Paul Joseph James Martin

Paul Joseph James Martin
The Right Honourable ; Paul Joseph James Martin; PC, CC, QC
Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
	In office; 1975–1979
Prime Minister	Pierre Trudeau ; Joe Clark
Preceded by	Jake Warren
Succeeded by	Jean Casselman Wadds
Senator for Windsor-Walkerville, Ontario
	In office; April 20, 1968 –October 30, 1974
Appointed by	Pierre Trudeau
12th Secretary of State for External Affairs
	In office; April 22, 1963 –April 19, 1968
Prime Minister	Lester Pearson
Preceded by	Howard Charles Green
Succeeded by	Mitchell Sharp
Member of the Canadian Parliament ; for Essex East
	In office; October 14, 1935 –April 19, 1968
Preceded by	Raymond Morand
Succeeded by	Riding was abolished in 1966
Personal details
Born	Joseph James Guillaume Paul Martin; June 23, 1903; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Died	September 14, 1992 (aged 89); Windsor, Ontario, Canada
Political party	Liberal
Spouse(s)	Eleanor Alice "Nelly" Adams(m. 1937)
Children	2, including Paul Martin
Alma mater	University of Toronto ; Osgoode Hall Law School ; Graduate Institute of International Studies
Occupation	Diplomat, lecturer, barrister, lawyer

Last updated May 01, 2019

Joseph James Guillaume Paul Martin,^[1]^[2] PC CC QC (June 23, 1903 – September 14, 1992), often referred to as Paul Martin, Sr, was a noted Canadian politician and diplomat. He was the father of Paul Martin, who served as 21st Prime Minister of Canada from 2003–2006.

The Queen's Privy Council for Canada, sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council, is the full group of personal consultants to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Responsible government, though, requires the sovereign or her viceroy, the Governor General of Canada, to almost always follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected Members of Parliament. Those summoned to the QPC are appointed for life by the governor general as directed by the Prime Minister of Canada, meaning that the group is composed predominantly of former cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Those in the council are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.

The Order of Canada is a Canadian national order and the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada. It comes second only to membership in the Order of Merit, which is the personal gift of Canada's monarch.

A Queen's Counsel, or King's Counsel during the reign of a king, is an eminent lawyer who is appointed by the monarch to be one of "Her Majesty's Counsel learned in the law." The term is recognised as an honorific. The position exists in some Commonwealth jurisdictions around the world, but other Commonwealth countries have either abolished the position, or re-named it to eliminate monarchical connotations, such as "Senior Counsel" or "Senior Advocate". Queen's Counsel is an office, conferred by the Crown, that is recognised by courts. Members have the privilege of sitting within the bar of court.

Early life

Martin was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of Lumina (née Chouinard) and Joseph Philippe Ernest Martin.^[1] His Irish Catholic paternal grandfather's family immigrated from County Mayo, and his mother and paternal grandmother were French Canadian with deep roots in the country.^[1]^[3]

Ottawa Federal capital city in Ontario, Canada

Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec; the two form the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). As of 2016, Ottawa had a city population of 934,243 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth-largest city and the fifth-largest CMA in Canada.

Ontario is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province accounting for 38.3 percent of the country's population, and is the second-largest province in total area. Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included. It is home to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, and the nation's most populous city, Toronto, which is also Ontario's provincial capital.

County Mayo is a county in Ireland. In the West of Ireland, in the province of Connacht, it is named after the village of Mayo, now generally known as Mayo Abbey. Mayo County Council is the local authority. The population was 130,507 at the 2016 census. The boundaries of the county, which was formed in 1585, reflect the Mac William Íochtar lordship at that time.

Martin contracted polio in 1907.^[4] Martin was raised in Pembroke, Ontario, in the Ottawa River Valley, although he attended high school at Collège Saint-Alexandre in Gatineau, Quebec. He completed his university education at the University of Toronto, and earned his law degree from Osgoode Hall Law School. Later, Martin studied at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, on a scholarship.

Pembroke is a city in Ontario, Canada at the confluence of the Muskrat River and the Ottawa River in the Ottawa Valley. Pembroke is the location of the administrative headquarters of Renfrew County, though the city itself is politically independent. It is 150 kilometres northwest of Ottawa.

Collège Saint-Alexandre is a private secondary school located in Gatineau, in the Outaouais region, in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is located on Rue Saint-Louis in the Gatineau sector in the Limbour neighbourhood.

Gatineau is a city in western Quebec, Canada. It is the fourth-largest city in the province after Montreal, Quebec City, and Laval. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, immediately across from Ottawa, together with which it forms Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2016, Gatineau had a population of 276,245, and a metropolitan population of 332,057. The Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area had a population of 1,323,783.

