R. Graham Cooks

Last updated
Robert Graham Cooks
Born
Benoni, South Africa
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater University of Natal
Cambridge University
Known for Mass Spectrometry
Scientific career
Fields Chemistry, Mass spectrometry
Institutions Purdue University
Doctoral advisor Frank L. Warren
Peter Sykes
Doctoral students Jennifer S. Brodbelt
Gary Glish
Livia S. Eberlin
Scott A. McLuckey
Vicki Wysocki
Abraham Badu-Tawiah
Notes

Robert Graham Cooks is the Henry Bohn Hass Distinguished Professor of Chemistry in the Aston Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry at Purdue University. He is an ISI Highly Cited Chemist, [1] with over 1,000 publications and an H-index of 144. [2] [3]

Contents

Education

Cooks received a bachelor of science and master of science degrees from the University of Natal in South Africa in 1961 and 1963, respectively. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Natal in 1965 and a second Ph.D. from Cambridge University in 1967, where he worked with Peter Sykes. He then did post-doctoral work at Cambridge with Dudley Williams. [4]

Career

Cooks became an Assistant Professor at Kansas State University from 1968 to 1971. In 1971, he took a position at Purdue University. He became a Professor of Chemistry in 1980 and was appointed the Henry Bohn Hass Distinguished Professor in 1990. [4] Cooks was co-editor of the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry from 2013-2017. [5] [6]

Select research interests

Research in Cooks' laboratory (the Aston Laboratories) has contributed to a diverse assortment of areas within mass spectrometry, ranging from fundamental research to instrument and method development to applications. Cooks' research interests over the course of his career have included the study of gas-phase ion chemistry, [7] tandem mass spectrometry, [8] angle-resolved mass spectrometry [9] and energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS); [10] dissociation processes, including collision-induced dissociation (CID), [11] surface-induced dissociation (SID), [12] and photodissociation (PD); [13] and desorption processes, including secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), [14] laser desorption ionization (LD) [15] and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). [16]

His research has ranged through areas from preparative mass spectrometry, ionization techniques and quadrupole ion traps (QITs) and related technologies [17] to as far afield as abiogenisis (also known as "the origin of life") via homochirality. [18]

Awards and fellowships

See also

Related Research Articles

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and is applied to pure samples as well as complex mixtures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ion source</span> Device that creates charged atoms and molecules (ions)

An ion source is a device that creates atomic and molecular ions. Ion sources are used to form ions for mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters and ion engines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electrospray ionization</span> Technique used in mass spectroscopy

Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to produce ions using an electrospray in which a high voltage is applied to a liquid to create an aerosol. It is especially useful in producing ions from macromolecules because it overcomes the propensity of these molecules to fragment when ionized. ESI is different from other ionization processes since it may produce multiple-charged ions, effectively extending the mass range of the analyser to accommodate the kDa-MDa orders of magnitude observed in proteins and their associated polypeptide fragments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tandem mass spectrometry</span>

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is a technique in instrumental analysis where two or more mass analyzers are coupled together using an additional reaction step to increase their abilities to analyse chemical samples. A common use of tandem MS is the analysis of biomolecules, such as proteins and peptides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electron-transfer dissociation</span>

Electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) is a method of fragmenting multiply-charged gaseous macromolecules in a mass spectrometer between the stages of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Similar to electron-capture dissociation, ETD induces fragmentation of large, multiply-charged cations by transferring electrons to them. ETD is used extensively with polymers and biological molecules such as proteins and peptides for sequence analysis. Transferring an electron causes peptide backbone cleavage into c- and z-ions while leaving labile post translational modifications (PTM) intact. The technique only works well for higher charge state peptide or polymer ions (z>2). However, relative to collision-induced dissociation (CID), ETD is advantageous for the fragmentation of longer peptides or even entire proteins. This makes the technique important for top-down proteomics. The method was developed by Hunt and coworkers at the University of Virginia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Desorption electrospray ionization</span>

Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization technique that can be coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for chemical analysis of samples at atmospheric conditions. Coupled ionization sources-MS systems are popular in chemical analysis because the individual capabilities of various sources combined with different MS systems allow for chemical determinations of samples. DESI employs a fast-moving charged solvent stream, at an angle relative to the sample surface, to extract analytes from the surfaces and propel the secondary ions toward the mass analyzer. This tandem technique can be used to analyze forensics analyses, pharmaceuticals, plant tissues, fruits, intact biological tissues, enzyme-substrate complexes, metabolites and polymers. Therefore, DESI-MS may be applied in a wide variety of sectors including food and drug administration, pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, and biotechnology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christie G. Enke</span> American chemist

