Political party strength in Wisconsin

The following tables indicate the historic party affiliation of elected officials in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, including: Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction. The tables also indicate the historical party composition in the State Senate, ^[1] State Assembly, ^[1] the State delegation to the United States Senate, and the State delegation to the United States House of Representatives. For years in which a United States presidential election was held, the tables indicate which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.

By year

Wisconsin Territory: 1836–1848

Year	Executive offices			Territorial Assemb.		U.S. Congress
	Governor	Secretary of State	Attorney General	Council	House	Delegate
1836	Henry Dodge (J)	John S. Horner	Henry S. Baird (W)	1	1	none
1837		William B. Slaughter		1	1	George Wallace Jones (J)
1838	Henry Dodge (D)			1	1	George Wallace Jones (D)
1839				2	2	James D. Doty (D)
1840			Horatio Wells (D)	2	2
1841		Francis J. Dunn		3	3	Henry Dodge (D)
1842	James Duane Doty (D)	Alexander Pope Field (W)	Mortimer M. Jackson (W)	3	3
1843				4	4
1844	Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (W)	George R. C. Floyd	William Pitt Lynde (D)	4	4
1845	Henry Dodge (D)		Mortimer M. Jackson (W)	4	4	Morgan L. Martin (D)
1846		John Catlin (D)	A. Hyatt Smith (D)	4	4
1847				5	5	John H. Tweedy (W)
1848				5	5	Henry Hastings Sibley (D)