Martin later opened a law practice in Windsor, Ontario.

Windsor is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, situated on the south bank of the Detroit River directly across from Detroit, Michigan. Located in Essex County, it is the southernmost city in Canada and marks the southwestern end of the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city's population was 217,188 at the 2016 census, making it the third-most populated city in Southwestern Ontario after London and Kitchener. The Detroit–Windsor urban area is North America's most populous transborder conurbation, and the Ambassador Bridge border crossing is the busiest commercial crossing on the Canada–United States border.

Politics

MP

A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, he was first elected to the House of Commons in 1935 and entered the cabinet in 1945. He went on to serve as a noted member of the cabinets of four Prime Ministers: William Lyon Mackenzie King, Louis St. Laurent, Lester B. Pearson and Pierre Trudeau.

The Liberal Party of Canada is the oldest and longest-serving governing political party in Canada. The Liberals form the current government, elected in 2015. The party has dominated federal politics for much of Canada's history, holding power for almost 69 years in the 20th century—more than any other party in a developed country—and as a result, it is sometimes referred to as Canada's "natural governing party".

The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons currently meets in a temporary Commons chamber in the West Block of the parliament buildings on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, while the Centre Block, which houses the traditional Commons chamber, undergoes a ten-year renovation.

The Cabinet of Canada is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is a committee of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and ministry often being co-terminal; as of November 2015 there are no members of the latter who are not also members of the former.

Martin was viewed as one of the most left-wing members of the Liberal cabinet, and as Minister of National Health and Welfare from 1946 to 1957 he played an important role in the fight against polio and overseeing the creation of hospital insurance in Canada, and is sometimes recognized as a father of medicare. Martin served as Secretary of State for External Affairs in the Pearson government, and was instrumental in the acquisition of U.S. nuclear weapons for Canadian Forces.^[5]

Several individuals have been described as the father of medicare in Canada. Medicare is the country's publicly funded health system.

Hon. Paul Martin (left) and Rt. Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King attending the opening session of the United Nations General Assembly, 23 October 1946 Paul Martin with Mackenzie King.jpg — Hon. Paul Martin (left) and Rt. Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King attending the opening session of the United Nations General Assembly, 23 October 1946

Liberal leadership bids

He ran for the Liberal leadership three times, in 1948, in 1958 and 1968, but was defeated at all three Liberal leadership conventions, first by Louis St. Laurent, then by Lester B. Pearson, then by Pierre Trudeau.

Senator and beyond

Trudeau appointed him to the Senate in 1968. He served as Leader of the Government in the Senate until 1974 when he was appointed High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. He also served as Chancellor of Wilfrid Laurier University from 1972–1977, as a result of which the university named the Paul Martin Centre in his honour. Until his death Paul Martin was an Adjunct Professor of Political Science at the University of Windsor.

His two volume memoirs, A Very Public Life, was published in 1983 (ISBN 0888790929) and 1986 (OCLC 165756245 A very public life: So many worlds Volume 2 of A very public life at Google Books).

Honours

In 1976 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. In recognition of his accomplishments, Martin was granted the right to use the honorific Right Honourable in 1992, a rare honour for one who has never been Prime Minister, Governor-General or Chief Justice of Canada.

The University of Windsor has a Paul Martin Chair in law and political science, recently held by former Manitoba Premier Howard Pawley (until his retirement from the University of Windsor), and the Paul Martin Law Library. The City of Windsor had also renamed their "Post Office Building" the Paul Martin Sr. Building in his honour on November 18, 1994.

Honorary Degrees

Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia (LL.D) in 1950^[6]
University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia (LL.D) on June 2, 1966^[7]
Algonquin College in Pembroke, Ontario on June 16, 2017^[8]

Electoral record

Essex East

Canadian federal election, 1935
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	MARTIN, Paul	7,562	39.25	-4.31
	Conservative	MORAND, Hon. Raymond D.	6,493	33.71	-22.73
	Co-operative Commonwealth	LEVERT, Joseph Ben	4,106	21.32
	Reconstruction	MCPHARLIN, J. Gabriel	1,102	5.72
Total valid votes			19,263	100.00

Canadian federal election, 1940
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	MARTIN, Paul	9,811	46.39	+7.14
	National Government	MORAND, Hon. Raymond D.	8,060	38.11	+4.40
	Co-operative Commonwealth	LEVERT, Joseph Ben	2,879	13.62	-7.70
	Canadian Labour	HICKS, Roy Robert	398	1.88
Total valid votes			21,148	100.00