Christie G. Enke is a United States academic chemist who made pioneering contributions to the field of analytical chemistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ion-mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry</span>

Ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) is an analytical chemistry method that separates gas phase ions based on their interaction with a collision gas and their masses. In the first step, the ions are separated according to their mobility through a buffer gas on a millisecond timescale using an ion mobility spectrometer. The separated ions are then introduced into a mass analyzer in a second step where their mass-to-charge ratios can be determined on a microsecond timescale. The effective separation of analytes achieved with this method makes it widely applicable in the analysis of complex samples such as in proteomics and metabolomics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization</span>

Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) is an ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry that uses hot solvent vapor for desorption in conjunction with photoionization. Ambient Ionization techniques allow for direct analysis of samples without pretreatment. The direct analysis technique, such as DAPPI, eliminates the extraction steps seen in most nontraditional samples. DAPPI can be used to analyze bulkier samples, such as, tablets, powders, resins, plants, and tissues. The first step of this technique utilizes a jet of hot solvent vapor. The hot jet thermally desorbs the sample from a surface. The vaporized sample is then ionized by the vacuum ultraviolet light and consequently sampled into a mass spectrometer. DAPPI can detect a range of both polar and non-polar compounds, but is most sensitive when analyzing neutral or non-polar compounds. This technique also offers a selective and soft ionization for highly conjugated compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ambient ionization</span>

Ambient ionization is a form of ionization in which ions are formed in an ion source outside the mass spectrometer without sample preparation or separation. Ions can be formed by extraction into charged electrospray droplets, thermally desorbed and ionized by chemical ionization, or laser desorbed or ablated and post-ionized before they enter the mass spectrometer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer</span>

A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS), is a tandem mass spectrometer consisting of two quadrupole mass analyzers in series, with a (non-mass-resolving) radio frequency (RF)–only quadrupole between them to act as a cell for collision-induced dissociation. This configuration is often abbreviated QqQ, here Q1q2Q3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fragmentation (mass spectrometry)</span>

In mass spectrometry, fragmentation is the dissociation of energetically unstable molecular ions formed from passing the molecules in the ionization chamber of a mass spectrometer. The fragments of a molecule cause a unique pattern in the mass spectrum. These reactions are well documented over the decades and fragmentation pattern is useful to determine the molar weight and structural information of the unknown molecule. Fragmentation that occurs in tandem mass spectrometry experiments has been a recent focus of research, because this data helps facilitate the identification of molecules.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extractive electrospray ionization</span>

Extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) is a spray-type, ambient ionization source in mass spectrometry that uses two colliding aerosols, one of which is generated by electrospray. In standard EESI, syringe pumps provide the liquids for both an electrospray and a sample spray. In neutral desorption EESI (ND-EESI), the liquid for the sample aerosol is provided by a flow of nitrogen.

Jennifer S. Brodbelt is an American chemist known for her research using mass spectrometry to characterize organic compounds, especially biopolymers and proteins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gary Glish</span>

Gary Glish is an American analytical chemist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is a leading researcher in the fields of mass spectrometry, ion chemistry, and biomolecule analysis.

Peter Nemes, Ph.D., is a Hungarian-American chemist, who is active in the fields of bioanalytical chemistry, mass spectrometry, cell/developmental biology, neuroscience, and biochemistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julia Laskin</span> Russian–American Chemist

Julia Laskin is the William F. and Patty J. Miller Professor of Analytical Chemistry at Purdue University. Her research is focused on the fundamental understanding of ion-surface collisions, understanding of phenomena underlying chemical analysis of large molecules in complex heterogeneous environments, and the development of new instrumentation and methods in preparative and imaging mass spectrometry.

Hilkka Inkeri Kenttämaa is a researcher in organic and bioorganic mass spectrometry, and the Frank Brown Endowed Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Purdue University. She is a pioneer in distonic radical cation research and laser-induced acoustic desorption.

Barbara Seliger Larsen is a mass spectrometrist, with a career in instrumentations and applications of mass spectrometry in industry, and served on the board of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry for several terms.

