Political party strength in Washington (state)

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Washington ratified its constitution and held its first state elections in 1889, the year it was admitted to the union as a state. It established the positions of governor, lieutenant governor, Secretary of State, attorney general, state treasurer, state auditor, Commissioner of Public Lands, and Superintendent of Public Instruction. The position of insurance commissioner was legislatively established in 1907. All positions are elected to four-year terms, concurrent with presidential elections. Washington is one of three states that elects nine separate statewide officials, while six others elect ten.

Contents

The table also indicates the historical party composition in the State Senate, State House of Representatives, State delegation to the U.S. Senate, and State delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives. State senators are elected to four-year terms, with half elected every two years. State representatives are elected to two-year terms, and two from each of 49 legislative districts in separate elections.

While the U.S. state of Washington is considered a solidly Democratic state, it mainly elected Republican candidates during its first forty years of statehood. It currently holds the longest streak of Democratic governors in the nation, having last elected a Republican to the top executive office in 1980. [1] [2] [a] The office of auditor has been held continuously by Democrats since 1933, when the national wave for President Franklin Roosevelt swept the party into every statewide race and congressional district except the uncontested office of superintendent of public instruction. That position was made nonpartisan in 1940. At the presidential level, Washington is part of the "blue wall", having voted for all Democratic nominees since 1988.

Prior to statehood, the President of the United States appointed a territorial governor and secretary of state, who served as acting governor when the governor was absent from the state. The position of attorney general was established in 1887, and only one person held office before statehood. A non-voting delegate was elected to the House of Representatives.

The nine members of the Washington Supreme Court are also elected statewide to six-year terms but on a nonpartisan basis and are not listed here. However all members of the court are considered liberal-leaning, matching the state's overall electorate. [3] [4]

Voters do not register as members of political parties.

The tables below show the history of officeholders elected to statewide executive offices, the state legislature, and the U.S. Congress, as well as the winners of the state's electoral college votes.

For years in which a presidential election was held, the table indicates which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.

Washington Territory

The first territorial superintendent of public education was elected by the legislature in 1861 to a three-year term, but the position was disestablished after just one year. It was reestablished in 1871, elected by the legislature to a two-year term. [5] The superintendent was chair of the governor-appointed board of education, which met in the hometown of the superintendent in several cities around the state until statehood when the office remained in Olympia.

YearExecutive offices Territorial Legislature United States Congress
Governor [6] [7] Sec. of Territory [7] Attorney General Treasurer Auditor [8] Supt. of Pub. Inst. [5] Territorial Senate Territorial House Delegate
1853 Isaac Stevens (D) Charles H. Mason no such officeno such officeno such officeno such office[ ? ][ ? ] Columbia Lancaster (D)
1854William CockDaniel R. Bigelow [9]
1855 James Patton Anderson (D)
1856J. M. Walker
1857 Fayette McMullen (D)Henry R. Crosbie [10] Isaac Stevens (D)
1858David L. PhillipsUrban E. Hicks
1859 Richard D. Gholson (D)W. C. Rutledge
1860Henry M. McGillAndrew Jackson Moses
1861 William H. Wallace (R)Leander Jay Sharpe Turney (D) [11] [12] Uzal G. WarbassJames Clark HeadBenjamin C. Lippincott William H. Wallace (R)
1862 William Pickering (R)no such office
1863 Elwood Evans (D) [12] David L. PhillipsR. M. Walker George Edward Cole (D)
1864William Cock
1865Daniel R. Bigelow [9] Urban E. Hicks Arthur A. Denny (R)
1866 George Edward Cole (D)Benjamin F. Harned
1867 Marshall F. Moore (R)Ezra Leonard SmithJames Tilton Alvan Flanders (R)
1868Benjamin F. HarnedJohn M. Murphy
1869 Alvan Flanders (R) Selucius Garfielde (R)
1870 Edward S. Salomon (R)
1871James F. ScottHill HarmonJ. G. SparksNelson Rounds
1872 Elisha P. Ferry (R)Josiah H. MunsonN. S. Potter
1873Joseph C. ClementsJohn M. Murphy Obadiah B. McFadden (D)
1874 Henry G. Struve (R)Elisha Treat Gunn
1875Francis TarbellJohn R. Wheat Orange Jacobs (R)
1876
1877Thomas M. Reed (R)John Paul Judson
1878Nicholas Owings (R)
1879Jonathan S. Houghton Thomas Hurley Brents (R)
1880 William A. Newell (R)
1881Thomas N. FordCharles W. Wheeler
1882
1883Robert C. Kerr
1884 Watson C. Squire (R)
1885J. C. Lawrence Charles Stewart Voorhees (D)
1886William McMicken
1887 Eugene Semple (D) James B. Metcalfe (D)J. H. Morgan
1888John M. Murphy
1889 Miles Conway Moore (R)Oliver Cromwell WhiteFrank Irvin Blodgett John B. Allen (R)
Year Governor [6] [7] Sec. of Territory [7] Attorney General Treasurer Auditor [8] Supt. of Pub. Inst. [5] Territorial Senate Territorial House Delegate
Executive offices Territorial Legislature United States Congress