1848–1899

Year	Executive offices						State Legislature		United States Congress			Electoral votes
	Governor	Lieutenant Governor	Secretary of State	Attorney General	Treasurer	Supt. of Pub. Inst.	State Senate	State Assembly	U.S. Senator (Class I)	U.S. Senator (Class III)	U.S. House
1848	Nelson Dewey (D)	John Edwin Holmes (D)	Thomas McHugh (D)	James S. Brown (D)	Jairus C. Fairchild (D)	Eleazer Root (W)	16D, 3W	49D, 17W	Henry Dodge (D)	Isaac P. Walker (D)	2D	Cass/ Butler (D)N
1849							14D, 4FS, 1W	36D, 16FS, 14W			1FS, 1W, 1D
1850		Samuel Beall (D)	William A. Barstow (D)	S. Park Coon (D)			12D, 4W, 2FS, 1?	41D, 17W, 8FS
1851							14D, 3W, 2FS	46D, 11W, 9FS			2D, 1FS
1852	Leonard J. Farwell (W)	Timothy Burns (D) [a]	Charles D. Robinson (D)	Experience Estabrook (D)	Edward H. Janssen (D)	Azel P. Ladd (D)	13D, 5W, 1FS	31W, 28D, 6FS, 1 vac.				Pierce/ King (D)Y
1853		vacant					18D, 7W	51D, 22W, 7FS, 2I			3D
1854	William A. Barstow (D) [b]	James T. Lewis (D)	Alexander T. Gray (D)	George Baldwin Smith (D)		Hiram A. Wright (D) [a]	20D, 5W	50D, 25W, 8FS
1855							13D, 12R	44R, 33D, 5I, 1?		Charles Durkee (R)	2R, 1D
1856		Arthur MacArthur Sr. (D)	David W. Jones (D)	William R. Smith (D)	Charles Kuehn (D)	A. Constantine Barry (D) [c]	13R, 12D	45D, 35R, 1I, 2?				Fremont/ Dayton (R)N
	Arthur MacArthur Sr. (D) [b]	vacant
	Coles Bashford (R) [b]	Arthur MacArthur Sr. (D)
1857							19R, 11D	62R, 33D, 2I	James R. Doolittle (R)		3R
1858	Alexander Randall (R)	Erasmus D. Campbell (D)		Gabriel Bouck (D)	Samuel D. Hastings (R)	Lyman Draper (D)	18R, 12D	49R, 48D
1859							16R, 14D	55R, 42D			2R, 1D
1860		Butler Noble (R)	Louis P. Harvey (R)	James Henry Howe (R)		Josiah Little Pickard (R) [d]	17R, 13D	58R, 39D				Lincoln/ Hamlin (R)Y
1861							22R, 8D	70R, 27D		Timothy O. Howe (R)	3R
1862	Louis P. Harvey (U) [a]	Edward Salomon (U)	James T. Lewis (U)	Winfield Smith (R)			20R, 11D, 3U	44R, 33D, 23U [e]
	Edward Salomon (U) [f]	vacant
1863							18R, 16D, 1U	53R, 45D, 2U			3D, 3R
1864	James T. Lewis (NU)	Wyman Spooner (NU)	Lucius Fairchild (D)			John G. McMynn (NU)	22NU, 11D	75NU, 25D				Lincoln/ Johnson (NU)Y
1865							25NU, 8D	67NU, 33D			5R, 1D
1866	Lucius Fairchild (NU)		Thomas Allen (NU)	Charles R. Gill (NU)	William E. Smith (NU)		23NU, 10D	67NU, 33D
1867							22NU, 11D	74NU, 25D, 1WD
1868						Alexander J. Craig (R)	18R, 15D	59R, 41D				Grant/ Colfax (R)Y
1869							19R, 14D	68R, 32D	Matthew H. Carpenter (R)
1870		Thaddeus C. Pound (R)	Llywelyn Breese (R)	Stephen Steele Barlow (R)	Henry Baetz (R)	Samuel Fallows (R)	19R, 11D, 3I	55R, 38D, 7I
1871							19R, 14D	57R, 41D, 2I			4R, 2D
1872	Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)	Milton Pettit (R) [a]					23R, 9D, 1I	58R, 38D, 4I				Grant/ Wilson (R)Y
1873		vacant					17R, 16D	60D, 40R			6R, 2D
1874	William Robert Taylor (D)	Charles D. Parker (D)	Peter Doyle (D)	A. Scott Sloan (R)	Ferdinand Kuehn (D)	Edward Searing (LR)	17R, 15D, 1I	64R, 35D, 4I
1875								60D, 40R	Angus Cameron (R)		5R, 3D
1876	Harrison Ludington (R)						21R, 12D	49D, 47R, 4I [g]				Hayes/ Wheeler (R)Y
1877								48R, 40D, 7GB, 4I, 1S [h]
1878	William E. Smith (R)	James M. Bingham (R)	Hans Warner (R)	Alexander Wilson (R)	Richard W. Guenther (R)	William Clarke Whitford (R)	24R, 9D	45R, 41D, 13GB, 1S [i]
1879								66R, 25D, 9GB		Matthew H. Carpenter (R) [a]
1880							25R, 8D	70R, 29D, 1GB				Garfield/ Arthur (R)Y
1881							24R, 9D	78R, 22D	Philetus Sawyer (R)	Angus Cameron (R)
1882	Jeremiah M. Rusk (R) [j]	Sam Fifield (R)	Ernst Timme (R)	Leander F. Frisby (R)	Edward C. McFetridge (R)	Robert Graham (R) [k]	23R, 10D	64R, 34D, 2I
1883							18R, 15D	63R, 37D			6D, 3R
1884												Blaine/ Logan (R)N
1885							20R, 13D	61R, 39D		John Coit Spooner (R)	7R, 2D
1886
1887		George Washington Ryland (R)		Charles E. Estabrook (R)	Henry B. Harshaw (R)	Jesse B. Thayer (R)	25R, 6D, 1Pop, 1I	57R, 30D, 6Pop, 4ID, 3I			7R, 1D, 1Lab
1888												Harrison/ Morton (R)Y
1889	William D. Hoard (R)						24R, 6D, 2UL, 1I	71R, 29D			7R, 2D
1890
1891	George Wilbur Peck (D)	Charles Jonas (D)	Thomas Cunningham (D)	James L. O'Connor (D)	John Hunner (D)	Oliver Elwin Wells (D)	19D, 14R	66D, 33R, 1UL		William F. Vilas (D)	8D, 1R
1892												Cleveland/ Stevenson (D)Y
1893							26D, 7R	56D, 44R	John L. Mitchell (D)		6D, 4R
1894
1895	William H. Upham (R)	Emil Baensch (R)	Henry Casson (R)	William H. Mylrea (R)	Sewell A. Peterson (R)	John Q. Emery (R)	20R, 13D	81R, 19D			10R
1896												McKinley/ Hobart (R)Y
1897	Edward Scofield (R)						29R, 4D	90R, 9D, 1Fus		John Coit Spooner (R) [l]
1898
1899		Jesse Stone (R) [a]	William Froehlich (R)	Emmett R. Hicks (R)	James O. Davidson (R)	Lorenzo D. Harvey (R)	31R, 2D	81R, 19D	Joseph V. Quarles (R)

