Prairie Island Nuclear Power Plant

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Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Station
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Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant in 2024
Prairie Island Nuclear Power Plant
Official namePrairie Island Nuclear Generating Station, Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant
CountryUnited States
Location Red Wing, Goodhue County, Minnesota
Coordinates 44°37′18″N92°37′59″W / 44.62167°N 92.63306°W / 44.62167; -92.63306
StatusOperational
Construction beganUnit 1: June 25, 1968
Unit 2: June 25, 1969
Commission date Unit 1: December 16, 1973
Unit 2: December 21, 1974
Construction cost$993.3 million (2007 USD) [1]
Owner(s) Xcel Energy
Operator(s) Northern States Power Company
Nuclear power station
Reactor type PWR
Reactor supplier Westinghouse
Cooling towers4 × Mechanical Draft
Cooling source Mississippi River
Thermal capacity2 × 1677 MWth
Power generation
Units operational1 × 522 MW
1 × 519 MW
Make and model WH 2-loop (DRYAMB)
Nameplate capacity 1041 MW
Capacity factor 95.90% (2017)
86.75% (lifetime)
Annual net output 9099 GWh (2021)
External links
Website Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Station
Commons Related media on Commons
[ edit on Wikidata]

The Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant is an electricity-generating facility located in Red Wing, Minnesota, along the Mississippi River, and adjacent to the Prairie Island Indian Community reservation.

Contents

The nuclear power plant, which began operating in 1973, has two nuclear reactors (pressurized water reactors) manufactured by Westinghouse that produce a total 1,076  megawatts of power. Units 1 and 2 are licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to operate through 2033 and 2034, respectively. The plant is owned by Northern States Power Company (NSP), a subsidiary of Xcel Energy, and is operated by Xcel Energy.

Prairie Island is one of two nuclear power plants in Minnesota (the other being Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant in Monticello). Prairie Island has attracted controversy in the early 21st century for its operator Xcel Energy's decision to store nuclear waste in large steel casks on-site. As this area is a floodplain of the Mississippi, many opponents of the decision fear the risk of water contamination through breach of the casks during seasonal flooding of this important river. They opposed renewal of the federal license at the Prairie Island facility.

In April 2008, Xcel requested that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) renew the licenses of both reactors, extending them for an additional twenty years. The license renewals were approved in June 2011. [2] [3]

The company has also requested NRC approval to use a similar storage system at its Monticello plant, which is currently licensed through 2030.

In May 2006 repair workers at the plant were exposed to very low levels of radiation due to inhalation of radioactive iodine-131 (131I) gas. The gas leaked from the steam generators, which were opened for inspection. 131I gas is normally removed by means of a carbon-based filter; in this case the filter had developed a small leak. The NRC deemed this event to be of very low safety significance. It said that no overdose of radiation resulted in any of the workers. [4]

The winter net electrical generation is 560 MW (Unit 1) and 554 MW (Unit 2). The gross electrical generation for both units is 592 MW. [5]

Electricity Production

Generation ( MWh ) of Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Station [6]
YearJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnual (Total)
2001618,437389,471812,451768,863501,550676,953765,082390,035626,635805,604745,222812,4027,912,705
2002802,932373,880783,818756,917784,939748,625767,063778,860762,582806,927578,200724,5248,669,267
2003806,522732,916800,615684,367783,901750,041775,166767,157509,328634,237781,912811,1568,837,318
2004812,077742,272813,087754,093776,582731,996778,077753,226469,661398,624423,888807,0378,260,620
2005803,697587,802725,050533,350395,669605,329773,229779,765752,870809,297783,285810,9588,360,301
2006768,648523,355812,343704,490389,748663,369745,076775,984755,986791,112565,065615,6918,110,867
2007810,954732,049677,891688,004594,354745,714775,685779,896742,574815,304787,799760,5078,910,731
2008810,496515,086469,069762,392772,758743,236756,823743,293609,678399,754728,946807,2918,118,822
2009807,196726,201805,405762,882680,521745,867779,578774,487506,146399,117457,420806,1418,250,961
2010805,145728,923805,049574,465439,846741,930769,667770,378761,566798,544768,646818,7748,782,933
2011818,468739,817815,576757,785372,204597,462748,386783,362774,064586,553794,267814,3038,602,247
2012820,337630,540407,372389,424397,135730,575770,451683,077767,873673,038384,267399,3277,053,416
2013740,979739,154815,212779,072754,238701,865705,139707,944569,678403,634395,787401,4417,714,143
2014721,609743,538816,214756,998708,398749,968788,820788,306768,579486,688476,118577,9648,383,200
2015750,900577,036498,893421,236653,048631,448786,848790,719770,421610,077393,458490,6277,374,711
2016395,781450,899805,213778,932789,139758,513790,015792,433776,208586,692514,685824,5488,263,058
2017800,052746,308814,592712,816721,001734,256788,068796,150730,330571,144504,490825,5248,744,731
2018825,623746,420807,946786,128787,237760,376791,122784,577612,472449,168802,370829,8668,983,305
2019830,379749,984826,877767,210796,204768,510794,271792,739709,597469,769803,828830,6049,139,972
2020830,631776,447820,843779,680787,499751,478786,644725,466566,087630,500800,735827,9649,083,974
2021829,359748,821826,536788,422791,957758,411812,448786,454708,566415,370802,809830,7609,099,913
2022830,920750,383816,081788,362794,680762,851789,948794,008768,203560,237665,926829,3339,150,932
2023830,915748,646830,051789,354726,347572,628789,879786,369761,937294,027007,130,153
20240311,670660,507772,807