State of Washington

At statehood, the constitution established eight positions that would be elected statewide. The officials take office in the January following their election. The insurance commissioner was first elected in 1908.

YearExecutive offices [13] State Legislature United States Congress Electoral
votes
[14]
Governor [6] [15] Lt. Governor [16] Sec. of State [17] Attorney General [18] Treasurer [19] [20] Auditor [21] [8] Comm. of
Pub. Lands
[22] [23]
Insurance Comm. [24] Supt. of
Pub. Inst.
[25]
State Senate State House U.S. Senator
(Class I)
[26]
U.S. Senator
(Class III)
[27]
U.S.
House
1889 Elisha P. Ferry (R) Charles E. Laughton (R) Allan Weir (R) William Carey Jones (R)Addison Alexander
Lindsley (R)
Thomas M. Reed (R)William T. Forrest (R)no such officeRobert Bruce Bryan (R)34R, 1D61R, 8D, 1I John B. Allen (R) Watson C. Squire (R)1R
1890
189130R, 4D60R, 18D
1892 Harrison/
Reid (R)Red x.svg
1893 John McGraw (R) F. H. Luce (R) James Price (R)Orzo A. Bowen (R)Leban R. Grimes (R)Charles W. Bean (R)25R, 9D50R, 20D, 8Pvacant2R
1894
1895John E. Frost (R)26R, 5D, 3Pop54R, 20Pop, 4D John L. Wilson (R)
18962 – Bryan/
Sewall (D/SvR)Red x.svg
2 – Bryan/
Watson (Pop)Red x.svg
1897 John Rankin Rogers (Pop) Thurston Daniels (Pop) Will Jenkins (Pop) Patrick Henry Winston (Pop)Cyrus Wilber Young (Pop) Neal Cheetham (Pop)Robert Bridges (Pop)Frank J. Browne (Pop)15Pop, 13R, 4D, 2SvR [b] 45Pop, 12R, 11SvR, 10D George Turner (D)1D, 1SvR
1898
189915R, 12Pop, 7D [c] 68R, 9Pop, 1Cit Addison G. Foster (R)2R
1900 McKinley/
Roosevelt (R)Green check.svg
1901 John Rankin Rogers (D) [d] Henry McBride (R) Sam Nichols (R) [e] Wickliffe Stratton (R)C. W. Maynard (R)John D. Atkinson (R)S. A. Callvert (R)Robert Bruce Bryan (R)26R, 8D59R, 21D
Henry McBride (R) [f] vacant
1902
190333R, 9D80R, 14D Levi Ankeny (R)3R
1904 Roosevelt/
Fairbanks (R)Green check.svg
1905 Albert E. Mead (R) Charles E. Coon (R) John Atkinson (R)George G. Mills (R) Charles W. Clausen (R)E. W. Ross (R)38R, 4D90R, 4D Samuel H. Piles (R)
1906
190785R, 9D
1908 Taft/
Sherman (R)Green check.svg
1909 Samuel G. Cosgrove (R) [d] Marion E. Hay (R) Walter Bell (R)John G. Lewis (R)John H. Schively (R)Henry B. Dewey (R)39R, 3D88R, 6D Wesley Livsey Jones (R)
Marion E. Hay (R) [f] vacant Ithamar Howell (R) [d] [g]
1910
1911 William V. Tanner (R)38R, 4D84R, 13D Miles Poindexter (R)
1912 Roosevelt/
Johnson (Prog)Red x.svg
1913 Ernest Lister (D) [d] Louis F. Hart (R)Edward Meath (R) Clark V. Savidge (R) Herbert O. Fishback (R) Josephine Corliss Preston (R)27R, 9D, 6Prog49R, 29Prog, 19D Miles Poindexter (Prog)3R, 2Prog
1914
191529R, 7Prog, 6D79R, 13D, 5Prog Miles Poindexter (R)4R, 1D
1916 Wilson/
Marshall (D)Green check.svg
1917 William Watts
Sherman
(R)
37R, 5D83R, 14D
1918