1900–1949

Year	Executive offices						State Legislature		United States Congress			Electoral votes
	Governor	Lieutenant Governor	Secretary of State	Attorney General	Treasurer	Supt. of Pub. Inst.	State Senate	State Assembly	U.S. Senator (Class I)	U.S. Senator (Class III)	U.S. House
1900	Edward Scofield (R)	Jesse Stone (R) [a]	William Froehlich (R)	Emmett R. Hicks (R)	James O. Davidson (R)	Lorenzo D. Harvey (R)	31R, 2D	81R, 19D	Joseph V. Quarles (R)	John Coit Spooner (R) [l]	10R	McKinley/ Roosevelt (R)Y
1901	Robert M. La Follette (R) [m]							82R, 18D
1902		James O. Davidson (R)
1903			Walter Houser (R)	Lafayette M. Sturdevant (R)	John J. Kempf (R) [n]	Charles P. Cary (R)	30R, 3D	75R, 25D			10R, 1D
1904					Thomas M. Purtell (R) [c]							Roosevelt/ Fairbanks (R)Y
1905					John J. Kempf (R) [n]	Charles P. Cary (NP/R)	28R, 4D, 1SD	85R, 11D, 4SD			10R, 1D
1906	James O. Davidson (R) [f]	vacant							Robert M. La Follette (R)
1907		William D. Connor (R)	James A. Frear (R)	Frank L. Gilbert (R)	Andrew H. Dahl (R)		27R, 5D, 1SD	76R, 19D, 5SD		Isaac Stephenson (R)	9R, 2D
1908												Taft/ Sherman (R)Y
1909		John Strange (R)					28R, 4D, 1SD	80R, 17D, 3SD			10R, 1D
1910
1911	Francis E. McGovern (R)	Thomas Morris (R)		Levi H. Bancroft (R)			27R, 4D, 2SD	59R, 29D, 12SD			8R, 2D, 1Soc
1912												Wilson/ Marshall (D)Y
1913			John Donald (R)	Walter C. Owen (R) [l]	Henry Johnson (R)		23R, 9D, 1SD	57R, 37D, 6SD			8R, 3D
1914
1915	Emanuel L. Philipp (R)	Edward Dithmar (R)					21R, 11D, 1SD	63R, 29D, 8SD		Paul O. Husting (D) [a]
1916												Hughes/ Fairbanks (R)N
1917			Merlin Hull (R)				24R, 6D, 3Soc	79R, 14D, 7Soc			11R
1918				Spencer Haven (R) [c]						Irvine Lenroot (R)
1919				John J. Blaine (R)			27R, 4Soc, 2D	79R, 16Soc, 5D			10R, 1Soc
1920												Harding/ Coolidge (R)Y
1921	John J. Blaine (R)	George Comings (R)	Elmer Hall (R)	William J. Morgan (R)		John Callahan (NP)		92R, 6Soc, 2D			11R
1922
1923			Fred R. Zimmerman (R) [a]	Herman Ekern (R)	Solomon Levitan (R)		30R, 3Soc	89R, 10Soc, 1D			10R, 1Soc
1924												La Follette/ Wheeler (Prog)N
1925		Henry Huber (R)					29R, 4Soc	91R, 8Soc, 1D	Robert M. La Follette Jr. (R)
1926
1927	Fred R. Zimmerman (R)		Theodore Dammann (R)	John W. Reynolds Sr. (R)			31R, 2Soc	89R, 8Soc, 3D		John J. Blaine (R)
1928												Hoover/ Curtis (R)Y
1929	Walter J. Kohler Sr. (R)							91R, 5D, 3Soc, 1I			11R
1930
1931	Philip La Follette (R)						30R, 2Soc, 1D	88R, 9Soc, 3D			10R, 1D
1932												Roosevelt/ Garner (D)Y
1933	Albert G. Schmedeman (D)	Thomas J. O'Malley (D) [a]		James E. Finnegan (D)	Robert Kirkland Henry (D)		23R, 9D, 1Soc	59D, 38R, 3Soc		F. Ryan Duffy (D)	5D, 5R
1934
1935	Philip La Follette (WP)		Theodore Dammann (WP)				14D, 13WP, 6R [o]	45WP, 35D, 17R, 3Soc [p]	Robert M. La Follette Jr. (WP)		7WP, 3D
1936		Henry Gunderson (WP) [q]
1937		Herman Ekern (WP)		Orland Steen Loomis (WP)	Solomon Levitan (WP)		16WP, 9D, 8R [r]	46WP, 31D, 21R, 2Soc [s]
1938
1939	Julius P. Heil (R)	Walter Samuel Goodland (R)	Fred R. Zimmerman (R)	John E. Martin (R) [a]	John M. Smith (R) [a]		16R, 11WP, 6D	53R, 32WP, 15D		Alexander Wiley (R)	8R, 2WP
1940												Roosevelt/ Wallace (D)Y
1941							23R, 6WP, 4D	60R, 25WP, 15D			6R, 3WP, 1D
1942
1943	Orland Steen Loomis (WP) [t]							73R, 14D, 13WP			5R, 3D, 2WP
	Walter Samuel Goodland (R) [a] [t]	vacant
1944												Dewey/ Bricker (R)N
1945		Oscar Rennebohm (R)					22R, 6D, 5WP	75R, 19D, 5WP			7R, 2D, 1WP
1946
1947	Oscar Rennebohm (R) [f]	vacant			John L. Sonderegger (R) [c] [u]		27R, 5D, 1WP	88R, 12D	Joseph McCarthy (R)		10R
1948
				Grover L. Broadfoot (R) [c]	Clyde M. Johnston (NP) [c]							Truman/ Barkley (D)Y
1949		George M. Smith (R)		Thomas E. Fairchild (D)	Warren R. Smith (R)	George Earl Watson (NP)	28R, 5D	74R, 26D			8R, 2D

