Philadelphia (film)

Last updated

Philadelphia
Philadelphia imp.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by Jonathan Demme
Written by Ron Nyswaner
Produced by
Starring
Cinematography Tak Fujimoto
Edited by Craig McKay
Music by Howard Shore
Production
company
Clinica Estetico Productions
Distributed by TriStar Pictures
Release dates
  • December 14, 1993 (1993-12-14)(Los Angeles)
  • December 22, 1993 (1993-12-22)(United States)
Running time
126 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$26 million
Box office$206.7 million [1]

Philadelphia is a 1993 American legal drama film directed and produced by Jonathan Demme, written by Ron Nyswaner, and starring Tom Hanks and Denzel Washington. [2] Filmed on location in its namesake city, it tells the story of attorney Andrew Beckett (Hanks) who comes to ask a personal injury attorney, Joe Miller (Washington), to help him sue his former employer, who fired him after discovering he was gay and that he had AIDS. The cast also features Jason Robards, Mary Steenburgen, Antonio Banderas, and Joanne Woodward.

Contents

Philadelphia is notable for being one of the first mainstream Hollywood films not only to explicitly address HIV/AIDS and homophobia, but also to portray gay people in a positive light. It premiered in Los Angeles on December 14, 1993 in a benefit for the AIDS Project, and opened in limited release on December 22, before expanding into wide release on January 14, 1994. It grossed $206.7 million worldwide, becoming the 9th highest-grossing film of 1993. [3]

The film was positively received by critics for its screenplay and the performances of Hanks and Washington. For his performance as Andrew Beckett, Hanks won Best Actor at the 66th Academy Awards, while the song "Streets of Philadelphia" by Bruce Springsteen won Best Original Song. Nyswaner was also nominated for the Best Original Screenplay, but lost to Jane Campion for The Piano.

Plot

Andrew Beckett is a senior associate at the largest corporate law firm in Philadelphia. He conceals his homosexuality and his status as an AIDS patient from others in the office. A partner in the firm notices a lesion on Beckett's forehead. Although Beckett attributes the lesion to a racquetball injury, it indicates Kaposi's sarcoma, an AIDS-defining condition.

Beckett stays home from work for several days to try to find a way to hide his lesions. He finishes the paperwork for a case he has been assigned and brings it to his office, leaving instructions for his assistants to file it the following day, which marks the end of the statute of limitations for the case. The next day, he receives a call asking for the paperwork, as it cannot be found and there are no copies on the computer's hard drive. The paperwork is finally located in an alternative location and is filed with the court at the last moment. Beckett is called to a meeting the morning afterwards where the firm's partners dismiss him.

Beckett believes someone deliberately hid the paperwork to give the firm an excuse to fire him and that the termination is a result of his AIDS status and his sexuality. He asks ten attorneys to take his case, the last of whom is African-American personal injury lawyer Joe Miller, whom Beckett previously opposed in a different case. Miller appears uncomfortable that a man with AIDS is in his office. After declining to take the case, Miller immediately visits his doctor to find out if he could have contracted the disease. The doctor explains that the routes of HIV infection do not include casual contact.

Unable to find a lawyer willing to represent him, Beckett is compelled to act as his own attorney. While conducting research at a law library, Miller sees Beckett at a nearby table. A librarian approaches Beckett and says that he has found a case of AIDS discrimination for him. As others in the library begin to stare uneasily, the librarian suggests Beckett go to a private room. Seeing parallels in racial discrimination he has experienced, Miller approaches Beckett, reviews the material he has gathered, and agrees to take the case.

As the case goes to trial, the partners of the firm take the stand, each claiming that Beckett was incompetent and that he had deliberately tried to hide his condition. The defense repeatedly point out Beckett brought AIDS upon himself via willing gay sex with strangers and is therefore not a victim. It is revealed that the partner who noticed Beckett's lesion, Walter Kenton, previously worked with a woman who contracted AIDS after a blood transfusion and thus he should have recognized the lesion as being a symptom of an AIDS-related illness. According to Kenton, the woman was an innocent victim, unlike Beckett, and he further testifies that he did not recognize Beckett's lesion. To prove that the lesions would have been visible, Miller asks Beckett to unbutton his shirt while on the witness stand, revealing that his lesions are indeed visible and recognizable as such. Throughout the trial, Miller's homophobia slowly disappears as he and Beckett bond from working together.