1919 Louis F. Hart (R) [h] vacant Lindsay Levant Thompson (R)39R, 3D87R, 10D5R
1920 Jay Hinkle (R) [g] Harding/
Coolidge (R)Green check.svg
1921 William J. Coyle (R) Clifford L. Babcock (R)40R, 1D, 1FL94R, 2FL, 1D
1922
1923 John H. Dunbar (R)39R, 2FL, 1D84R, 9D, 4FL Clarence Dill (D)
4R, 1D
1924 Coolidge/
Dawes (R)Green check.svg
1925 Roland H. Hartley (R) W. Lon Johnson (R)W. G. Potts (R)40R, 2D92R, 5D
1926
192789R, 8D
1928 Hoover/
Curtis (R)Green check.svg
1929 John Arthur Gellatly (R) Charles W. Hinton (R)Noah D. Showalter (R)41R, 1D91R, 6D
1930
193190R, 7D
1932 Elijah S. Grammer (R) Roosevelt/
Garner (D)Green check.svg
1933 Clarence D. Martin (D) Victor Aloysius Meyers (D) Ernest Hutchinson (D) [d] Garrison Hamilton (D)Otto A. Case (D) Cliff Yelle (D)Albert C. Martin (D)William A. Sullivan (D)25D, 21R70D, 29R Homer Bone (D)6D
1934
193541D, 5R93D, 6R Lewis B. Schwellenbach (D)
1936
1937Phil H. Gallagher (D)Stanley F. Atwood (D)37D, 9R91D, 8R
1938 Belle Reeves (D) [d] [g]
193940D, 6R73D, 26R
1940 Roosevelt/
Wallace (D)Green check.svg
1941 Arthur B. Langlie (R) Smith Troy (D) Otto A. Case (D)Jack Taylor (D) Pearl Anderson Wanamaker (NP/D)37D, 9R68D, 31R Monrad Wallgren (D)
1942
194327D, 19R59D, 40R3D, 3R
1944 Roosevelt/
Truman (D)Green check.svg
1945 Monrad Wallgren (D) Russell H. Fluent (D) Otto A. Case (D)32D, 14R63D, 36R Hugh Mitchell (D) Warren Magnuson (D)4D, 2R
1946
194723R, 23D [i] 72R, 27D Harry P. Cain (R)5R, 1D
1948 Earl Coe (D) [g] Truman/
Barkley (D)Green check.svg
1949 Arthur B. Langlie (R)Tom Martin (D)Jack Taylor (D)27R, 19D67D, 32R4R, 2D
1950
195125D, 21R54D, 45R
1952 Eisenhower/
Nixon (R)Green check.svg
1953 Emmett T. Anderson (R) Don Eastvold (R)Charles R. Maybury (R)Otto A. Case (D)25R, 21D58R, 41D Henry M. Jackson (D)6R, 1D
1954
195524R, 22D50D, 49R
1956
1957 Albert Rosellini (D) John Cherberg (D) Victor Aloysius Meyers (D) John J. O'Connell (D)Tom Martin (D) Bert L. Cole (D) Lloyd J. Andrews (NP/R)31D, 15R56D, 43R
1958
195935D, 14R66D, 33R
1960 Nixon/
Lodge (R)Red x.svg
1961 Lee I. Kueckelhan (D)Louis Bruno (NP)36D, 13R60D, 39R5R, 2D
1962
196332D, 17R51D, 48R6R, 1D
1964 Johnson/
Humphrey (D)Green check.svg
1965 Daniel J. Evans (R) Lud Kramer (R) [e] Robert S. O'Brien (D) Robert V. Graham (D)60D, 39R5D, 2R
1966
196729D, 20R55R, 44D
1968 Humphrey/
Muskie (D)Red x.svg
1969 Slade Gorton (R) Karl Hermann (D)27D, 22R56R, 43D
1970
197129D, 20R51R, 48D6D, 1R
1972 Nixon/
Agnew (R)Green check.svg
1973 Frank Brouillet (NP/D)30D, 19R57D, 41R
1974
1975 Bruce Chapman (R) [g] 62D, 36R
1976 Ford/
Dole (R)Red x.svg
1977 Dixy Lee Ray (D) Richard G. Marquardt (R)5D, 2R
1978
197949D, 49R [j] 6D, 1R
1980 Reagan/
Bush (R)Green check.svg
1981 John Spellman (R) Ralph Munro (R) Ken Eikenberry (R)Brian Boyle (R)25R, 24D [k] 56R, 42D Slade Gorton (R)5D, 2R