Surrounding population

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone has a radius of 10 miles (16 km), and is related primarily to exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination. Secondly, an ingestion pathway zone with a radius of about 50 miles (80 km), is concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid by residents that could be contaminated by radioactivity. [7]

The 2010 U.S. population within 10 miles (16 km) of Prairie Island was 27,996, an increase of 4.6 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. census data for MSNBC. The 2010 U.S. population within 50 miles (80 km) was 2,945,237, an increase of 7.8 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include Minneapolis (39 miles to city center) and St. Paul (32 miles to city center). [8]

Spent fuel storage

NSP had initially intended to send radioactive waste from this plant to a storage facility operated by the United States federal government, but no such site is yet open for use. (The Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository is under construction, but given strong opposition in the region, the Obama administration no longer thought this was an option.)

In 1991, Xcel Energy had requested permission from the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission to eventually store waste in 48  dry casks on the Prairie Island site. Opposition by environmentalists and the neighboring Prairie Island tribe led the Minnesota Legislature to decrease the number of allowed casks to 17; this was sufficient to keep the plant operating through approximately 2003. [9]

When those casks filled, Xcel Energy requested that the limit be expanded beyond 17 casks. The legislature granted the request, but required the company to make greater use of renewable energy in generating power, such as wind power. In addition, it was required to pay the adjacent Prairie Island Indian Community up to $2.25 million per year to help with evacuation improvements, and the acquisition and development of new land for their reservation. In addition, this money was to help pay for a health study and emergency management activities by the small tribe.

Steam generator replacement

Operators at Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant began a refueling outage on Unit 2 at 12:01 a.m. 9/23/2013. In addition to refueling the reactor, an expanded workforce replaced the unit's two steam generators. [10] Unit 2 was expected to come back online within eight weeks; however, it did not resume operation until January 13, 2014. At 2 am on January 14, Unit 2 reached 100% power output. [11]

Seismic risk

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Prairie Island was 1 in 333,333, according to an NRC study published in August 2010. [12] [13]

Emergency shutdowns

Xcel Energy performed an emergency shutdown in late January 2015 of the Unit 1 reactor after a cloud of steam built up in the pressurized cooling system following a cooling-down process to replace a seal in one of the reactor cooling pumps. The plant returned to full power in February 2015. [14]

Unit 2 of the plant has been shut down due to an emergency on 5 March 2015, indicated by a fire alarm at 4:00 am CST. Xcel energy plant operators declared a “notification of an unusual event,” the lowest of four emergency classifications established by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. [15]

Unit 2 shut down automatically December 17, 2015, due to a turbine problem, and the fire alarm went off at the time. Operators declared a "notification of unusual event". [16]

Hydrogen production

Prairie Island will start producing green hydrogen from high-temperature electrolysis. Xcel Energy is going to build two natural gas power plants that can use a mix of 30% hydrogen. Natural gas power plants could be replaced/retrofitted with combined cycle hydrogen power plants to transition away from hydrocarbons. Ships and trains could also run on hydrogen fuel cells. [17]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "EIA - State Nuclear Profiles". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  2. ↑ "Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant, Units 1 and 2 - License Renewal Application". Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  3. ↑ Karnowski, Steve (June 28, 2011). "Prairie Island nuclear plant licenses renewed". Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  4. ↑ 4Q/2007 Inspection Findings - Prairie Island 2
  5. ↑ "PRAIRIE ISLAND NUCLEAR GENERATING PLANT, UNITS 1 AND 2 AMENDMENT RE: MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY RECAPTURE POWER UPRATE" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  6. ↑ "Electricity Data Browser". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  7. ↑ "Backgrounder on Emergency Preparedness at Nuclear Power Plants". Nuclear Regulatory Commission . Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  8. ↑ "Nuclear neighbors: Population rises near US reactors", Bill Dedman, NBC News, 14 April 2011; Accessed May 1, 2011.
  9. ↑ "Another Nuclear Rip-off: Unmasking Private Fuel Storage" (PDF). citizen.org. July 2001. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  10. ↑ "Prairie Island Unit 2 Begins Refueling Outage", News Release, Xcel Energy
  11. ↑ Shaffer, David (2014-01-15). "Prairie Island nuclear plant is back online". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  12. ↑ "What are the odds? US nuke plants ranked by quake risk". NBC News. 2011-03-16. Retrieved 2024-08-16.
  13. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-25. Retrieved 2011-04-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ↑ "Prairie Island Nuclear Power Plant 1 returns to full power" Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine , FOX 28 News
  15. ↑ "Prairie Island Nuclear Plant unit shut down", CBS Local, Minnesota, 5 March 2015
  16. ↑ [ permanent dead link ], The Public
  17. ↑ Orenstein, Walker (2024-02-01). "Xcel Energy wants to extend life of Prairie Island nuclear facility, add two gas plants". www.startribune.com. Retrieved 2024-08-16.
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