Beckett collapses and is hospitalized after Charles Wheeler, the partner he most admired, testifies against him. Another partner, Bob Seidman, confesses that he suspected Beckett had AIDS but never told anyone and refused to let him discuss it, which he deeply regrets. During Beckett's hospital stay, the jury votes in his favor, awarding him back pay, damages for pain and suffering, and punitive damages, totaling over $5 million. Miller visits the visibly failing Beckett in the hospital after the verdict and overcomes his fear enough to touch Beckett's face. After the family leaves the room, Beckett tells his lover Miguel Alvarez that he is "ready". At the Miller home later that night, Miller and his wife are awakened by a phone call from Miguel, who tells them that Beckett has died. A memorial is held at Beckett's home, where many mourners, including Miller and his family, view home movies of Beckett as a happy child.

Cast

Inspiration

The events in the film are similar to the events in the lives of attorneys Geoffrey Bowers and Clarence Cain. Bowers was an attorney who, in 1987, sued the law firm Baker McKenzie for wrongful dismissal in one of the first AIDS discrimination cases. Cain was an attorney for Hyatt Legal Services who was fired after his employer found out he had AIDS. He sued Hyatt in 1990, and won just before his death. [4]

In 1994, shortly after the film's release, Scott Burr, a former attorney with the Philadelphia firm of Kohn, Nast and Graf, sued his previous employer for illegally terminating him upon finding out that he was HIV positive. Like the defendants in the film, the firm claimed that it fired him for incompetence without knowing about his health. The parties settled the lawsuit for an undisclosed amount after three weeks of trial. [5] Burr continued to practice law prior to his death in 2020. [6]

Controversy

Bowers's family sued the writers and producers of the film. A year after Bowers's death in 1987, a producer, Scott Rudin, had interviewed the Bowers family and their lawyers, and, according to the family, promised compensation for the use of Bowers's story as a basis for a film. Family members asserted that 54 scenes in the movie were so similar to events in Bowers's life that some of them could only have come from their interviews. However, the defense said that Rudin had abandoned the project after hiring a writer and did not share any information the family had provided. [7] The lawsuit was settled after five days of testimony. Although terms of the agreement were not released, the defendants did admit that "the film 'was inspired in part'" by Bowers' story. [8]

Production

Casting

Daniel Day-Lewis was offered the role of Andrew Beckett but turned it down, as he was already committed to In the Name of the Father. [9] [10] [11] [12] Andy García was briefly attached. [9] Matthew Modine and William Baldwin were both considered. [9]

Bill Murray, William Hurt, Robin Williams, Nick Nolte, and Tim Robbins were considered for the role of Joe Miller. [9] [13] [14]

John Leguizamo was offered the role of Miguel Álvarez, but turned it down to play Luigi in the film Super Mario Bros. [15]

In an interview with The New York Times in June 2022, Tom Hanks said that the film would not get made nowadays with a straight actor in a gay role, stating audiences wouldn't "accept the inauthenticity of a straight guy playing a gay guy". [16] Hanks added that that was "rightly so", stating "One of the reasons people weren't afraid of that movie is that I was playing a gay man".

TriStar Pictures initially refused to insure actor Ron Vawter, who was openly HIV-positive at the time, insisting Jonathan Demme recast him. [17] Demme refused, even changing the shooting schedule to accommodate Vawter after he was hospitalized for a month. [17] Vawter died of complications from AIDS less than five months after the film's premiere. [9] The American Film Institute notes that of some 53 AIDS-positive actors who appeared in the film, 43 (including Vawter) died within a year of its release. [9]

Filming

The film was shot in-sequence (chronological order), as Hanks had to gradually lose weight over the course of the film, and to help the actor follow a clear emotional trajectory. [9] Filming took place on-location in Philadelphia, with the courtroom scenes shot at City Hall. Other locations included the University of Pennsylvania library, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Spectrum arena. [9]

Release

Theatrical release

Philadelphia premiered in Los Angeles on December 14, 1993 and opened in limited release in four theaters on December 22, before expanding into wide release on January 14, 1994. [9] [18] The Los Angeles premiere was a benefit for AIDS Project Los Angeles, which netted $250,000 APLA Chair Steve Tisch told the Los Angeles Times. [19]

