Hebei or,is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province,with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese,3% Manchu,0.8% Hui,and 0.3% Mongol. Three Mandarin dialects are spoken:Jilu Mandarin,Beijing Mandarin and Jin.
Rehe Province,known at the time as Jehol Province from an earlier romanization,was a former Chinese special administrative region and province centered on the city of Rehe,now known as Chengde.
Zhili,alternately romanized as Chihli,was a northern administrative region of China since the 14th-century that lasted through the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty until 1911,when the region was dissolved,converted to a province,and renamed Hebei in 1928.
Tangshan is a coastal,industrial prefecture-level city in the northeast of Hebei province. It is located in the eastern part of Hebei Province and the northeastern part of the North China Plain. It is located in the central area of the Bohai Rim and serves as the main traffic corridor to the Northeast. The city faces the Bohai Sea in the south,the Yan Mountains in the north,Qinhuangdao across the Luan River to the east,and Tianjin to the west.
Zongdu,usually translated as Viceroy,Head of State or Governor-General,governed one territory or more provinces of China during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
The Viceroy of Zhili,fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of Zhili and Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs and Food Production,Manager of Waterways,Director of Civil Affairs, was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Zhili was an important post because the province of Zhili,which literally means "directly ruled",was the area surrounding the imperial capital,Beijing. The administrative centre was in Tianjin even though the provincial capital was in Baoding. The Viceroy's duties as well as responsibilities have never been defined entirely. Generally speaking,the Viceroy oversaw the military and civil affairs of Zhili,Shandong and Henan provinces. The Viceroy of Zhili was also highly influential in imperial court politics.
Wu Peifu or Wu P'ei-fu was a major figure in the struggles between the warlords who dominated Republican China from 1916 to 1927.
The Second Zhili–Fengtian War of 1924 was a conflict between the Japanese-backed Fengtian clique based in Manchuria,and the more liberal Zhili clique controlling Beijing and backed by Anglo-American business interests. The war is considered the most significant in China's Warlord era,with the Beijing coup by Christian warlord Feng Yuxiang leading to the overall defeat of the Zhili clique. During the war the two cliques fought one large battle near Tianjin in October 1924,as well as a number of smaller skirmishes and sieges. Afterwards,both Feng and Zhang Zuolin,the latter being ruler of the Fengtian clique,appointed Duan Qirui as a figurehead prime minister. In south and central China,more liberal Chinese were dismayed by the Fengtian's advance and by the resulting power vacuum. A wave of protests followed. The war also distracted the northern warlords from the Soviet-backed Nationalists based in the southern province of Guangdong,allowing unhampered preparation for the Northern Expedition (1926–1928),which united China under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.
Wang Kemin was a leading official in the Chinese republican movement and early Beiyang government,later noted for his role as in the collaborationist Provisional Government of the Republic of China and Wang Jingwei regime during World War II.
Xiqing District is a district in Tianjin,People's Republic of China.
The Bohai Sea is a marginal sea approximately 77,000 km2 (30,000 sq mi) in area on the east coast of Mainland China. It is the northwestern and innermost extension of the Yellow Sea,to which it connects to the east via the Bohai Strait. It has a mean depth of approximately 18 meters (59 ft),with a maximum depth of about 80 meters (260 ft) located in the northern part of the Bohai Strait.
Li Xuefeng was a Chinese Communist politician. He occupied several prominent regional offices prior to the founding of the People's Republic in 1949. In 1960 he became the first political commissar of the Beijing Military Region. He took over the Beijing party organization as its First Secretary after the purge of Peng Zhen in May 1966,and was sent to take the reins of Hebei's Revolutionary Committee between 1968 and 1971. However,his support for Chen Boda during the 1971 Lushan Conference led him to be branded as a supporter of Lin Biao;he was purged and sent into internal exile in Anhui province for eight years. He was politically rehabilitated in 1982,and went on to serve in several advisory positions in the party.
Battle of Beijing may refer to multiple battles fought in what is now Beijing:
"Beijing" is from pinyin Běijīng, which is romanized from 北京,the Chinese name for this city. The pinyin system of transliteration was approved by the Chinese government in 1958,but little used until 1979. It was gradually adopted by various news organizations,governments,and international agencies over the next decade.
The Central Theater Command is one of the five theater commands of the People's Liberation Army of China,and was founded on 1 February 2016. Its predecessors were the Beijing Military Region and Jinan Military Region.
The city of Tianjin considers itself the original home or birthplace of Chinese industrial revolution. Modern industry started there with Tianjin Machine Factory which was established by the Qing government during the Self-Strengthening Movement. Afterwards,Yuan Shikai promoted new policies in Tianjin. Numerous modern industrial enterprises mushroomed in Hebei New District in the northern bank of the Hai River. Including Zhou Xuexi,many industrialists established large enterprise groups that were managed by merchant and supervised by the government. By the beginning of the 20th century,Chinese private enterprises were booming. Among them is the most representative Yongli Alkali Factory which won the gold award and certificate in Philadelphia,the U.S. in 1926 by the sodium carbonate it produced. The factory was praised as "the symbol of developing important chemical industry of the Republic China". The development of Tianjin's modern industrial and the establishment of the Concessions in Tianjin contributed to the rapid expansion of modern Tianjin to become the biggest city and center of industry and commerce in northern China,as well as the second biggest city of industry,finance and trade in China. The development of Tianjin modern industry mainly went through four stages:initial period,evolution period,booming period and occupied period. Because of the industrial boom of Tianjin modern industry,the government of Tianjin built The Tianjin Museum of Modern Industry in Divergence estuary for commemoration.
The Fengtian clique's Zhili Army was a Chinese Warlord Era fighting force that controlled the Republic of China's Zhili province from 1924 until 1928,with the exception of a few months in 1925/26. Not related to the Zhili clique,it instead originated as Fengtian Second Army and operated as part of the Fengtian clique's armed forces. It was led by two successive Fengtian warlords,Li Jinglin and Chu Yupu,who always followed the orders of Zhang Zuolin,the Fengtian clique's overall leader. Although the Zhili Army's quality declined after 1925,it distinguished itself in numerous battles until it was disbanded in 1928 after being defeated by the National Revolutionary Army in the Northern Expedition.
The Northern Expedition was a failed campaign by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom against the Qing dynasty during the Taiping Rebellion. Its purpose was to capture Beijing and then complete an encirclement of northern and western China. Launched in May 1853,the Northern Expedition would travel from Jiangsu to Zhili before being destroyed in early 1855.
Nanzhili,formerly romanized as Nan-chih-li and also known as South or Southern Zhili or Chih-li,was a historical province of the Ming Empire. Its capital was Nanjing,from which it is also sometimes known as Nanjing or Nanking Province. Nanzhili combined areas of the Yuan provinces of Henan Jiangbei and Jiangzhe and took its name—Chinese for "Southern Directly Administered Area"—from Nanjing's status as the Ming's national capital under the Hongwu Emperor and as the secondary capital after the Yongle Emperor's move to Beijing,which oversaw Beizhili or the Northern Directly Administered Area. During the early Qing Dynasty,Nanzhili was renamed Jiangnan and then divided into the separate provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui. Under the Republic and People's Republic of China,an area of Jiangsu also became the provincial-level municipality of Shanghai.
The National Pacification Army (NPA),also known as the Anguojun or Ankuochun,was a warlord coalition led by Fengtian clique General Zhang Zuolin,and was the military arm of the Beiyang government of the Republic of China during its existence.
