Genus of trees
Pouteria genus of flowering trees in the gutta-percha family , Sapotaceae . The genus is widespread throughout the tropical Americas, with outlier species in Cameroon and Malesia . [ 2] It includes the canistel ( P. campechiana ), the mamey sapote ( P. sapota ), and the lucuma ( P. lucuma ). Commonly, this genus is known as pouteria trees , or in some cases, eggfruits .
Pouteria is related to Manilkara , another genus that produces hard and heavy woods (e.g. balatá , M. bidentata ) used commonly for tropical construction, as well as edible fruit (such as sapodilla , M. zapota ).
Uses Fruits of P. ramiflora Many species, such as Pouteria maclayana , [ 3] have edible fruits and are important foods, seasonally. Some are being commercially collected and sold on local markets or packed in cans .
Pouteria species yield hard, heavy, resilient woods used as firewood and timber , but particularly in outdoor and naval construction, such as dock pilings , deckings , etc. Some species, such as abiu ( P. caimito ), are considered to be shipworm resistant, but this depends on the silica content, which may vary from 0.0-0.9%. The weight by volume (at 12% moisture content) of Pouteria wood can be in excess of 1140 kg/m3 (71 lb/ft3 ; thus, the wood sinks in water. The wood of Pouteria species is prone to considerable movement and warping when it dries out, but in its main use, naval construction, this is not a problem, since the wood never gets really dry.
The vessel elements are relatively small and usually di- to quadriseriate; the medullary rays are fine and close together. Pouteria woods are capable of attaining an excellent polish using fine-grained sandpaper and possibly some wax. They can sometimes show an attractive figure of dark stripes against a sandy to mid-brown background colour. However, the wood is hardly used for furniture because it is so dense that items made from it would be difficult to transport. Moreover, it is nearly impossible to work using hand tools. Even using power tools , working these woods presents some problems, as well, but given some patience and practical knowledge, these can easily be solved.
For the silica to be effective against shipworms, it needs to dry to some degree to harden. When the wood is continually waterlogged, this process may take place very slowly or not at all, leaving the wood vulnerable.
Pouteria foliage is used as food by some Lepidoptera caterpillars , including those of the dalcerid moth Dalcera abrasa , which has been recorded on P. ramiflora . The fruits are important food for various animals, such as the rock-haunting ringtail possum (Petropseudes dahli ).
Due to habitat loss and in some cases overexploitation , many species of Pouteria are threatened . At least 10 are close to extinction , and one – the Rio de Janeiro pouteria ( P. stenophylla ), which grew near Rio de Janeiro in Brazil , is now extinct.
Systematics and taxonomy Pouteria is a "wastebasket taxon ", and its size is continually being expanded or decreased. The segregated Labatia , described by Olof Swartz in 1788 and named after the French botanist Jean-Baptiste Labat , was maintained as a distinct entity until the 1930s, when it was synonymized with Pouteria . Most segregated genera that were merged with Pouteria again were established by Henri Ernest Baillon and Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre . [ 1]
Recent phylogenetic and morphological studies found Pouteria to be polyphyletic , and many genera previously subsumed into Pouteria and/or Chrysophyllum , including Achrouteria , Chloroluma , Cornuella , Englerella , Labatia , Lucuma , Martiusella , Nemaluma , Peteniodendron , Prieurella , and Ragala , have been reinstated. [ 4]
Accepted species Plants of the World Online currently accepts 170 species. [ 2]
Pouteria alvesii Alves-Araújo – Brazil (Pernambuco and Bahia) Pouteria amapaensis Pires & T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amapá) Pouteria amazonica Radlk. – Brazil (Amazonas) Pouteria ambelaniifolia (Sandwith) T.D.Penn. – Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, and northern Brazil Pouteria amygdalicarpa (Pittier) T.D.Penn. – Nicaragua to Venezuela and Ecuador Pouteria amygdalina (Standl.) Baehni – southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Costa Rica Pouteria andarahiensis T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Bahia) Pouteria anteridata T.D.Penn. – Venezuela Pouteria arcuata T.D.Penn. – southeastern Colombia and Venezuela (Amazonas) Pouteria areolatifolia Lundell – Guatemala (Petén) Pouteria aristata (Britton & P.Wilson) Baehni – Cuba Pouteria atabapoensis (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Amazonas) and Brazil (Amazonas) Pouteria atlantica Alves-Araújo & M.Alves – Brazil (southeastern Bahia) Pouteria aubrevillei Bernardi – northern Brazil, French Guiana, Colombia, and Peru Pouteria aurea T.D.Penn. – Ecuador Pouteria austin-smithii (Standl.) Cronquist – Costa Rica and Panama Pouteria baehniana Monach. – Venezuela to Bolivia Pouteria bangii (Rusby) T.D.Penn. – northern