The film was the first Hollywood big-budget, big-star film to tackle the issue of AIDS in the United States (following the television film And the Band Played On ) and signaled a shift in Hollywood films toward more realistic depictions of people in the LGBT community. [20] [21] According to a Tom Hanks interview for the 1995 documentary The Celluloid Closet , he was cast in the role due to his non-intimidating screen persona in order to allow for audiences to sympathize with a gay, HIV-positive character. However, scenes showing more affection between him and Banderas were cut, including one with him and Banderas in bed together. The DVD edition, produced by Automat Pictures, includes this scene. [22] According to Jonathan Demme, the scene was cut for pacing. [9]

Home media

Philadelphia was released on VHS on June 29, 1994 [23] and on DVD on September 10, 1997. [24] Philadelphia was later released as a limited edition Blu-ray through Twilight Time on May 14, 2013. [24] In conjunction with the film's 25th anniversary, the film was released on 4K Blu-Ray on November 27, 2018. [25]

The screenplay was also republished in a novelization by writer Christopher Davis in 1994. [26]

Reception

Box office

Philadelphia was originally released on December 22, 1993, in a limited opening of only four theaters, and had a weekend gross of $143,433 with an average of $35,858 per theater. The film expanded its release on January 14, 1994, to 1,245 theaters and went to number one at the US box office, grossing $13.8 million over the 4-day Martin Luther King Jr. Day weekend, averaging $11,098 per theater. The film stayed at number 1 the following weekend, earning another $8.8  million.

In its 14th weekend, the weekend after the Oscars, the film expanded to 888 theaters, and saw its gross increase by 70 percent, making $1.9  million and jumping from number 15 the previous weekend (when it made $1.1  million from 673 theaters), to return to the top ten ranking at number 8 that weekend.

Philadelphia eventually grossed $77.4 million in North America and $129.2 million overseas for a total of $206.7 million worldwide against a budget of $26 million, making it a significant box office success, and becoming the 12th highest-grossing film in the U.S. of 1993. [1]

Critical response

On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Philadelphia holds an approval rating of 81% based on 62 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Philadelphia indulges in some unfortunate clichés in its quest to impart a meaningful message, but its stellar cast and sensitive direction are more than enough to compensate." [27] Metacritic gave the film a weighted average score of 66 out of 100, based on 21 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". [28] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. [29]

In a contemporary review for the Chicago Sun-Times , Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half out of four stars and said that it is "quite a good film, on its own terms. And for moviegoers with an antipathy to AIDS but an enthusiasm for stars like Tom Hanks and Denzel Washington, it may help to broaden understanding of the disease. It's a ground-breaker like Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), the first major film about an interracial romance; it uses the chemistry of popular stars in a reliable genre to sidestep what looks like controversy." [30]

Christopher Matthews from the Seattle Post-Intelligencer wrote "Jonathan Demme's long-awaited Philadelphia is so expertly acted, well-meaning and gutsy that you find yourself constantly pulling for it to be the definitive AIDS movie." [31] James Berardinelli from ReelViews wrote "The story is timely and powerful, and the performances of Hanks and Washington assure that the characters will not immediately vanish into obscurity." [31] Rita Kempley from The Washington Post wrote "It's less like a film by Demme than the best of Frank Capra. It is not just canny, corny and blatantly patriotic, but compassionate, compelling and emotionally devastating." [31]