198255R, 43D [l]
198326D, 23R54D, 44R Daniel J. Evans (R)5D, 3R
198453D, 45R
1985 Booth Gardner (D)27D, 22R
1986
198725D, 24R61D, 37R Brock Adams (D)
198825R, 24D [m] Dukakis/
Bentsen (D)Red x.svg
1989 Joel Pritchard (R) Dan Grimm (D) Judy Billings (NP/D) [e] 63D, 35R Slade Gorton (R)
1990
199158D, 40R
1992 Clinton/
Gore (D)Green check.svg
1993 Mike Lowry (D) Christine Gregoire (D) Brian Sonntag (D) Jennifer Belcher (D) Deborah Senn (D)28D, 21R65D, 33R Patty Murray (D)8D, 1R
1994
199525D, 24R61R, 37D [n] 7R, 2D
199662R, 36D [n]
1997 Gary Locke (D) Brad Owen (D) Mike Murphy (D) Terry Bergeson (NP/D)26R, 23D56R, 42D6R, 3D
199857R, 41D [o]
199927D, 23R49D, 49R [p] 5D, 4R
2000 Gore/
Lieberman (D)Red x.svg
2001 Sam Reed (R) Doug Sutherland (R) Mike Kreidler (D)25D, 24R Maria Cantwell (D)6D, 3R
200250D, 48R [q]
200325R, 24D52D, 46R
2004 Kerry/
Edwards (D)Red x.svg
2005 Christine Gregoire (D) Rob McKenna (R)26D, 23R55D, 43R
2006
200732D, 17R62D, 36R
200863D, 35R [r] Obama/
Biden (D)Green check.svg
2009 Jim McIntire (D) Peter J. Goldmark (D) Randy Dorn (NP/D)31D, 18R62D, 36R
201061D, 37R [o]
201127D, 22R56D, 42R5D, 4R
2012
2013 Jay Inslee (D) Kim Wyman (R) [e] Bob Ferguson (D) Troy Kelley (D)26D, 23R [s] 55D, 43R6D, 4R
201425D, 24R [o]
201525R, 24D [t] 51D, 47R
201650D, 48R [o] Clinton/
Kaine (D)Red x.svg
2017 Cyrus Habib (D) Duane Davidson (R) Pat McCarthy (D) Hilary Franz (D) Chris Reykdal (NP/D)
201825D, 24R [l] [t]
201928D, 21R [t] 57D, 41R7D, 3R
2020 Biden/
Harris (D)Green check.svg
2021 Denny Heck (D) Mike Pellicciotti (D)
2022 Steve Hobbs (D) [g]
202329D, 20R58D, 40R8D, 2R
2024 Harris/
Walz (D)Red x.svg
2025 Bob Ferguson (D) Nick Brown (D) Dave Upthegrove (D) Patty Kuderer (D)30D, 19R59D, 39R
Year Governor Lt. Governor Sec. of State Attorney
General
Treasurer Auditor Comm. of
Pub. Lands
Comm. of Ins. Supt. of
Pub. Inst.
State Senate State House U.S. Senator (Class I) U.S. Senator (Class III) U.S.
House
Electoral
votes
Executive offices State Legislature United States Congress
Key to party colors and abbreviations for members of the U.S. Congress and other politicians or officials
Alaskan Independence (AKIP)
Know Nothing (KN)
American Labor (AL)
Anti-Jacksonian (Anti-J)
National Republican (NR)
Anti-Administration (AA)
Anti-Masonic (Anti-M)
Conservative (Con)
Covenant (Cov)
Democratic (D)
Democratic–Farmer–Labor (DFL)
Democratic–NPL (D-NPL)
Dixiecrat (Dix),
States' Rights (SR)
Democratic-Republican (DR)
Farmer–Labor (FL)
Federalist (F)
Pro-Administration (PA)
Free Soil (FS)
Fusion (Fus)
Greenback (GB)
Independence (IPM)
Independent Democrat (ID)
Independent Republican (IR)
Jacksonian (J)
Liberal (Lib)
Libertarian (L)
National Union (NU)
Nonpartisan League (NPL)
Nullifier (N)
Opposition Northern (O)
