| Reel | |
|---|---|
| Thuɔk ë Rëël | |
| Native to | South Sudan |
| Ethnicity | Atwot |
Native speakers | 116,000 (2017) [1] |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | atu |
| Glottolog | reel1238 |
| ELP | Reel |
Reel, or Atwot, is a Nilotic language of South Sudan that is closely related to Nuer. They call themselves Reel; Atwot is their Dinka name.
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n̪ | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | Voiceless | p | t̪ | t | c | k | ʔ |
| Voiced | b | d̪ | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | w | lʲ | j | ||||
/t̪/ alternates with [ s ], /c/ with [ ç ], and /p/ with [ ɸ ]. [3] /ʔ/ becomes [ ɦ ] near breathy vowels. [4]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | a |
Reid (2010) finds seven vowel phonemes, considering voice quality and vowel length as suprasegmental distinctions. [6] Vowels have two voice qualities (modal and breathy) [7] and three lengths (short, long, and overlong). [8]
Reel has three tones—high, low, and falling. [9]
Breathy voiceBRETH-ee is a phonation in which the vocal folds vibrate, as they do in normal (modal) voicing, but are adjusted to let more air escape which produces a sighing-like sound. A simple breathy phonation,, can sometimes be heard as an allophone of English between vowels, such as in the word behind, for some speakers.
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. The IPA is used by lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, linguists, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators.
Slack voice is the pronunciation of consonant or vowels with a glottal opening slightly wider than that occurring in modal voice. Such sounds are often referred to informally as lenis or half-voiced in the case of consonants. In some Chinese varieties, such as Wu, and in a few Austronesian languages, the 'intermediate' phonation of slack stops confuses listeners of languages without these distinctions, so that different transcription systems may use ⟨p⟩ or ⟨b⟩ for the same consonant. In Xhosa, slack-voiced consonants have usually been transcribed as breathy voice. Although the IPA has no dedicated diacritic for slack voice, the voiceless diacritic may be used with a voiced consonant letter, though this convention is also used for partially voiced consonants in languages such as English.
The Nuer language (Thok Naath) ("people's language") is a Nilotic language of the Western Nilotic group. It is spoken by the Nuer people of South Sudan and in western Ethiopia (region of Gambela). The language is very similar to Dinka and Atuot.
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In phonetics, length or quantity is a feature of sounds that have distinctively extended duration compared with other sounds. There are long vowels as well as long consonants.
Turkana is the language of the Turkana people of Kenya and Ethiopia. It is spoken in northwestern Kenya, primarily in Turkana County, which lies west of Lake Turkana. It is one of the Eastern Nilotic languages, and is closely related to Karamojong, Jie and Teso of Uganda, to Toposa spoken in the extreme southeast of South Sudan, and to Nyangatom in the South Sudan/Ethiopia Omo valley borderland; these languages together form the cluster of Ateker Languages.
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Lango is a Southern Luo language or dialect cluster of the Western Nilotic language branch. The word "Lango" is used to describe both the language spoken by the indigenous and the tribe itself.
In linguistics, a register complex is a combination of phonation type, pitch, length, vowel quality and/or other variants that function dependently as distinguishing features within a single phonological system. In languages employing register systems, differences in a distinguishing feature correlate relative to the quality of another distinguishing feature.
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