1950–1999

Year	Executive offices					State Legislature		United States Congress			Electoral votes
	Governor	Lieutenant Governor	Secretary of State	Attorney General	Treasurer	State Senate	State Assembly	U.S. Senator (Class I)	U.S. Senator (Class III)	U.S. House
1950	Oscar Rennebohm (R) [f]	George M. Smith (R)	Fred R. Zimmerman (R)	Thomas E. Fairchild (D)	Warren R. Smith (R) [a]	28R, 5D	74R, 26D	Joseph McCarthy (R)	Alexander Wiley (R)	8R, 2D	Truman/ Barkley (D)
1951	Walter J. Kohler Jr. (R)			Vernon W. Thomson (R)		26R, 7D	76R, 24D			9R, 1D
1952											Eisenhower/ Nixon (R)Y
1953							75R, 25D
1954			Louis Allis (R) [c]
1955		Warren P. Knowles (R)	Glenn M. Wise (R)			25R, 8D	64R, 36D			7R, 3D
1956
1957	Vernon W. Thomson (R)		Robert C. Zimmerman (R)	Stewart G. Honeck (R)		23R, 10D	67R, 33D	William Proxmire (D)
1958					Dena A. Smith (R) [c]
1959	Gaylord Nelson (D)	Philleo Nash (D)		John W. Reynolds Jr. (D)	Eugene M. Lamb (D)	20R, 13D	55D, 45R			5D, 5R
1960											Nixon/ Lodge (R)N
1961		Warren P. Knowles (R)			Dena A. Smith (R) [a]		55R, 45D			6R, 4D
1962
1963	John W. Reynolds Jr. (D)	Jack B. Olson (R)		George Thompson (R)		22R, 11D	53R, 47D		Gaylord Nelson (D)
1964											Johnson/ Humphrey (D)Y
1965	Warren P. Knowles (R)	Patrick Lucey (D)		Bronson La Follette (D)		20R, 13D	52D, 48R			5D, 5R
1966
1967						21R, 12D	52R, 48D			7R, 3D
1968		Jack B. Olson (R)			Harold W. Clemens (R) [c]						Nixon/ Agnew (R)Y
1969				Robert W. Warren (R)		23R, 10D	52R, 48D			6R, 4D
1970
1971	Patrick Lucey (D)	Martin J. Schreiber (D)			Charles P. Smith (D)	20R, 13D	67D, 33R			5D, 5R
1972
1973				Victor A. Miller (D)		18R, 15D	62D, 37R			5D, 4R
1974				Bronson La Follette (D)
1975			Doug La Follette (D)			19D, 14R	63D, 36R			7D, 2R
1976											Carter/ Mondale (D)Y
1977	Martin J. Schreiber (D)	vacant				23D, 10R	66D, 33R
1978
1979	Lee S. Dreyfus (R)	Russell Olson (R)	Vel Phillips (D)			21D, 12R	60D, 39R			6D, 3R
1980											Reagan/ Bush (R)Y
1981						19D, 14R	58D, 40R, 1 vac. [v]		Bob Kasten (R)	5D, 4R
1982
1983	Tony Earl (D)	James Flynn (D)	Doug La Follette (D)			19D, 14R	59D, 40R
1984
1985						19D, 14R	52D, 47R
1986
1987	Tommy Thompson (R)	Scott McCallum (R)		Don Hanaway (R)			54D, 45R
1988											Dukakis/ Bentsen (D)N
1989						20D, 13R	56D, 43R	Herb Kohl (D)
1990
1991				Jim Doyle (D)	Cathy Zeuske (R)	19D, 14R	58D, 41R			5R, 4D
1992											Clinton/ Gore (D)Y
1993						18D, 15R	52D, 47R		Russ Feingold (D)
						17R, 16D [w]
1994
1995					Jack Voight (R)		51R, 48D			6R, 3D
1996
						17D, 16R [x]
1997							52R, 47D			5D, 4R
1998
						17R, 16D [y]
1999						17D, 16R	54R, 45D