Year-end lists

Accolades

AwardCategoryRecipient(s)Result
20/20 AwardsBest PictureNominated
Best Director Jonathan Demme
Best Actor Tom Hanks Won
Best Original Screenplay Ron Nyswaner Nominated
Best Original Song"Philadelphia"
Music and Lyrics by Neil Young
"Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen 		Won
Academy Awards [36] Best Actor Tom Hanks
Best Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen Ron NyswanerNominated
Best Makeup Carl Fullerton and Alan D'Angerio
Best Original Song "Philadelphia"
Music and Lyrics by Neil Young
"Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen		Won
ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards Top Box Office Films Howard Shore
Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures"Streets of Philadelphia" – Bruce Springsteen
Artios Awards [37] Outstanding Achievement in Feature Film Casting – Drama Howard Feuer Nominated
Awards Circuit Community AwardsBest Motion PictureJonathan Demme and Edward Saxon Won
Best DirectorJonathan DemmeNominated
Best Actor in a Leading RoleTom HanksWon
Denzel Washington Nominated
Best Original ScreenplayRon NyswanerWon
Best Makeup & HairstylingCarl Fullerton and Alan D'Angerio
Best Cast Ensemble
British Academy Film Awards [38] Best Original Screenplay Ron NyswanerNominated
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards [39] Best Director Jonathan Demme
Best Actor Tom Hanks
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards Best Film
Best Actor
GLAAD Media Awards Outstanding Film Won
Golden Globe Awards [40] Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Tom Hanks
Best Screenplay – Motion Picture Ron NyswanerNominated
Best Original Song – Motion Picture "Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen		Won
Golden Screen Awards Golden Screen
Grammy Awards [41] Record of the Year "Streets of Philadelphia" – Bruce SpringsteenNominated
Song of the Year Won
Best Male Rock Vocal Performance
Best Rock Song
Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television
MTV Movie Awards Best Movie Nominated
Best Male Performance Tom HanksWon
Best On-Screen Team Tom Hanks and Denzel WashingtonNominated
Best Song from a Movie Bruce Springsteen – "Streets of Philadelphia"
MTV Video Music Awards Best Video from a Film Won
National Board of Review Awards [42] Top Ten Films 7th Place
Political Film Society Awards Human Rights Nominated
Turkish Film Critics Association Awards Best Foreign Film16th Place
Writers Guild of America Awards [43] Best Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen Ron NyswanerNominated

American Film Institute

Soundtrack

Philadelphia
Soundtrack album by
various artists
ReleasedJanuary 1994
Recorded1993
Length40:34
Label Epic Soundtrax
Producer
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
NME 7/10 [47]

A soundtrack album was released in January 1994, by Epic Soundtrax containing the main music featured in the film. [48]

Track listing

No.TitleArtist(s)Length
1."Streets of Philadelphia" Bruce Springsteen 3:56
2."Lovetown" Peter Gabriel 5:29
3."It's in Your Eyes"Pauletta Washington3:46
4."Ibo Lele (Dreams Come True)" RAM 4:15
5."Please Send Me Someone to Love" Sade 3:44
6."Have You Ever Seen the Rain?" Spin Doctors 2:41
7."I Don't Wanna Talk About It" Indigo Girls 3:41
8."La mamma morta" (From the Opera Andrea Chénier ) Maria Callas 4:53
9."Philadelphia" Neil Young 4:06
10."Precedent" Howard Shore 4:03

The album was re-released in 2008 in France only as a CD/DVD combo pack with the film itself, containing the same track listing (catalogue number 88697 322052 under both Sony BMG Music Entertainment and Sony Classical labels).[ citation needed ] The director originally contacted Neil Young to record a rock anthem to open the film, but after viewing a cut of it, Young was inspired to write a slow and quiet ballad instead. Demme decided Young's song would be more appropriate for the ending of the film, so he approached Bruce Springsteen to write an anthem. Springsteen viewed the opening montage, which at the time featured Neil Young's "Southern Man" as the temp track, but like Young he was inspired to create something quieter, in this case a beat-driven recording that became "Streets of Philadelphia." However, Springsteen's first contribution, "Tunnel of Love," was rejected by Demme [31] even though Springsteen knew it was not what Demme originally wanted, he sent it to him anyway. When Demme and his wife were moved by the recording, she advised him that it was likely the direction he should be going and he agreed. [49]

Certifications and sales

Certifications and sales for Philadelphia
RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA) [69] Gold35,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria) [70] Platinum50,000*
Belgium (BEA) [71] Platinum50,000*
Canada (Music Canada) [72] 3× Platinum300,000^
France (SNEP) [73] 2× Gold200,000*
Germany (BVMI) [74] Gold400,000 [75]
Spain (PROMUSICAE) [76] Platinum100,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) [77] Platinum50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI) [78] Gold100,000^
United States (RIAA) [79] Platinum1,160,000 [80]
Summaries
Europe (IFPI) [81] Platinum1,000,000*

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonathan Demme</span> American filmmaker (1944–2017)

Robert Jonathan Demme was an American filmmaker, whose career directing, producing, and screenwriting spanned more than 30 years and 70 feature films, documentaries, and television productions. He was an Academy Award and a Directors Guild of America Award winner, and received nominations for a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, and three Independent Spirit Awards.

