Arkansas Nuclear One

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Arkansas Nuclear One
RusselvillePowerplant b.jpg
Arkansas Nuclear One (February 2010)
Arkansas Nuclear One
CountryUnited States
Location Clark Township, Pope County, near Russellville, Arkansas
Coordinates 35°18′40″N93°13′52″W / 35.311°N 93.231°W / 35.311; -93.231
StatusOperational
Construction beganUnit 1: October 1, 1968
Unit 2: December 6, 1968
Commission date Unit 1: December 19, 1974
Unit 2: March 26, 1980
Construction cost$2.522 billion (2007 USD) [1]
Owner Entergy Arkansas
Operator Entergy Nuclear
Nuclear power station
Reactor type PWR
Reactor supplierUnit 1: Babcock & Wilcox
Unit 2: Combustion Engineering
Cooling towers1 × Natural Draft
(Unit 2 only)
Cooling source Lake Dardanelle
Thermal capacity1 × 2568 MWth
1 × 3026 MWth
Power generation
Units operational1 × 836 MW
1 × 988 MW
Make and modelUnit 1: B&W LLP (DRYAMB)
Unit 2: CE 2-loop (DRYAMB)
Nameplate capacity 1824 MW
Capacity factor 79.36% (2017)
80.75% (lifetime)
Annual net output 13,555 GWh (2021) [2]
External links
Website Arkansas Nuclear One
Commons Related media on Commons
[ edit on Wikidata]

Arkansas Nuclear One (ANO) is a two-unit pressurized water nuclear power plant located on Lake Dardanelle outside Russellville, Arkansas. Owned by Entergy Arkansas and operated by Entergy Nuclear. It is the only nuclear power facility in Arkansas. [3] ANO has been in continuous operation for 50 years as of December 17, 2024.

Contents

Units

Both units were designed by Bechtel Power and are located on the Northeast Shore of Lake Dardanelle. [4] They employ a combined number of 950 personnel at ANO [5] and generate enough power to meet approximately 56% of the total energy demand of Entergy Arkansas’ 700,000 customers. [6]

Unit One

Unit One has a generating capacity of 836 megawatts and began commercial operation on December 19, 1974. [7] ANO Unit 1 had its license to operate issued May 21, 1974 and it was later renewed June 20, 2001. [8] It is licensed to operate through May 20, 2034. [9] Its nuclear reactor and turbine generator were supplied by Babcock & Wilcox and Westinghouse, respectively. [10] Unit One utilizes Lake Dardanelle as its source of cooling. [11]

Unit Two

Unit Two has a generating capacity of 988 megawatts and began commercial operation on March 26, 1980. [12] ANO Unit 2 had its license to operate issued September 1, 1978 and it was later renewed June 30, 2005. [13] It is licensed to operate through July 17, 2038. [14] Its nuclear reactor and turbine generator were supplied by Combustion Engineering and General Electric, respectively. [15] Unit Two utilizes a recirculating-water system from a 447-foot tall cooling tower. [16]

Surrounding population

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of 10 miles (16 km), concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about 50 miles (80 km), concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity. [17]

The 2010 U.S. population within 10 miles (16 km) of Arkansas Nuclear One was 44,139, an increase of 17.2 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within 50 miles (80 km) was 308,219, an increase of 13.3 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include Russellville (6 miles to city center). [18]

Seismic risk

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Arkansas Nuclear One was 1 in 243,902, according to an NRC study published in August 2010. [19] [20]