South America Pouteria bapeba T.D.Penn. – Brazil (southeastern Bahia to northern Espírito Santo) Pouteria belizensis (Standl.) Cronquist – Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco, Chiapas) to Nicaragua Pouteria benai (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) T.D.Penn. – French Guiana Pouteria bilocularis (H.J.P.Winkl.) Baehni – northern South America Pouteria bonneriana Bernardi – Peru (Loreto) Pouteria bracteata T.D.Penn. – Nicaragua to western Ecuador Pouteria brevensis Pires – Brazil (Pará) Pouteria brevipetiolata T.D.Penn. – Ecuador Pouteria briocheoides Lundell – Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala Pouteria buenaventurensis (Aubrév.) Pilz – Panama to Ecuador Pouteria bullata (S.Moore) Baehni – Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Paraná) Pouteria butyrocarpa (Kuhlm.) T.D.Penn. – Brazil (southeastern Bahia to Espírito Santo) Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk. – abiu – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, northern South America, and Trinidad and Tobago Pouteria calistophylla (Standl.) Baehni – Costa Rica and Panama Pouteria campanulata Baehni – Brazil (Amazonas and Pará) Pouteria canaimaensis T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Bolívar) Pouteria cayennensis (A.DC.) Eyma – southeastern Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, and northern Brazil Pouteria celebica Erlee – Sulawesi Pouteria chiricana (Standl.) Baehni – Costa Rica and Panama Pouteria chocoensis (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – western Colombia Pouteria cicatricata T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas and Rondônia) Pouteria cinnamomea (Diels) Baehni – Peru (Cusco) Pouteria citriodora Alves-Araújo – Brazil (Bahia) Pouteria cladantha Sandwith – tropical South America Pouteria coelomatica Rizzini – Brazil (southeastern Bahia to Rio de Janeiro) Pouteria collina (Little) T.D.Penn. – Colombia and northern Ecuador Pouteria condorensis T.D.Penn. – Ecuador Pouteria cordiformis T.D.Penn. – Ecuador Pouteria coriacea (Pierre) Pierre – Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern Brazil Pouteria crassiflora Pires & T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Amazonas) and Brazil (Amapá and Pará) Pouteria cubensis Baehni – Cuba (Sierra Maestra) Pouteria cuspidata (A.DC.) Baehni – Costa Rica to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil Pouteria decorticans T.D.Penn. – northwestern Venezuela, northern Brazil, and French Guiana Pouteria decussata (Ducke) Baehni – Brazil (Pará) Pouteria deliciosa T.D.Penn. – French Guiana, Colombia, and Peru Pouteria dictyoneura (Griseb.) Radlk. Pouteria egregia Sandwith – Colombia and northeastern Brazil Pouteria elegans (A.DC.) Baehni – Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, northern Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia Pouteria engleri Eyma – Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil Pouteria ephedrantha (A.C.Sm.) T.D.Penn. – southeast Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil (Acre) Pouteria ericoides T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus) Pouteria erythrochrysa T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus) Pouteria espinae (Standl.) Baehni – Colombia Pouteria eugeniifolia (Pierre) Baehni – Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil Pouteria euryphylla (Standl.) Baehni – Panama Pouteria exfoliata T.D.Penn. – Costa Rica and Panama Pouteria exstaminodia Pires & T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas) Pouteria filiformis T.D.Penn. – Costa Rica Pouteria fossicola Cronquist – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama Pouteria foveolata T.D.Penn. – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama Pouteria fragrans (Pierre) Dubard – Paraguay and northeastern Argentina Pouteria franciscana Baehni – northern and northeastern Bolivia, northern Brazil, and northeastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia) Pouteria freitasii T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus) Pouteria fulva T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas) Pouteria furcata T.D.Penn. – northeastern Brazil (Maranhão and Piauí) Pouteria gabrielensis (Gilly ex Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – southeastern Colombia, Venezuela, and northern Brazil Pouteria gallifructa Cronquist – Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and Costa Rica; northeastern Brazil Pouteria gardneri (Mart. & Eichler) Baehni – Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay Pouteria gigantea (Diels) Pilz – Ecuador Pouteria glauca T.D.Penn. – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, northern and northeastern Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname Pouteria glomerata (Miq.) Radlk. – Mexico to northeastern ArgentinaPouteria glomerata subsp. stylosa (Pierre) T.D.Penn. – Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and northern Brazil Pouteria gomphiifolia (Mart. ex Miq.) Radlk. – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and