<i>Reality Bites</i> 1994 film by Ben Stiller

Reality Bites is a 1994 American romantic comedy-drama film written by Helen Childress and directed by Ben Stiller in his feature directorial debut. It stars Winona Ryder, Ethan Hawke, and Stiller, with supporting roles by Janeane Garofalo and Steve Zahn. In the film, Lelaina (Ryder), an aspiring videographer, works on a documentary about the disenchanted lives of her friends and roommates.

<i>The Crow: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</i> 1994 soundtrack album by various artists

The soundtrack to the superhero film The Crow was released in 1994.

<i>A Kind of Magic</i> 1986 studio album by Queen

A Kind of Magic is the twelfth studio album by the British rock band Queen, released on 2 June 1986 by EMI Records in the UK and by Capitol Records in the US. It is based on the soundtrack to the film Highlander, directed by Russell Mulcahy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kyo (band)</span> French pop rock band

Kyo is a French rock band with lead vocals by Benoît Poher. The band was first active from 1997 to 2005 with three albums Kyo (2000), Le Chemin (2003) and 300 Lésions (2004) and a string of singles. It announced a hiatus in 2005 without a definite break-up. In 2006, Kyo was involved in launching "L'Or de nos vies" written by Kyo and its lead singer Benoît Poher for the Fighting AIDS charity in 2006. Kyo launched a comeback in 2013 with the album L'équilibre and remains active.

Ron Vawter was an American actor and a founding member of the experimental theater company The Wooster Group. Vawter performed in most of the group's works until his death from a heart attack in 1994 at the age of 45.

<i>Pulp Fiction</i> (soundtrack) 1994 soundtrack album

Music from the Motion Picture Pulp Fiction is the soundtrack to Quentin Tarantino's 1994 film Pulp Fiction, released on September 27, 1994, by MCA Records. No traditional film score was commissioned for Pulp Fiction. The film contains a mix of American rock and roll, surf music, pop and soul. The soundtrack is equally untraditional, consisting of nine songs from the film, four tracks of dialogue snippets followed by a song, and three tracks of dialogue alone. Seven songs featured in the film were not included in the original 41-minute soundtrack.

<i>Top Gun</i> (soundtrack) 1986 soundtrack album by various artists

Top Gun is the soundtrack from the film of the same name, released in 1986 by Columbia Records.

<i>Ten Summoners Tales</i> 1993 studio album by Sting

Ten Summoner's Tales is the fourth solo studio album by English musician Sting. The title is a combined pun of his family name, Sumner, and a character in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, the summoner. Released in 1993, it explores themes of love and morality in a noticeably upbeat mood compared to his previous release, the introspective The Soul Cages released in 1991 after the loss of both his parents in the 1980s.

<i>Duets</i> (Frank Sinatra album) 1993 studio album by Frank Sinatra

Duets is an album by American singer Frank Sinatra, released in 1993. Recorded near the end of Sinatra's career, it consists of electronically assembled duets between Sinatra and younger singers from various genres. The album was a commercial success, debuting at No. 2 on the Billboard albums chart, reaching No. 5 in the UK, and selling over 3 million copies in the US. It is the only Sinatra album to date to achieve triple platinum certification.

<i>Duets II</i> (Frank Sinatra album) 1994 studio album by Frank Sinatra

Duets II is the fifty-ninth and final studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra. It was released in 1994, and was the sequel to the previous year's Duets. Phil Ramone and Hank Cattaneo produced the album and guest artists from various genres contributed their duet parts to Sinatra's already recorded vocals. Though not as commercially successful as Duets, it still rose to #9 on the Billboard albums chart and sold over 1 million copies in the U.S. It also peaked at #29 in the UK.

<i>Forrest Gump: The Soundtrack</i> 1994 soundtrack album by various artists

Forrest Gump: The Soundtrack is the soundtrack album for the 1994 Academy Award-winning Tom Hanks film Forrest Gump, and contains music from many well-known American artists. The score, composed by Alan Silvestri, was released separately on the same day. The album was reissued in 2001 with two additional tracks, namely "Running on Empty" by Jackson Browne and "Go Your Own Way" by Fleetwood Mac.