March 2013 incident

Arkansas Nuclear One cooling tower.jpg

On March 31, 2013, an industrial accident at the facility killed one person and injured eight other workers, including four seriously. [21] The accident took place "in a non-radiation area, and there was no risk to public health and safety." According to Entergy, the old stator of Unit One's generator fell during an operation to replace it. The falling component ruptured a water pipe, causing water infiltration into the plant's switchgear, which knocked out power to all of Unit One and one train of Unit Two's electrical system, which was online at the time. The electrical failure caused an automatic shutdown of Unit Two. The plant's emergency generators started and restored power to the emergency systems of both units. Unit One was in a refueling outage. [22] Emergency diesel generators, water pumps and feed water were functioning following a loss of all off-site power on Unit One, according to the NRC event notification. [23] The plant was placed under an "unusual event classification", which is the lowest of four emergency classification levels for abnormal events designated by the federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which regulates American civil nuclear installations. One plant worker died, and ten other injuries required offsite medical treatment. [24] The company released an official statement of condolence. [25] Entergy announced that they would immediately commence repairs to Unit Two and hope to have the unit back online within several weeks. Entergy also acknowledged that Unit One would be offline for an extended time while the company surveyed the damage and established a timeline for repairs. [26]

The cost of the repairs was estimated at $95–120M, not counting additional costs to replace lost electricity from the reactors being down for four months. Both units were repaired, and started up on August 7, 2013, capable of returning to full power. [27] During the recovery from the incident a specialist engineering company named Lowther-Rolton [28] assisted with the recovery of the existing Stator and performed a "Technical Audit" (also called a "third-party review") of the engineering for lifting and installation of the new Stator to ensure safety of operations.

December 2013 incident

On December 9, 2013, Unit Two was taken offline due to a transformer fire in the site switchyard. [29] The fire was contained without injuries or threats to safety. [30]

Potentially defective reactor vessel head

In December 2016, it was disclosed that a certificate of conformity for Unit 2's steel reactor vessel head, supplied by Creusot Forge, had been forged by the manufacturer, violating safety standards and potentially undermining the vessel head's mechanical ability to withstand sudden breakdown in certain conditions if excess carbon is present inside the steel. [31]

Electricity Production

Generation (MWh) of Arkansas Nuclear One [32]
YearJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnual (Total)
20011,028,5441,214,5381,030,9011,109,1591,321,5061,285,1711,268,4341,318,3241,286,2831,333,3811,243,7401,340,80814,780,789
20021,334,3551,209,2391,340,682874,9371,223,0771,334,1451,366,8281,369,7981,264,140806,8741,081,7351,353,07414,558,884
20031,392,4641,255,7721,390,8761,340,1831,370,4431,333,8791,333,2661,232,981970,6831,026,8291,008,1881,033,85214,689,416
20041,395,0551,217,1411,393,0301,130,1941,095,4281,158,5301,374,5231,347,9851,262,4031,340,6391,347,5771,387,34615,449,851
20051,394,7721,259,865832,0291,049,3981,385,6591,329,5461,365,3571,364,5501,315,097826,104724,688842,50613,689,571
20061,385,9781,260,3841,393,4671,336,1071,383,6991,331,3371,369,0271,364,1801,043,262650,6781,320,0871,394,37115,232,577
20071,237,4451,224,8401,381,5391,142,613979,4931,330,8681,372,2591,363,1741,328,0571,383,0981,348,8371,393,87915,486,102
20081,392,764950,5621,008,7541,052,8891,359,1201,330,6551,334,6461,369,1911,335,2311,264,610725,9391,043,73014,168,091
20091,299,9681,061,3661,263,1941,327,6971,384,6581,324,2701,367,7451,367,043722,3531,386,3551,348,0541,317,26315,169,966
20101,390,2771,195,6551,164,159763,1311,334,1431,319,4291,360,6981,140,8881,241,6271,381,4291,343,0251,388,21715,022,678
20111,388,9721,042,029744,1291,211,2721,170,3521,324,4991,360,0161,363,5101,326,8791,015,457876,4921,370,83814,194,445
20121,368,4571,298,7121,380,6131,331,2201,371,6751,321,1571,356,8131,314,553890,2201,128,2701,342,7631,388,67815,493,131
20131,388,9821,255,3421,148,16425,775743,235713,416735,2511,108,5871,295,7231,351,3121,342,172837,29811,945,257
20141,125,9151,254,4001,386,6111,159,812440,492994,3611,365,9711,359,7991,321,1191,376,1621,339,6591,353,95814,478,259
20151,209,164669,2951,346,4681,325,1161,371,7761,317,3541,343,7771,329,4211,041,409626,728949,4111,307,87513,837,794
20161,386,4111,104,5251,314,7441,326,8121,347,7551,314,6521,353,7791,359,6981,076,18478,277708,6851,049,50013,421,022
20171,279,9251,192,231951,634517,508215,385603,7051,136,5331,364,0111,324,9091,378,2101,339,6821,387,34612,691,079
20181,374,0561,251,7061,214,195722,323841,7251,025,5371,289,4681,315,837952,746632,419811,0461,289,76012,720,818
20191,389,5661,243,8881,364,8411,332,6971,200,079596,530660,2021,352,7971,309,963826,357910,6141,387,41313,574,947
20201,385,4981,298,300942,612791,1611,362,4781,289,2401,357,7551,362,3571,324,7161,381,5461,263,1571,304,22915,063,049
20211,369,9321,207,1321,278,617879,2671,180,3831,321,2831,360,8761,336,7431,054,545632,672602,7021,331,53213,555,684
20221,389,0631,254,4751,386,4411,333,4831,376,7581,317,5181,355,1461,359,9391,229,466841,006721,750758,65214,323,697
20231,364,1061,202,6801,364,559888,097815,4211,290,5171,340,9341,355,7851,287,7721,380,3981,342,8081,339,40414,972,481
20241,389,0591,295,7321,388,0151,253,382922,7971,319,8861,358,7461,359,413--