2000–present

Year	Executive offices						State Legislature		United States Congress			Electoral votes
	Governor	Lieutenant Governor	Secretary of State	Attorney General	Treasurer	Sup. of Pub. Inst.	State Senate	State Assembly	U.S. Senator (Class I)	U.S. Senator (Class III)	U.S. House
2000	Tommy Thompson (R) [z]	Scott McCallum (R)	Doug La Follette (D) [l]	Jim Doyle (D)	Jack Voight (R)	John T. Benson (NP/D)	17D, 16R	54R, 45D	Herb Kohl (D)	Russ Feingold (D)	5D, 4R	Gore/ Lieberman (D)N
2001	Scott McCallum (R) [aa]	Margaret Farrow (R)				Elizabeth Burmaster (NP/D)	18D, 15R	56R, 43D
2002
2003	Jim Doyle (D)	Barbara Lawton (D)		Peg Lautenschlager (D)			18R, 15D	58R, 41D			4R, 4D
2004												Kerry/ Edwards (D)N
2005							19R, 14D	60R, 39D
2006
2007				J. B. Van Hollen (R)	Dawn Marie Sass (D)		18D, 15R	52R, 47D			5D, 3R
2008												Obama/ Biden (D)Y
2009						Tony Evers (NP/D)		52D, 46R, 1I
2010
2011	Scott Walker (R)	Rebecca Kleefisch (R)			Kurt W. Schuller (R)		19R, 14D	59R, 39D, 1I		Ron Johnson (R)	5R, 3D
							17R, 16D [ab]
2012							17D, 16R [ac]
2013							18R, 15D	60R, 39D	Tammy Baldwin (D)
2014
2015				Brad Schimel (R)	Matt Adamczyk (R)		19R, 14D	63R, 36D
2016												Trump/ Pence (R)Y
2017							20R, 13D	64R, 35D
2018							18R, 15D
2019	Tony Evers (D)	Mandela Barnes (D)		Josh Kaul (D)	Sarah Godlewski (D)	Carolyn Stanford Taylor (NP/D) [c]	19R, 14D	63R, 36D
2020												Biden/ Harris (D)Y
2021						Jill Underly (NP/D)	21R, 12D	61R, 38D
2022
2023		Sara Rodriguez (D)	Sarah Godlewski (D) [c]		John Leiber (R)		22R, 11D	64R, 35D			6R, 2D
2024												Trump/ Vance (R)Y
2025							18R, 15D	54R, 45D

Key to party colors and abbreviations for members of the U.S. Congress and other politicians or officials

Alaskan Independence (AKIP) Know Nothing (KN) American Labor (AL) Anti-Jacksonian (Anti-J) National Republican (NR) Anti-Administration (AA) Anti-Masonic (Anti-M) Conservative (Con) Covenant (Cov)

Democratic (D) Democratic–Farmer–Labor (DFL) Democratic–NPL (D-NPL) Dixiecrat (Dix), States' Rights (SR) Democratic-Republican (DR) Farmer–Labor (FL) Federalist (F) Pro-Administration (PA)

Free Soil (FS) Fusion (Fus) Greenback (GB) Independence (IPM) Independent Democrat (ID) Independent Republican (IR) Jacksonian (J) Liberal (Lib)

Libertarian (L) National Union (NU) Nonpartisan League (NPL) Nullifier (N) Opposition Northern (O) Opposition Southern (O) Populist (Pop) Progressive (Prog)