Francis John Miller is a Scottish rock singer-songwriter and actor.

<i>The Lion King</i> (1994 soundtrack) 1994 soundtrack album by Elton John and Hans Zimmer

The Lion King: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album for the eponymous Disney film. It contains songs from the film written by Elton John and Tim Rice, and a score composed by Hans Zimmer. Elton John has a dual role of performer for several tracks. Additional performers include Lebo M, Carmen Twillie, Jason Weaver, Rowan Atkinson, Joseph Williams, Whoopi Goldberg, Jeremy Irons, Cheech Marin, Jim Cummings, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, and Sally Dworsky. The album was released on May 31, 1994, on CD and audio cassette. The soundtrack was recorded in three different countries: the U.S., the U.K. and South Africa. It is the best-selling soundtrack album to an animated film in the United States with over 7 million copies sold, with 4,934,000 copies sold in 1994. Hans Zimmer was awarded an Academy Award for his Original Motion Picture Score in 1995. An expanded version of The Lion King soundtrack, featuring 30 minutes of previously unreleased material, was released as part of the Walt Disney Records: The Legacy Collection series on June 24, 2014. In 2014, Hot Topic released a vinyl picture disc of the soundtrack.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Streets of Philadelphia</span> 1994 single by Bruce Springsteen

"Streets of Philadelphia" is a song written and performed by American rock musician Bruce Springsteen for the 1993 film Philadelphia, starring Tom Hanks, an early mainstream film dealing with HIV/AIDS. Released as a single by Columbia Records in 1994, the song was a hit in many countries, including Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, and Norway, where it topped the singles charts. In the United States, the single peaked at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Springsteen's 12th and latest top-10 hit.

<i>The Piano</i> (soundtrack) 1993 soundtrack album by Michael Nyman

The Piano is the original soundtrack, on the Virgin Records label, of the 1993 Academy Award-winning film The Piano. The original score was composed by Michael Nyman and is his twentieth album release. Despite being called a "soundtrack", this is a partial score re-recording, as Nyman himself also performs the piano on the album. The music is performed by the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Nyman with Michael Nyman Band members John Harle, David Roach and Andrew Findon performing the prominent saxophone work.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tom Waits discography</span>

The discography of the American rock musician Tom Waits spans five decades. It consists of 17 studio albums, 3 live albums, 7 compilation albums, 23 singles, 2 soundtracks, and 1 box set. Waits has also released one video album and 16 music videos.

Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the Marvel Studios film Guardians of the Galaxy. Featuring the songs present on Peter Quill's mixtape in the film, the album was released by Hollywood Records on July 29, 2014. A separate film score album, Guardians of the Galaxy (Original Score), composed by Tyler Bates, was also released by Hollywood Records on the same date, along with a deluxe version featuring both albums. The soundtrack album reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, becoming the first soundtrack album in history consisting entirely of previously released songs to top the chart.

<i>Solo: A Star Wars Story</i> (soundtrack) 2018 soundtrack album by John Powell and John Williams

Solo: A Star Wars Story is the soundtrack album to the 2018 film of the same name directed by Ron Howard, which is the second instalment in the Star Wars anthology series. The score is composed by John Powell, with the Han Solo's theme conducted and composed by John Williams, whom he had collaborated for several Star Wars films, was included in the album. Williams further composed several demos, that were not included in the soundtrack but was released in the deluxe edition. Besides composing the original themes, Powell also incorporated Williams' music from Star Wars films.

The music for the historical fiction-romance streaming television series Bridgerton, on the novel series of the same name by Julia Quinn, features an orchestral and classical score composed and produced by Kris Bowers and orchestral covers of contemporary popular music, performed by Vitamin String Quartet, Dunno and Bowers himself. Both the soundtrack and covers were released in the course of the series' premiere, with the first season's album being distributed by Lakeshore Records and the second season, by Capitol Records. The music received critical acclaim.