Opposition Southern (O)
Populist (Pop)
Progressive (Prog)
Prohibition (Proh)
Readjuster (Rea)
Republican (R)
Silver (Sv)
Silver Republican (SvR)
Socialist (Soc)
Union (U)
Unconditional Union (UU)
Vermont Progressive (VP)
Whig (W)
Independent (I)
Nonpartisan (NP)
  1. This statistic includes only states; the District of Columbia has been controlled by elected Democrats since 1975.
  2. A coalition between Democrats, Populists, and Silver Republicans elected a Populist, W.H. Plummer, as President Pro Tempore, and organized the chamber. [28]
  3. A coalition between Democrats and Populists elected a Populist-turned-Democrat, Augustus High, as President Pro Tempore, and organized the chamber. [29]
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Died in office.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Resigned.
  6. 1 2 As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Initially appointed by Governor to fill vacancy; later elected in his own right.
  8. As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term, and was later elected in his own right.
  9. A coalition of Republicans and nine conservative Democrats elected a Republican President Pro Tempore, Victor Zednick. [30]
  10. A power-sharing agreement was negotiated, and co-Speakers from both parties were elected. All committees were co-chaired and evenly divided between the parties.
  11. A legislator switched parties from Democratic to Republican, giving the Republicans the majority.
  12. 1 2 A special election flipped a seat from the Republicans to the Democrats.
  13. A special election flipped a seat from the Democrats to the Republicans, flipping the chamber.
  14. 1 2 A legislator switched parties from Democratic to Republican.
  15. 1 2 3 4 A special election flipped a seat from the Democrats to the Republicans.
  16. A power-sharing agreement was negotiated, and co-Speakers from both parties were elected. All committees were co-chaired and evenly divided between the parties.
  17. A special election flipped a seat from the Republicans to the Democrats, breaking the tie and flipping the chamber.
  18. A legislator switched parties from Republican to Democratic.
  19. A coalition of 2 Democrats and 23 Republicans controlled the Senate Majority.
  20. 1 2 3 One conservative Democrat caucused as part of the Republicans.

See also

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References

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  25. "Elections Search Results: Superintendent of Public Instruction". Washington Secretary of State.
  26. "Elections Search Results: U.S. Senator". Washington Secretary of State.
  27. "Elections Search Results: U.S. Senator". Washington Secretary of State.
  28. p. 52
  29. p. 38 p. 54
  30. p. 142, p. 140