with the Montauk Branch near Glendale, the Atlantic Branch near Woodhaven, and the Far Rockaway Branch at Hammels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rego Park station (LIRR)</span> Former railroad station in New York City

Rego Park is a former Long Island Rail Road station. It was made of wood, unlike most other stations that were concrete. The station opened in May 1928 with two side platforms outside the two Rockaway Beach Branch tracks that bracketed the four-track Main Line, so only Rockaway trains stopped there. After the Rockaway Trestle fire in 1950, the line was closed station by station. The station closed on June 8, 1962, one day before the Rockaway Beach Branch was abandoned. Nothing remains at the site today.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Queens Hospital Center</span> Hospital in New York, United States

Queens Hospital Center (QHC), also known as NYC Health + Hospitals/Queens and originally called Queens General Hospital, is a large public hospital campus in the Jamaica Hills and Hillcrest neighborhoods of Queens in New York City. It is operated by NYC Health + Hospitals, a public benefit corporation of the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Woodhaven and Cross Bay Boulevards buses</span> Bus routes in Queens, New York

The Q11, Q21, Q52, and Q53 bus routes constitute a public transit corridor running along Woodhaven and Cross Bay Boulevards in Queens, New York City. The corridor extends primarily along the length of the two boulevards through "mainland" Queens, a distance of 6 miles (9.7 km) between Elmhurst and the Jamaica Bay shore in Howard Beach. The Q52 and Q53 buses, which provide Select Bus Service along the corridor, continue south across Jamaica Bay to the Rockaway peninsula, one of the few public transit options between the peninsula and the rest of the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis</span> Hospital in New York, United States

Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis or Triboro Tuberculosis Hospital, later simply Triboro Hospital and now known as "Building T" or the "T Building", is a former municipal tuberculosis sanatorium and later a general hospital located on the campus of Queens Hospital Center in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. Completed in 1941, it was merged with the adjacent Queens General Hospital to form Queens Hospital Center in the 1950s, and converted into a general hospital by the 1970s. Now primarily used for administrative purposes, several plans have been proposed to reuse the site, or to preserve the building as a historic landmark. On January 31, 2019 the hospital was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spring Creek Park</span> Public park in New York City

Spring Creek Park is a public park along the Jamaica Bay shoreline between the neighborhoods of Howard Beach, Queens, and Spring Creek, Brooklyn, in New York City. Created on landfilled former marshland, the park is mostly an undeveloped nature preserve, with only small portions accessible to the public for recreation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edgemere Landfill</span> Former landfill in Queens, New York

Edgemere Landfill is a former municipal landfill located in Edgemere on the Rockaway peninsula in Queens, New York City. It is located on a man-made peninsula on the Jamaica Bay shoreline, at the eastern end of the Rockaway peninsula. A portion of the site is open to the public as Rockaway Community Park. The entire site is owned by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

References

  1. Emil R. Lucev (2007). The Rockaways. Arcadia Publishing. p. 110. ISBN   978-0-7385-4990-3 . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "New Home For Aged Dedicated By City". The New York Times . September 1, 1961. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 "Capital Committee Meeting Agenda" (PDF). NYC Health + Hospitals. June 11, 2015. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  4. 1 2 "Neponsit Children's Hospital Will Be Doubled In Capacity, Schroeder Compliments Staff". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. November 21, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 "City Is Set to Open New Home For Aged". The New York Times . August 2, 1961. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 Committee on Survey of Cripples (New York, N.Y.); Henry Collier Wright (1920). Survey of cripples in New York City. New York Committee on After Care of Infantile Paralysis Cases. p. 83. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Kilgannon, Corey (November 30, 2006). "In Queens, Closed Nursing Home Still Open to Controversy". The New York Times . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Freeman, Ira Henry (May 27, 1955). "2 Hospital Sites Sought for Parks". The New York Times . p. 25. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  9. 1 2 3 "To Re-Open Neponsit Hospital As Aged Home: Board of Estimate OKs $18,000 Ford Project Engineering Fees". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. March 20, 1958. p. 1. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 McLoughlin, John C. (September 16, 2000). "Vallone Says: Reopen Neponsit Home". Wave of Long Island . Retrieved August 31, 2017.