References

  1. 1 2 "Philadelphia (1993)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  2. ↑ "Philadelphia". Turner Classic Movies . Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  3. ↑ "1993 Worldwide Box Office". Box Office Mojo . IMDb . Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  4. ↑ Blumenfeld, Laura (January 25, 1994). "The Ghost of 'Philadelphia'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 21, 2021.
  5. ↑ Fineman, Joshua. "HIV-positive lawyer explains case". The Daily Pennsylvanian.
  6. ↑ Preece, Allison (May 19, 2021). "LAWYER LIMELIGHT: ALAN EPSTEIN". LAWDRAGON.
  7. ↑ Pristin, Terry (March 11, 1996). "Philadelphia Screenplay Suit to Reach Court". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2008.
  8. ↑ "Philadelphia Makers Settle Suit". The New York Times. March 20, 1996. Archived from the original on March 17, 2008. Retrieved February 25, 2008.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Philadelphia". AFI Catalog. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
  10. ↑ Avery, Dave (November 4, 2013). "'Philadelphia' Screenwriter Ron Nyswaner On How The Movie Got Made, Who Passed On It, And More". NewNextNow. Archived from the original on November 7, 2013.
  11. ↑ "Daniel Day-Lewis: Hollywood's most wanted". The Independent. January 7, 2003. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018.
  12. ↑ Sharf, Zack (March 6, 2003). "'It Was a Disaster': Julia Roberts Quit 'Shakespeare in Love' After Awful Chemistry Reads and Cost the Studio $6 Million, Says Producer Ed Zwick". Variety .
  13. ↑ Evans, Bradford (February 17, 2011). "The Lost Roles of Bill Murray". Vulture. Archived from the original on October 5, 2021.
  14. ↑ Evans, Bradford (March 31, 2011). "The Lost Roles of Robin Williams". Vulture. Archived from the original on July 19, 2021.
  15. ↑ "John Leguizamo Turned Down Role of Tom Hanks' Lover in 'Philadelphia' for 'Super Mario Bros.'". Yahoo!. September 13, 2020. Archived from the original on August 29, 2021.
  16. ↑ "Tom Hanks says 'Philadelphia' wouldn't get made today with a straight actor in a gay role". CNN. June 16, 2022.
  17. 1 2 "Ron Vawter in Philadelphia speaks on AIDS". EW.com. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  18. ↑ Turan, Kenneth (December 22, 1993). "Movie Review: Bittersweet 'Philadelphia': Actors Deliver Strong Performances in Socially Conscious Film". Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  19. ↑ Higgins, Bill (December 16, 1993). "'Philadelphia' Moves the Masses". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  20. ↑ Quinn, Edward (1999). A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms. Checkmark Books. p. 10.
  21. ↑ Rothman, Clifford (January 1, 1995). "FILM; 'Philadelphia': Oscar Gives Way to Elegy". The New York Times . p. 9. Archived from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
  22. ↑ Philadelphia. Dir. Jonathan Demme. Perf. Tom Hanks, Denzel Washington. TriStar Pictures, 1993.
  23. ↑ McQueen, Max (June 11, 1994). "'Wayne's World 2' hurling your way on video". The Free Lance-Star. Archived from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021– via Google News Archive.
  24. 1 2 "Philadelphia DVD Release Date". DVDs Release Dates. Archived from the original on November 14, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  25. ↑ "Philadelphia 4K Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  26. ↑ Nelson, Emmanuel S. (2009). Encyclopedia of Contemporary LGBTQ Literature of the United States. Greenwood Press. pp. 169–171. ISBN   978-0-313-34859-4.
  27. ↑ "Philadelphia (1993)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
  28. ↑ "Philadelphia reviews". Metacritic . Archived from the original on July 21, 2020. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  29. ↑ "Find CinemaScore" (Type "Philadelphia" in the search box). CinemaScore. Archived from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  30. ↑ Ebert, Roger (January 14, 1994). "Philadelphia Movie Review & Film Summary (1994)". Chicago Sun-Times . Archived from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2014– via RogerEbert.com.
  31. 1 2 3 4 Ryll, Alexander. "Essential Gay Themed Films To Watch, Philadelphia". Gay Essential. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
  32. ↑ Craft, Dan (December 30, 1994). "Success, Failure and a Lot of In-between; Movies '94". The Pantagraph . p. B1.
  33. ↑ Vadeboncoeur, Joan (January 8, 1995). "Critically Acclaimed Best Movies of '94 Include Works from Tarantino, Burton, Demme, Redford, Disney and Speilberg". Syracuse Herald American (Final ed.). p. 16.
  34. ↑ King, Dennis (December 25, 1994). "SCREEN SAVERS In a Year of Faulty Epics, The Oddest Little Movies Made The Biggest Impact". Tulsa World (Final Home ed.). p. E1.
  35. ↑ Carlton, Bob (December 29, 1994). "It Was a Good Year at Movies". The Birmingham News . p. 12-01.
  36. ↑ "The 66th Academy Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. October 4, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
  37. ↑ "Nominees/Winners". Casting Society of America . Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  38. ↑ "Film in 1995". British Academy of Film and Television Arts . Retrieved July 2, 2017.
  39. ↑ "1988-2013 Award Winner Archives". Chicago Film Critics Association . January 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  40. ↑ "Philadelphia – Golden Globes". HFPA . Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  41. ↑ "1994 Grammy Award Winners". Grammy.com. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