References

  1. ↑ "Chemistry - Research Analytics". Archived from the original on December 4, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  2. ↑ "Web of Science" (PDF). December 2011. Retrieved 2015-03-27.[ dead link ]
  3. ↑ "Robert Graham Cooks". Google Scholar. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  4. 1 2 "R. Graham Cooks". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  5. ↑ "Co-editors of the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry - Volume 6, 2013". Annual Reviews Directory. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  6. ↑ "Co-editors of the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry - Volume 10, 2017". Annual Reviews Directory. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  7. ↑ Williams, D.H.; Cooks, R.G. (1968). "The Role of 'Frequency Factors' in Determining the Difference Between Low and High Voltage Mass Spectra". Chemical Communications. 1968 (12): 663. doi:10.1039/C19680000663.
  8. ↑ Kruger, T.L.; Litton, J.F.; Kondrat, R.W.; Cooks, R.G. (1976). "Mixture Analysis by Mass-Analyzed Ion Kinetic Energy Spectrometry". Analytical Chemistry. 48 (14): 2113–2119. doi:10.1021/ac50008a016.
  9. ↑ Laramee, J.A.; Carmody, J.; Cooks, R.G. (1979). "Angle Resolved Mass Spectrometry". International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics. 31 (4): 333–343. Bibcode:1979IJMSI..31..333L. doi:10.1016/0020-7381(79)80071-6.
  10. ↑ McLuckey, S.A.; Sallans, L.; Cody, R.G.; Burnier, R.C.; Verma, S.; Freiser, B.S.; Cooks, R.G. (1982). "Energy-Resolved Tandem and Fourier-Transform Mass Spectrometry". International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics. 44 (3–4): 215–229. Bibcode:1982IJMSI..44..215M. doi:10.1016/0020-7381(82)80026-0.
  11. ↑ Brodbelt, J.S.; Wysocki, V.H.; Cooks, R.G. (1988). "Thermochemical vs. Kinetic Control of Reaction in an Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer". Organic Mass Spectrometry. 23 (1): 54–56. doi:10.1002/oms.1210230111.
  12. ↑ Winger, B.E.; Julian, Jr.; Cooks, R.G.; Chidsey, C.E.D. (1991). "Surface Reactions and Surface-Induced Dissociation of Polyatomic Ions at Self-Assembled Organic Monolayer Surfaces". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 113 (23): 8967–8969. doi:10.1021/ja00023a067.
  13. ↑ Louris, J.N.; Brodbelt, J.S.; Cooks, R.G. (1987). "Photodissociation in a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer Using a Fiber Optic Interface". International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes. 75 (3): 345–352. Bibcode:1987IJMSI..75..345L. doi:10.1016/0168-1176(87)83045-8.
  14. ↑ Grade, H.; Winograd, N.; Cooks, R.G. (1977). "Cationization of Organic Molecules in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 99 (23): 7725–7726. doi:10.1021/ja00465a062.
  15. ↑ Zakett, D.; Schoen, A.E.; Cooks, R.G.; Hemberger, P.H. (1981). "Laser-Desorption Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry and the Mechanism of Desorption Ionization". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 103 (5): 1295–1297. doi:10.1021/ja00395a086.
  16. ↑ Costa, Anthony B.; Cooks, R. Graham (2007). "Simulation of Atmospheric Transport and Droplet Thin-Film Collisions in Desorption Electrospray Ionization". Chemical Communications. 2007 (38): 3915–3917. doi:10.1039/b710511h. PMID   17896031.
  17. ↑ Louris, J.N.; Amy, J.W.; Ridley, T.Y.; Cooks, R.G. (1989). "Injection of Ions Into a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer". International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes. 88 (2–3): 97–111. Bibcode:1989IJMSI..88...97L. doi:10.1016/0168-1176(89)85010-4.
  18. ↑ Yang, Pengxiang; Xu, Ruifeng; Nanita, Sergio C.; Cooks, R. Graham (2006). "Thermal Formation of Homochiral Serine Clusters and Implications for the Origin of Homochirality". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 128 (51): 17074–17086. doi:10.1021/ja064617d. PMID   17177460.
  19. ↑ Glish G (2008). "Focus Honoring R. Graham Cooks, Recipient of the 2006 ASMS Award for Distinguished Contribution in Mass Spectrometry". Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 19 (2): 159–60. doi: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.11.011 . PMID   18160305.
  20. ↑ "Purdue professor and former student win Nobel Signature Award for Graduate Education in Chemistry - Purdue University". www.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2016-10-09.
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