  11. 1 2 "Riis Park Ideal for Paralysis Patients". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Newspapers.com. July 27, 1916. p. 5. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bellevue and Allied Hospitals (1915). Annual Report. pp. 39–40. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  13. 1 2 3 Unrau, Harian D. (April 1981). "Historic Structure Report: Jacob Riis Park Historic District; Historic Data; Gateway National Recreation Area, New Jersey-New York" (PDF). United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service . Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  14. 1 2 3 "Contracts Let For 2 Queens Hospital Jobs". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Newspapers.com. December 25, 1938. p. 41. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  15. 1 2 3 "Notable Additions to Queens Hospital Facilities". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Newspapers.com. December 25, 1938. p. 42. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  16. 1 2 "Neponsit Hospital Home Completed". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Newspapers.com. February 24, 1941. p. 24. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  17. 1 2 "City to Expand Neponsit Hospital: 120-Bed Children's Institution Will Be Increased to 300". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Newspapers.com. January 28, 1940. p. 12. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  18. 1 2 "Contract Let for Hospital in Neponsit: New Building Will House Power Plant, Laundry, Dormitory". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. December 22, 1935. p. 10. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  19. Paul, Lydia (September 14, 1930). "Where Children Return to Health" (PDF). Brooklyn Eagle Magazine. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  20. "Circus Murals Cheer Children In L.I. Hospital". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . July 24, 1938. p. 11. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  21. "WPA's Murals Cheer Children At Neponsit Beach Hospital". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . July 2, 1939. p. 8. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  22. "Neponsit Beach Children's Hospital Murals (Missing) - Far Rockaway NY".
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Agard, Kami-Leigh (April 6, 2017). "Rumors of a Jail Coming to Rockaway…Much Ado About Nothing?". Rockaway Times. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  24. 1 2 McFadden, Katie (March 7, 2014). "Neponsit Money Pit: Prime Property Without a Purpose". Wave of Long Island . Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  25. William, Terry; Komblum, William. "Segregation and Use at Riis Park" (PDF). National Park Service . Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  26. "Nude Sunbathing at Riis Park is Banned by New State Law". The New York Times . June 27, 1983. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  27. 1 2 3 4 "Neponsit Owners Fight Extension Of Riis Park: Object To Adding Neponsit Hospital Grounds To The Park Area; Say Extension Would Be Detrimental To Community And Nullify G-I Zone Effect". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. June 2, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  28. Colangelo, Lisa L. (June 17, 2012). "Rockaway residents fume over loss of Riis Park fence". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  29. "Neighborhood Report: Riis Park; Claiming Their Patches of Sand". The New York Times . August 11, 2002. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  30. 1 2 "Queens Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  31. "MTA Bus Time: Q22 Rockaway Beach Blvd – Beach Channel Dr". mta.info . MTA Bus Time.
  32. "MTA Bus Time: Q35 Rockaway Park – Brooklyn College". mta.info . MTA Bus Time.
  33. "MTA Neighborhood Maps: The Rockaways" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  34. "Jacob Riis: Revealing "How the Other Half Lives"". Library of Congress. April 14, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  35. "Jacob Riis Triangle". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation . Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  36. 1 2 3 4 American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society (1922). Annual Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society to the Legislature of the State of New York. pp. 30–31. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  37. "The Big Seaside Park: Full Report Adopted by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment last Friday". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. March 16, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  38. "Plea for Oceanside Park". New York Evening Post . Fultonhistory.com. 1907. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  39. 1 2 New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (1907). Annual Report of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor for the Fiscal Year... The Association. pp. 43–44. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  40. "To Create Sea Side Parks: One to be Located at Rockaway Park and Other on the Burned Dreamland Site at Coney Island". The Daily Long Island Farmer. Fultonhistory.com. July 28, 1911. p. 1. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  41. 1 2 "Seaside Park Being Urged". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. December 4, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  42. 1 2 "Cripple Aids Poor; Boy Caused Erection of Hospital to Cost $250,000". The Fayette Chronicle. Fultonhistory.com. 1912. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  43. 1 2 "Sun Bath Treatment For Tuberculosis Children". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Fultonhistory.com. July 21, 1912. p. 7. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  44. "Killing the Rockaways: Hospitals and Orphan Asylums Have Caused Real Estate Depression". The Daily Long Island Farmer. Fultonhistory.com. July 16, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  45. New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (1910). Annual Report of the New-York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor . Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  46. Alfred Henry Bellot (1918). History of the Rockaways from the year 1685 to 1917: being a complete record and review of events of historical importance during that period in the Rockaway Peninsula, comprising the villages of Hewlett, Woodmere, Cedarhurst, Lawrence, Inwood, Far Rockaway, Arverne, Rockaway Beach, Belle Harbor, Neponsit and Rockaway Point. Bellot's Histories. p. 26. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lawrence Kaplan; Carol P. Kaplan (2003). Between Ocean and City: The Transformation of Rockaway, New York. Columbia University Press. pp. 82–83. ISBN   978-0-231-12848-3 . Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  48. 1 2 "$250,000 Building; To be Erected at Seaside Park for Hospital Use". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. April 26, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  49. 1 2 "The Hospital Story: Neponsit Beach Institution Opened It's[sic] Doors In 1915 To Carry On Fight Against Tuberculosis; USPH Used Hospital For Five Years". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. May 17, 1956. p. 1. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  50. 1 2 3 "Start Seaside Hospital – " Smiling Joe" Fund of $257,000 Now to Aid Invalid Children". The New York Times . January 29, 1914. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  51. "The Glory of the Conquered". The Philadelphia Inquirer . Fultonhistory.com. May 6, 1909. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  52. 1 2 "$30,000 By Sunset; Or Seaside Hospital for Sick Children Forfeits $220,000". New York Daily Tribune . Fultonhistory.com. June 30, 1906. p. 4. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  53. "Seaside Hospital Begun". The Daily Long Island Farmer. Fultonhistory.com. January 29, 1914. p. 1. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
  54. New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (1915). Annual Report of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor for the Fiscal Year... The Association. pp. 21–22. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  55. "Rockaway Hospital Turned Over to City: Telawana Park Institution to Care for 138 Children". New York Evening Post . Fultonhistory.com. March 2, 1915. p. 5. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
  56. 1 2 "Hospital Menaced by Barren Island – Health Department Gathering Evidence of the Offensive Fumes – Neponsit, L.I., Complains – Dr. Emerson Says Modern Equipment, Though Expensive, Would Do Away with the Odors". The New York Times . October 23, 1915. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  57. "$845,900 Job Aid Is Voted". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Fultonhistory.com. June 12, 1931. p. 3. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  58. "City to Seek Hospital Loan". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. December 10, 1933. p. 8. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  59. "Murals Approved of 5 WPA Artists – Sketches for Three Schools and a Hospital Passed by the City Art Commission". The New York Times . October 23, 1935. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  60. "WPA Planting 4,500 Trees in Score of Queens Sections". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Newspapers.com. May 4, 1941. p. 8. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  61. "Special Gardens Built For Crippled Children". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. June 13, 1941. p. 16. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  62. "WPA Starts Improvement On Neponsit Child Hospital". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Newspapers.com. July 18, 1940. p. 12. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  63. "Beach Hospital Work Begun". The New York Times . July 18, 1940. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  64. "Work Starts on Nurses' Home in Neponsit". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. March 2, 1939. p. 4. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  65. 1 2 "City Hospital Is Leased By U.S.: Neponsit Beach Building To East the Congestion At the Marine Hospital". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. March 8, 1945. p. 1. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  66. "Neponsit Hospital War Casualty; Fuel Shortage Is Critical". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. January 7, 1943. p. 1. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  67. "To Reopen Neponsit Hospital". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Newspapers.com. March 1, 1945. p. 12. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  68. "U.S. Seeks City Hospital: Neponsit Beach Institution Is to Serve Merchant Marine Men". The New York Times . January 17, 1945. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  69. "More Beds Sought for City's TB Cases". The New York Times . May 14, 1950. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  70. "City Moves to Open Neponsit Hospital". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. June 1, 1950. p. 12. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  71. "271 To Be On Staff Of Neponsit Hospital". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. June 22, 1950. p. 12. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  72. "Hospital Begins Serving TB Cases". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. July 14, 1950. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  73. "First Patients Arrive at Neponsit". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. July 20, 1950. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  74. Abadjian, Nick (February 22, 2000). "The Rebirth Of Queens Hospital Center". Queens Tribune. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