  42. ↑ "1993 Award Winners". National Board of Review . Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  43. ↑ "Awards Winners". wga.org. Writers Guild of America. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
  44. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains" . Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  45. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers" . Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  46. ↑ https://www.discogs.com/release/638930-Various-Philadelphia-Music-From-The-Motion-Picture [ bare URL ]
  47. ↑ Dalton, Stephen (March 19, 1994). "Long Play". NME . p. 51. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  48. ↑ "SoundtrackINFO: Philadelphia Soundtrack". www.soundtrackinfo.com. Archived from the original on June 28, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  49. ↑ Kinos-Goodin, Jesse (April 26, 2017). "Jonathan Demme on how he got Bruce Springsteen and Neil Young on the Philadelphia soundtrack". CBC . Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  50. ↑ "Australiancharts.com – Soundtrack – Philadelphia". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  51. ↑ "Austriancharts.at – Soundtrack – Philadelphia" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  52. 1 2 "Ultratop.be – Soundtrack – Philadelphia" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  53. ↑ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 2441". RPM . Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  54. ↑ "Dutchcharts.nl – Soundtrack – Philadelphia" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  55. 1 2 "1994 in Review: Sale Charts" (PDF). Music & Media 1994 In Review. December 24, 1994. p. 12. Retrieved May 19, 2022– via World Radio History.
  56. ↑ "Offiziellecharts.de – Soundtrack – Philadelphia" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  57. ↑ "Charts.nz – Soundtrack – Philadelphia". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  58. ↑ "Norwegiancharts.com – Soundtrack – Philadelphia". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  59. ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – Soundtrack – Philadelphia". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  60. ↑ "Swisscharts.com – Soundtrack – Philadelphia". Hung Medien. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  61. ↑ "Soundtrack Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  62. ↑ "The ARIA Australian Top 100 Albums 1994". Australian Record Industry Association Ltd. Archived from the original on November 2, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  63. ↑ "Jahreshitparade Alben 1994". austriancharts.at (in German). Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  64. ↑ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 2686". RPM . Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  65. ↑ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts: 1994". GfK Entertainment (in German). offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  66. ↑ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1994". hitparade.ch (in German). Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  67. ↑ "Top 50 Compilation of 1994" (PDF). Music Week . January 14, 1995. p. 10. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  68. ↑ "Top Billboard 200 Albums – Year-End 1994". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 9, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  69. ↑ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 1994 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association . Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  70. ↑ "Austrian album certifications – Soundtrack – Philadelphia" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  71. ↑ "Ultratop − Goud en Platina – albums 2002". Ultratop. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  72. ↑ "Canadian album certifications – Various Artists – Philadelphia - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack". Music Canada . Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  73. ↑ "French album certifications – B.O.F. – Philadelphia" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique . Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  74. ↑ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (O.S.T. - Various; 'Philadelphia')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
  75. ↑ Spahr, Wolfganf (September 17, 1994). "Movie Soundtracks Start Moving Units In Germany" (PDF). Billboard . p. 55. ISSN   0006-2510 . Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  76. ↑ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. p. 937. ISBN   84-8048-639-2.
  77. ↑ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Philadelphia')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  78. ↑ "British album certifications – Soundtrack – Philadelphia". British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  79. ↑ "American album certifications – Soundtrack – Philadelphia". Recording Industry Association of America.
  80. ↑ Basham, David (February 7, 2002). "Got Charts?". Mtv. Archived from the original on January 21, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  81. ↑ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 1996". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry . Retrieved February 2, 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.