Canadian federal election, 1945
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	MARTIN, Hon. Paul	16,165	56.21	+9.82
	Progressive Conservative	BYRNE, James E.	8,244	28.67	-9.44
	Co-operative Commonwealth	MACDONALD, William C.	4,349	15.12	+1.50
Total valid votes			28,758	100.00

Canadian federal election, 1949
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	MARTIN, Hon. Paul	16,709	52.89	-3.32
	Progressive Conservative	TURNBULL, James Russell	8,204	25.97	-2.70
	Co-operative Commonwealth	RIGGS, William Charles	5,213	16.50	+1.38
	Labor–Progressive	PRINCE, Cyril	1,464	4.64
Total valid votes			31,590	100.00

Canadian federal election, 1953
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	MARTIN, Hon. Paul	19,946	67.16	+14.27
	Progressive Conservative	KENNEDY, Aloysius	5,530	18.62	-7.35
	Co-operative Commonwealth	OWEN, Kenneth Edwin	3,013	10.14	-6.36
	Labor–Progressive	KENNEDY, Michael J.	1,212	4.08	-0.56
Total valid votes			29,701	100.00

Canadian federal election, 1957
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	MARTIN, Hon. Paul	22,023	57.15	-10.01
	Progressive Conservative	HICKS, Roy R.	10,593	27.49	+8.87
	Co-operative Commonwealth	METEER, Jack	5,917	15.36	+5.22
Total valid votes			38,533	100.00

Canadian federal election, 1958
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	MARTIN, Hon. Paul	18,074	41.98	-15.17
	Progressive Conservative	HICKS, Roy R.	16,451	38.21	+10.72
	Co-operative Commonwealth	BURR, Fred A.	8,530	19.81	+4.45
Total valid votes			43,055	100.00

Canadian federal election, 1962
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	MARTIN, Hon. Paul	24,969	58.69	+16.71
	New Democratic	DRURY, George	8,888	20.89	+1.08
	Progressive Conservative	DEMERS, Roland Lionel	8,210	19.30	-18.91
	Social Credit	CORY, T.R.	476	1.12
Total valid votes			42,543	100.00

Canadian federal election, 1963
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	MARTIN, Hon. Paul	25,727	59.82	+1.13
	Progressive Conservative	GOURLIE, David	8,894	20.68	+1.38
	New Democratic	MCCONVILLE, Hugh	7,648	17.78	-3.11
	Social Credit	GIGNAC, Frank	740	1.72	+0.60
Total valid votes			43,009	100.00

Canadian federal election, 1965
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	MARTIN, Hon. Paul	26,094	63.78	+3.96
	Progressive Conservative	GOURLIE, David	8,142	19.90	-0.78
	New Democratic	MCCONVILLE, Hugh	6,133	14.99	-2.79
	Communist	MAGNUSON, Bruce A.H.	543	1.33
Total valid votes			40,912	100.00

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References

1 2 3 Martin, Paul (1983). A Very Public Life: Far from home. Deneau. p. 2. ISBN 0-88879-092-9.
↑ http://www.international.gc.ca/department/history-histoire/hp_search_results-en.asp?frm=person&lan=1&prsnid=890
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-11-07. Retrieved 2009-11-05.
↑ Disabled World ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
↑ Clearwater, J. "Canadian Nuclear Weapons.", Chapter 1. Dundurn Press, 1998.
↑ http://www.convocation.dal.ca/history/08_honorary.html
↑ http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/hdcites/hdcites6.html
↑ http://www.algonquincollege.com/pembroke/files/2017/02/Media-Release-Prime-Minister-Martin-Speaks-at-Convocation-February-2017-Final.pdf

External links

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[bookref1-1] 1 2 3 Martin, Paul (1983). A Very Public Life: Far from home. Deneau. p. 2. ISBN 0-88879-092-9.

[2] ttp://www.international.gc.ca/department/history-histoire/hp_search_results-en.asp?frm=person&lan=1&prsnid=890

[3] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-11-07. Retrieved 2009-11-05.

[4] Disabled World ^{[ permanent dead link ]}

[5] Clearwater, J. "Canadian Nuclear Weapons.", Chapter 1. Dundurn Press, 1998.

[6] ttp://www.convocation.dal.ca/history/08_honorary.html

[7] ttp://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/hdcites/hdcites6.html

[8] ttp://www.algonquincollege.com/pembroke/files/2017/02/Media-Release-Prime-Minister-Martin-Speaks-at-Convocation-February-2017-Final.pdf