  75. "Fineberg Heads Hospital Center". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. June 19, 1952. p. 19. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  76. "Neponsit Hospital Improvement Plan: Building Will Be Used As A General Hospital In Case Of Disaster Here". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. December 21, 1950. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  77. 1 2 "Board Approval Due On 'Project'". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. April 26, 1956. p. 15. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  78. "Neponsit Hospital Work Is Approved: Stair Towers And Windows To Be Installed As A Part Of Renovation". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. July 30, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  79. 1 2 3 "Urge City Use Neponsit Site". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. January 13, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  80. Fowle, Farnsworth (January 16, 1955). "Two TB Hospitals Added to Closings". New York Times . p. 53. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  81. "Farewell Part Held In Neponsit Hospital". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. January 20, 1955. p. 4. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  82. "City Loses Appeal to Sell Land Around Old Neponsit Hospital". New York Times . July 10, 1956. p. 33. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  83. New York (State) (1955). Reports of selected cases decided in courts of the State of New York other than the Court of Appeals and the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court: miscellaneous reports. Williams Press. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  84. "Neponsit Hospital Property To Be Used For New Homes". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. July 28, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  85. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Hospital Story: Court Says "Return Land To the Department of Parks"; Board of Estimate And Gerosa Say "Hands Off"; Rockawayites Have Some Ideas Also!". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. May 31, 1956. p. 1. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  86. 1 2 "Vote on Neponsit Is Called Illegal – Morris Says Estimate Board Bar to Park Use of Tract Justifies Opposition Suit". The New York Times . September 21, 1955. p. 32. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  87. "Neponsit Hospital Property Sale Favored By Park Assn". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. June 9, 1955. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  88. "Gerosa Doubts Tax Hike Need". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. October 25, 1955. p. 9. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  89. 1 2 "Gerosa Belittles Moses' Sea Parks – In Letter 'Resenting' Talk of 'Subdivision Boys' He Credits Nature's Bounty – Drive to Save Neponsit – Civic Group Opens It Today With Petitions to Estimate Body to Reconsider Vote". The New York Times . July 23, 1955. p. 19. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  90. "The Hospital Story: Many Locals Fought To Get City Hospital At Neponsit Beach When City Ceased Operating There; Fight Still On To Determine Future". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. May 24, 1956. p. 1. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  91. "2 Parks Approved by Planning Body – Both Are Now City Hospital Sites – One in the Bronx, the Other in Queens". The New York Times . June 30, 1955. p. 27. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  92. Bennett, Charles G. (July 22, 1955). "Moses Park Plan Killed by Board – Estimate Unit, Led by Gerosa, Bars Conversion of Old Neponsit Hospital Site MOSES PARK PLAN KILLED BY BOARD". The New York Times . pp. 25, 43. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  93. "Don't sell the Beach". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. August 13, 1955. p. 4. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  94. "Moses Steps Up Neponsit Attack – He Charges 'Shenanigans' in City's Plan to Sell Site He Wants for Park – Wagner Will Tour Area – Commissioner Will Conduct Mayor on Trip Monday to Stress Need for Land". The New York Times . August 6, 1955. p. 17. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  95. Bennett, Charles G. (August 30, 1955). "Moses, In Retort, Belabors Gerosa – Accuses Controller of Plan 'to Sell Off City Parks to Balance the Budget' – Not So, Says Opponent – Wagner to Ask That Board Reconsider Its 10–6 Vote to Sell Neponsit Site". The New York Times . p. 29. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  96. Weaver, Warren Jr. (October 15, 1955). "Javits Rules Out Sale of Neponsit – Attorney General Holds City Must Return Hospital Site to Control of Riis Park". The New York Times . Albany, New York. p. 17. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  97. "Javits Disputed in Neponsit Case – Acting City Controller Calls Opinion on Hospital Sale 'Unusual' and 'Pointless'". The New York Times . October 17, 1955. p. 18. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  98. 1 2 3 4 Bennett, Charles G. (October 16, 1956). "City May Convert Neponsit Facility – Wagner and Stark Propose Abandoned Hospital Be Made Home for Aged – Plan Would End Feud – It Is Favored by Both Sides in the Court Fight Over Disposition of Site Park Development Planned". The New York Times . p. 35. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  99. "City Loses Appeal to Sell Land Around Old Neponsit Hospital". The New York Times . July 10, 1956. p. 33. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  100. 1 2 "City to Build Home for Aged". Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. June 3, 1958. p. 2. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  101. 1 2 "Neponsit Home For The Aged Gets Green Light By Board Of Estimate". Wave of Long Island . Fultonhistory.com. February 19, 1959. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  102. "Abe Stark Realizes A Dream As Neponsit Hospital And Home For Aged Opens Today". Brooklyn Daily. Fultonhistory.com. August 31, 1961. p. 3. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  103. 1 2 James Colgrove (May 5, 2011). Epidemic City: The Politics of Public Health in New York. Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 135–137. ISBN   978-1-61044-708-9 . Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  104. 1 2 Purnick, Joyce (September 4, 1985). "Koch Won't Put AIDS Patients in Queens Site". The New York Times . Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  105. "Looking Back". Wave of Long Island . August 12, 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
  106. "Queens Judge Bars City Plan For Sheltering AIDS Victims". The New York Times . August 1, 1985. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  107. "Koch Says City Plans Home Care for AIDS Victims". The New York Times . September 6, 1985. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  108. Rosen, Marty (September 22, 1998). "Nursing Home Move Stuns Patients". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  109. 1 2 Rosen, Marty (October 2, 1998). "300 Stranded As City Shuts Health Center". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  110. Ruiz, Albor (October 29, 1998). "The Shuttering of Senior Center Leaves Bad Taste". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  111. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brosh, Brendan (April 21, 2008). "Abandoned Neponsit health center fixed". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  112. 1 2 3 4 5 Gearty, Robert (June 3, 2003). "CITY TO PAY IN AGE-OLD SUIT 5M deal for nursing home shutdown". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  113. 1 2 3 Kates, Brian (August 24, 2003). "Prime Land With No Future – Shore site is city's – & worth 15M". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  114. "Put Brakes on Rockaway Bulldozer". New York Daily News . October 31, 1998. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  115. McLoughlin, John (November 6, 1999). "Home Sweet Home? Judge Rules On Neponsit Health Care". Wave of Long Island . Retrieved August 31, 2017.
  116. Simon, Lew M. (October 9, 1999). "Simon Says…". Wave of Long Island . Retrieved August 31, 2017.
  117. 1 2 Serant, Claire (November 6, 1998). "Neponsit Residents Frown on Park Plan". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  118. Rosen, Marty (October 29, 1998). "Site of Shut Home to Become a Park". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  119. Steinhauer, Jennifer (October 29, 1998). "City to Tear Down Queens Nursing Home for Parkland". The New York Times . Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  120. "Metro News Briefs: New York; Razing of Nursing Home Is Delayed by Judge". The New York Times . October 31, 1998. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  121. Rosen, Marty (November 3, 1998). "Nursing Home Patients Imperiled in Move, Report Finds". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  122. Rosen, Marty (October 23, 1998). "Feds Fine HHC for Transfer of Frail Seniors". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  123. Weir, Richard (December 6, 1998). "Neighborhood Report: Neponsit; Adult Day Care Center Finds New Home at Synagogue". The New York Times . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  124. Woodberry, Warren Jr. (April 27, 2000). "Senior Center in a Pinch – Rockaway Pk. Group Eying a New Yome". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  125. 1 2 Lueck, Thomas J. (October 31, 1999). "Nursing Home Demolition To Be Pursued Despite Ruling". The New York Times . Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  126. Woodberry, Warren Jr. (June 15, 2003). "Taste of the Country, & A Beautiful Beach – Life in Neponsit is a shore thing". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  127. Woodberry, Warren Jr. (March 10, 2004). "New Home for Senior Center". New York Daily News . Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  128. 1 2 Schwach, Howard (December 1, 2006). "Locals Berate HHC For Neponsit Luxury Home Plan: Support Small, Residents Prefer Soldier's Home, School". Wave of Long Island . Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  129. Iezzi, Annie; Honan, Katie (May 9, 2022). "Demolition of Long-Abandoned Medical Center Could Leave Queer Beachgoers Exposed". The City. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  130. "LGBTQ beach sanctum faces demolition in New York". NBC News. Reuters. October 13, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  131. 1 2 3 Otis, John (September 18, 2022). "A 'Time Capsule' in Photos, Just in Case a Beach Changes". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  132. "The Riis Beach Goldfish Have Actually Been Rehomed". Hell Gate. March 17, 2023. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023.
  133. Jane, Talia (October 12, 2022). "The Mystery of the Fish Living in Riis Beach's Abandoned Hospital". Hell Gate. Archived from the original on October 12, 2022.
  134. Maslin Nir, Sarah (March 17, 2023). "When Helpless Fish Need a Hero, She Answers the Call". The New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2023.
  135. Kenlock, Brienne (March 24, 2023). "Saving The People's Beach - The Wave". The Wave. Retrieved August 19, 2023.