Prohibition (Proh) Readjuster (Rea) Republican (R) Silver (Sv) Silver Republican (SvR) Socialist (Soc) Union (U) Unconditional Union (UU)

Vermont Progressive (VP) Whig (W) Independent (I) Nonpartisan (NP)

See also

• List of superintendents of public instruction of Wisconsin
• Politics in Wisconsin
• Elections in Wisconsin

Notes

1. Died in office.
2. Initially, Barstow was declared the winner of the 1855 election, but soon resigned amid claims that he had won through fraudulent means. MacArthur, as lieutenant governor, acted as governor for five days, until the Wisconsin Supreme Court declared Barstow's opponent, Bashford, the legitimate governor. Bashford completed the term, with MacArthur continuing to serve as lieutenant governor.
3. Appointed to fill a vacancy.
4. Resigned to become Chicago superintendent of schools.
5. Elected a Unionist, James W. Beardsley, as Speaker. ^[2]
6. As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for remainder of unexpired term.
7. Elected a Republican, Sam Fifield, as Speaker. ^[2]
8. Elected an Independent, John B. Cassoday, as Speaker. He ran on a Unionist ticket. ^[2]
9. Elected a Greenback, Augustus Barrows, as Speaker. ^[2]
10. During Rusk's first term, the Wisconsin Constitution was amended to provide that all elections of state and county officers would henceforth take place in even-numbered years. By the provisions of the amendment, the terms of all officials who would have left office in 1884, including Rusk, were extended by one year.
11. Also nominated by the Democratic Party and the Prohibition Party.
12. Resigned.
13. La Follette nominated himself to Wisconsin's vacant U.S. Senate seat in 1905 and was confirmed by the state Senate; he held both offices, leaving the senate seat unfilled, until he resigned from the office of governor to take his seat in the Senate.
14. Failed to give required bond.
15. Elected a Democrat, Harry W. Bolens, as President Pro Tempore. ^[3]
16. Elected a Progressive, Jorge W. Carow, as Speaker. ^[4]
17. Resigned to take an appointment to the state tax commission.
18. Elected a Progressive, Walter J. Rush, as President Pro Tempore. ^[5]
19. Elected a Progressive, Paul Alfonsi, as Speaker. ^[6]
20. Loomis was elected in 1942 but died before taking office. Per a ruling of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, Goodland, who had been re-elected lieutenant governor in the same election, acted as governor for the term.
21. Resigned to become State Insurance Commissioner.
22. The 47th Assembly district was vacant for most of this term due to a resignation followed by a disputed special election.
23. On April 6, 1993, three special elections were held, and in two of them, Republicans flipped the seats to their control, and thus took control of the chamber on April 20. ^{[7] [8]}
24. On June 4, 1996, a special election was held, and Democrats flipped the seat to their control, and thus took control of the chamber on June 19. ^[9]
25. On April 7, 1998, a special election was held, and Republicans flipped the seat to their control, and thus took control of the chamber on April 20. ^{[10] [8]}
26. Resigned to become United States Secretary of Health and Human Services.
27. Ascended to the governorship upon Gov. Thompson's resignation.
28. See 2011 Wisconsin Senate recall elections.
29. See 2012 Wisconsin Senate recall elections.

References

1. Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau (comp.). State of Wisconsin 2005-2006 Blue Book . Madison: Wisconsin Legislature Joint Committee on Legislative Organization, 2005, p. 271.
2. The State of Wisconsin Blue Book. Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, distributed by Document Sales. 1973. p. 649.
3. The State of Wisconsin Blue Book. Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, distributed by Document Sales. 1973. p. 648.
4. Sharp, Nancy Weatherly; Sharp, James Roger; Ritter, Charles F.; Wakelyn, Jon L. (1997). American Legislative Leaders in the Midwest, 1911-1994. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 83. ISBN   978-0-313-30214-5.
5. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YQUtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6tMFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4362,5129113&hl=en ^{[ dead link ]}
6. The State of Wisconsin Blue Book. Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, distributed by Document Sales. 1973.
7. Journal of the Senate
8. "President of the Senate Brian Rude". Archived from the original on 2008-08-20. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
9. "Wisconsin Legislature: SJ96171". docs.legis.wisconsin.gov. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
10. "Wisconsin Legislature: sj042198e". docs.legis.wisconsin.gov. Retrieved 2021-06-30.

External links

• "Wisconsin Blue Books". The State of Wisconsin Collection. Retrieved 2021-07-19.