See also

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References

  1. ↑ U.S. Energy Information Administration (26 April 2012). "EIA - State Nuclear Profiles". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  2. ↑ "U.S. Nuclear Operating Plant Basic Information". Nuclear Energy Institute. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
  3. ↑ "Arkansas and Nuclear Energy" (PDF). Nuclear Energy Institute. Retrieved 2020-05-22.
  4. ↑ , Entergy Nuclear.
  5. ↑ , Entergy Nuclear.
  6. ↑ , Entergy Nuclear.
  7. ↑ , Entergy Nuclear.
  8. ↑ Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 1, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
  9. ↑ Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 1, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
  10. ↑ , Entergy Nuclear.
  11. ↑ , Entergy Nuclear.
  12. ↑ , Entergy Nuclear.
  13. ↑ Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 2, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
  14. ↑ Arkansas Nuclear One, Unit 2, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
  15. ↑ , Entergy Nuclear.
  16. ↑ , Entergy Nuclear.
  17. ↑ "NRC: Emergency Planning Zones". United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  18. ↑ "Nuclear neighbors: Population rises near US reactors". NBC News. 2011-04-14. Retrieved 2024-08-16.
  19. ↑ "What are the odds? US nuke plants ranked by quake risk". NBC News. 2011-03-16. Retrieved 2024-08-16.
  20. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-25. Retrieved 2011-04-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ↑ "U.S. NRC Event Notification Report for April 1, 2013 (Event Number: 48869)". U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  22. ↑ "One dead, three injured in Arkansas nuclear plant accident". NBC News. Archived from the original on 2013-10-13. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  23. ↑ "U.S. NRC Event Notification Report for April 1, 2013 (Event Number: 48869)". U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  24. ↑ ""Root Cause Evaluation Report, Unit 1 Main Turbine Generator," Entergy Operations, Arkansas Nuclear One" (PDF).
  25. ↑ "Breaking News Stories from US and Around the World - MSN News". www.msn.com.
  26. ↑ http://www.foxbusiness.com/news/2013/04/04/entergy-plans-for-restart-unit-2-at-arkansas-nuclear-plant/ [ dead link ]
  27. ↑ "Arkansas back in action - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org.
  28. ↑ "Structural Engineering Consultants, Heavy Lift Consultants, Marine & Petrochemical UK". www.lowther-rolton.com.
  29. ↑ "Transformer Fire Takes Down Nuclear Plant". www.powermag.com. 2013-12-12.
  30. ↑ "Arkansas Matters News". 15 November 2023.
  31. ↑ "NRC Request for Information on AREVA Creusot Forge Forgings in U.S. Components and Carbon Segregation Issues" (PDF). 15 December 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
  32. ↑ "Electricity Data Browser". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
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