northern Brazil Pouteria gongrijpii Eyma – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, northern and northeastern Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname Pouteria gracilis T.D.Penn. – Peru (San Martín) Pouteria guianensis Aubl. – Panama, northern South America, and Trinidad Pouteria hexastemon Baehni – Cameroon Pouteria hotteana (Urb. & Ekman) Baehni – Haiti and Puerto Rico Pouteria izabalensis (Standl.) Baehni – Mexico (Chiapas) to Costa Rica Pouteria juruana K.Krause – Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern Brazil Pouteria kaieteurensis T.D.Penn. – Guyana (Kaieteur Plateau ) Pouteria krukovii (A.C.Sm.) Baehni – Colombia, Brazil (Acre), and Peru (Loreto) Pouteria latianthera T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Amazonas) and Brazil (Amapá) Pouteria leptopedicellata Pilz – Costa Rica to Ecuador Pouteria longifolia (Mart. & Eichler) T.D.Penn. – Peru (San Martín) and Bolivia (La Paz) Pouteria lucens (Mart. & Miq.) Radlk. – Brazil (Amazonas) Pouteria lucida (H.J.Lam) Baehni – Maluku Pouteria lucumifolia (Reissek ex Maxim.) T.D.Penn. – Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, Ecuador, Peru Pouteria macahensis T.D.Penn. – northeastern and eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro) Pouteria macrocarpa (Mart.) D.Dietr. – Colombia, northern Brazil, and southeastern Brazil Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, northern, central, and eastern Brazil, Suriname and French Guiana Pouteria maguirei (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – southeast Colombia, Venezuela (Amazonas), and northwestern Brazil Pouteria mattogrossensis (Pilg.) Baehni – Brazil (Mato Grosso) Pouteria megaphylla T.D.Penn. – Ecuador Pouteria melanopoda Eyma – Suriname and French Guiana Pouteria micrantha (Urb.) Baehni – eastern Cuba (Lomas de Cuaba and Sierra de Nipe) Pouteria microstrigosa T.D.Penn. – eastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Minas Gerais) Pouteria minima T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Bolívar) and Brazil (northwestern Amazonas) Pouteria mongaguensis Mattos – Brazil (São Paulo) Pouteria nemorosa Baehni – eastern Bolivia Pouteria nudipetala T.D.Penn. – southeastern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern Brazil Pouteria oblanceolata Pires – Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, French Guiana, and northern and northeastern Brazil Pouteria obscura (Huber) Baehni – Brazil (Pará) Pouteria opposita (Ducke) T.D.Penn. – Peru and northern Brazil Pouteria orinocoensis (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – central and southern Venezuela Pouteria oxyedra (Miq.) Baehni – Sumatra Pouteria pachyphylla T.D.Penn. – northern Brazil (Amazonas and Rondônia) Pouteria pallida (C.F.Gaertn.) Baehni – Leeward Islands, Windward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago Pouteria penicillata Baehni – Guyan Pouteria pentamera T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus) Pouteria peruviensis (Aubrév.) Bernardi – Peru (Loreto) Pouteria pimichinensis T.D.Penn. – Colombia (Guainía) and Venezuela (southeastern Amazonas) Pouteria pisquiensis Baehni – Peru (Ucayali) Pouteria platyphylla (A.C.Sm.) Baehni – northern and west-central Brazil (Amazonas and Mato Grosso), Ecuador, and Peru (Loreto) Pouteria plicata T.D.Penn. – Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and northern, northeastern, and west-central Brazil Pouteria polycarpa (Rusby) Baehni – Bolivia Pouteria polysepala T.D.Penn. – Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northern Brazil Pouteria procera (Mart.) K.Hammer – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, and northern and eastern Brazil Pouteria puberula T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Miranda) Pouteria pubescens (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) T.D.Penn. – southeastern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern Brazil Pouteria pullei Eyma – Suriname Pouteria putamen-ovi T.D.Penn. – southern Colombia, northern Peru, and northern Brazil Pouteria quicheana Cronquist – Guatemala Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. – Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay Pouteria resinosa T.D.Penn. – northern Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus) Pouteria reticulata (Engl.) Eyma – southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America Pouteria retinervis T.D.Penn. – southeastern Colombia, northern Brazil, and French Guiana Pouteria rhynchocarpa T.D.Penn. – southern Mexico (Veracruz and Oacaca) Pouteria rigida (Mart. & Eichler) Radlk. – southern Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil Pouteria rigidopsis Monach. ex T.D.Penn. – northern and northeastern Venezuela Pouteria rostrata (Huber) Baehni – Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern and west-central Brazil Pouteria rufotomentosa (Lundell) T.D.Penn. – Mexico (Oaxaca) and Guatemala Pouteria sagotiana (Baill.) Eyma – Guianas and northern Brazil (Amapá) Pouteria samborae Alves-Araújo & Mônico – Brazil (Espírito Santo) Pouteria sambuensis (Pittier) Baehni – Panama Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore & Stearn – mamey sapote – Mexico and Central America Pouteria scabritesta T.D.Penn. – Ecuador Pouteria sclerocarpa (Pittier) Cronquist – Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru Pouteria scrobiculata Monach. ex T.D.Penn. – Colombia (Caquetá), Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil Pouteria semecarpifolia (Pierre ex Duss) Pierre – Leeward Islands and Windward Islands Pouteria sessilis T.D.Penn. – Peru (Loreto) Pouteria silvestris T.D.Penn. – Costa Rica (Heredia), Colombia (Chocó), and Ecuador Pouteria simulans Monach. – Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru Pouteria singularis T.D.Penn. – Venezuela, northern Brazil, and French Guiana Pouteria sipapoensis T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Amazonas) Pouteria spicata J.F.Morales – Costa Rica Pouteria squamosa Cronquist – southern Mexico (southern Veracruz and Oaxaca) and Guatemala Pouteria stipitata Cronquist – Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and northern Brazil (Rondônia) Pouteria stylifera T.D.Penn. – northern Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus) Pouteria subrotata Cronquist – Nicaragua to Venezuela and Peru Pouteria subsessilifolia Cronquist – northeastern Brazil (Bahia) Pouteria surumuensis Baehni – Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, northern Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia Pouteria synsepala Popovkin & A.D.Faria – northeastern Brazil (Bahia) Pouteria tarapotensis (Eichler ex Pierre) Baehni – Peru and western Bolivia Pouteria tarumanensis Pires – northern Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus) Pouteria tenuisepala Pires & T.D.Penn. – French Guiana and northern Brazil (Amapá and Pará) Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk. – Abiurana – southern Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, and southern Brazilsubsp. tuberculata (Sleumer) T.D.Penn. – Red Abiorana – southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, northern Brazil, and French Guiana Synonyms Due to the uncertainty regarding its actual content, the number of synonyms of Pouteria is massive. Plants of the World Online currently treats the following genera as synonyms. [ 2]
Barylucuma Ducke (1925) Caleatia Mart. ex Steud. (1841), pro syn. Caramuri Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1961) Chaetocarpus Schreb. (1789), nom. rej. Discoluma Baill. (1891) Eremoluma Baill. (1891) Franchetella Pierre (1890) Gomphiluma Baill. (1891) Guapeba Gomes (1812) Guapebeira Gomes (1803) Ichthyophora Baehni (1964) Krugella Pierre (1891) Leioluma Baill. (1891) Microluma Baill. (1891) Myrtiluma Baill. (1891) Neoxythece Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1961) Oxythece Miq. (1863), nom. illeg. Paralabatia Pierre (1890) Piresodendron Aubrév. ex Le Thomas (1983) Podoluma Baill. (1891) Prozetia Neck. (1790), opus utique oppr. Pseudocladia Pierre (1891) Pseudolabatia Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1962) Pseudoxythece Aubrév. (1972) Sandwithiodoxa Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1962) Urbanella Pierre (1890) The following genera are sometimes included in Pouteria . [ 1] Their current treatment by Plants of the World Online is included here.
Achradelpha O.F.Cook – synonym of Manilkara Albertisiella Pierre ex Aubrév. – synonym of Planchonella Aningeria Aubrév. & Pellegr. – accepted genusBeauvisagea Pierre – synonym of Planchonella Beccariella Pierre – synonym of Pleioluma [ 5] Beccarimnia Pierre ex Koord. Blabeia Baehni – synonym of Planchonella Boerlagella Cogn. - synonym of Planchonella Bureavella Pierre – synonym of Planchonella Calocarpum Pierre – synonym of Manilkara Calospermum Pierre – synonym of Manilkara Eglerodendron Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1962) – synonym of Labatia Englerella Pierre (1891) – accepted genusFontbrunea Pierre – synonym of Planchonella Gayella Pierre (1890) – accepted genusHormogyne A.DC. – synonym of Planchonella Iteiluma Baill. – synonym of Planchonella Krausella H.J.Lam – synonym of Planchonella Labatia Sw. (1788), nom. cons. – accepted genus Lucuma Molina (1782) – accepted genus Malacantha Pierre – accepted genus Nemaluma Baill. (1891) – accepted genusNeolabatia Aubrév. (1972), nom. illeg. – synonym of Labatia Peteniodendron Lundell (1976) – accepted genusPeuceluma Baill. – synonym of Planchonella Planchonella Pierre - accepted genus Pleioluma (Baill.) Baehni – accepted genusPoissonella Pierre – synonym of Planchonella Pyriluma (Baill.) Aubrév. – synonym of Planchonella Radlkoferella Pierre (1890) – synonym of Lucuma Richardella Pierre (1890) – synonym of Lucuma Sersalisia R.Br. - accepted genusSiderocarpus Pierre – synonym of Planchonella Syzygiopsis Ducke (1925) – synonym of Micropholis Van-royena Aubrév. – accepted genusWoikoia Baehni Wokoia Baehni – synonym of Pichonia This page is based on this
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